scholarly journals Designing a delta tripod based robot fused deposition modelling 3 dimensional printer using an open-source Arduino development platform

2018 ◽  
Vol 184 ◽  
pp. 02013
Author(s):  
Tamás Templom ◽  
Timotei István Erdei ◽  
Zsolt Molnár ◽  
Edwin Shaw ◽  
Géza Husi
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Rapid Prototyping ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Development Platform ◽  
Fused Deposition

The pinnacle of 3D printing is its effect on the field of rapid prototyping. The major advantage comes from the fact that designers can quickly materialize a part or object, which then could be tested in practice, and can be effortlessly modified if needed. This obviously cuts the development expenses and time by a significant percent. Moreover, it’s possible to create complex and precise shapes with the technology, which would take more time and would be resource intensive if done by older methods, for example manual or automatic machining.

scholarly journals Development of a 3-dimensional printed tube thoracostomy task trainer: An improved methodology

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-113
Author(s):  
Wen Hao Chen ◽  
Shairah Radzi ◽  
Li Qi Chiu ◽  
Wai Yee Yeong ◽  
Sreenivasulu Reddy Mogali
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Chest Tube ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Medical Educators ◽  
Based Instruction ◽  
Training Modalities

Introduction: Simulation-based training has become a popular tool for chest tube training, but existing training modalities face inherent limitations. Cadaveric and animal models are limited by access and cost, while commercial models are often too costly for widespread use. Hence, medical educators seek a new modality for simulation-based instruction. 3D printing has seen growing applications in medicine, owing to its advantages in recreating anatomical detail using readily available medical images. Methods: Anonymised computer tomography data of a patient’s thorax was processed using modelling software to create a printable model. Compared to a previous study, 3D printing was applied extensively to this task trainer. A mixture of fused deposition modelling and material jetting technology allowed us to introduce superior haptics while keeping costs low. Given material limitations, the chest wall thickness was reduced to preserve the ease of incision and dissection. Results: The complete thoracostomy task trainer costs approximately SGD$130 (or USD$97), which is significantly cheaper compared to the average commercial task trainer. It requires approximately 118 hours of print time. The complete task trainer simulates the consistencies of ribs, intercostal muscles and skin. Conclusion: By utilising multiple 3D printing technologies, this paper aims to outline an improved methodology to produce a 3D printed chest tube simulator. An accurate evaluation can only be carried out after we improve on the anatomical fidelity of this prototype. A 3D printed task trainer has great potential to provide sustainable simulation-based education in the future.

Rapid Prototyping of Aerodynamics Research Models

2012 ◽  
Vol 217-219 ◽  
pp. 2016-2025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Shun ◽  
Noor Alam Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Rapid Prototyping ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Selective Laser Sintering ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Control Technique ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Printing Processes

Rapid prototyping techniques are ideally suited to the manufacture of aerodynamics research models as these items usually consist of highly complex 3 Dimensional (3D) forms. The fabrication of complex curvatures on traditional Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machines often requires the production of additional tooling supports to allow for full machining of all surfaces. Such a necessity often results in extra cost and fabrication time, as well as a potential loss in accuracy due to any repositioning required to allow machining of internal and external features. It is often necessary to divide the model into additional sections to allow for the machining of internal features which can cause issues with mismatching of adjacent surfaces. The inclusion of small or complex internal features and hollow sections may be problematic if not impossible. In contrast, many rapid prototyping techniques eliminate most of these manufacturing issues due to the additive nature of modern 3D printing processes. Popular techniques for the rapid prototyping of polymers include Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) and stereolithography. The basic technique reduces a 3D object into a series of thin 2D slices. The 2D slices are then “printed” vertically in succession to produce the final 3D item The “slicing” technique is readily compatible with the formation of complex 3D curvatures as well as internal and hollow features. In addition, any required tooling supports are produced simultaneously with the desired item, which greatly reduces processing time and loss of accuracy due to part repositioning. The necessity to produce a model from multiple sections to allow access for machining of internal features can in many cases be reduced significantly. The characteristics intrinsic to many modern 3D printing techniques are greatly beneficial for the production of complex wind tunnel models made from polymer. The current work describes the design process and features of a wind tunnel model used for research into a novel aerodynamic flow control technique. An additive manufacturing technique was chosen as the most suitable for the rapid, accurate and simplest fabrication process for the model.

scholarly journals Advanced Pharmaceutical Applications of Hot-Melt Extrusion Coupled with Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) 3D Printing for Personalised Drug Delivery

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deck Tan ◽  
Mohammed Maniruzzaman ◽  
Ali Nokhodchi
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Hot Melt Extrusion ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Melt Extrusion ◽  
3D Object ◽  
3D Printing Technology ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Pharmaceutical Applications ◽  
Hot Melt

Three-dimensional printing, also known as additive manufacturing, is a fabrication process whereby a 3D object is created layer-by-layer by depositing a feedstock material such as thermoplastic polymer. The 3D printing technology has been widely used for rapid prototyping and its interest as a fabrication method has grown significantly across many disciplines. The most common 3D printing technology is called the Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) which utilises thermoplastic filaments as a starting material, then extrudes the material in sequential layers above its melting temperature to create a 3D object. These filaments can be fabricated using the Hot-Melt Extrusion (HME) technology. The advantage of using HME to manufacture polymer filaments for FDM printing is that a homogenous solid dispersion of two or more pharmaceutical excipients i.e., polymers can be made and a thermostable drug can even be introduced in the filament composition, which is otherwise impractical with any other techniques. By introducing HME techniques for 3D printing filament development can improve the bioavailability and solubility of drugs as well as sustain the drug release for a prolonged period of time. The latter is of particular interest when medical implants are considered via 3D printing. In recent years, there has been increasing interest in implementing a continuous manufacturing method on pharmaceutical products development and manufacture, in order to ensure high quality and efficacy with less batch-to-batch variations of the pharmaceutical products. The HME and FDM technology can be combined into one integrated continuous processing platform. This article reviews the working principle of Hot Melt Extrusion and Fused Deposition Modelling, and how these two technologies can be combined for the use of advanced pharmaceutical applications.

scholarly journals 3D Printing of Thermo-Sensitive Drugs

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1524
Author(s):  
Sadikalmahdi Abdella ◽  
Souha H. Youssef ◽  
Franklin Afinjuomo ◽  
Yunmei Song ◽  
Paris Fouladian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Digital Light Processing ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Printing Technique ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Semi Solid ◽  
Selection Of

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is among the rapidly evolving technologies with applications in many sectors. The pharmaceutical industry is no exception, and the approval of the first 3D-printed tablet (Spiratam®) marked a revolution in the field. Several studies reported the fabrication of different dosage forms using a range of 3D printing techniques. Thermosensitive drugs compose a considerable segment of available medications in the market requiring strict temperature control during processing to ensure their efficacy and safety. Heating involved in some of the 3D printing technologies raises concerns regarding the feasibility of the techniques for printing thermolabile drugs. Studies reported that semi-solid extrusion (SSE) is the commonly used printing technique to fabricate thermosensitive drugs. Digital light processing (DLP), binder jetting (BJ), and stereolithography (SLA) can also be used for the fabrication of thermosensitive drugs as they do not involve heating elements. Nonetheless, degradation of some drugs by light source used in the techniques was reported. Interestingly, fused deposition modelling (FDM) coupled with filling techniques offered protection against thermal degradation. Concepts such as selection of low melting point polymers, adjustment of printing parameters, and coupling of more than one printing technique were exploited in printing thermosensitive drugs. This systematic review presents challenges, 3DP procedures, and future directions of 3D printing of thermo-sensitive formulations.

scholarly journals 3D Printing of Solvent-Free Supramolecular Polymers

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald Rupp ◽  
Wolfgang H. Binder
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Fundamental Principle ◽  
Supramolecular Polymers ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Polymer Science ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Molecular Ordering

Additive manufacturing has significantly changed polymer science and technology by engineering complex material shapes and compositions. With the advent of dynamic properties in polymeric materials as a fundamental principle to achieve, e.g., self-healing properties, the use of supramolecular chemistry as a tool for molecular ordering has become important. By adjusting molecular nanoscopic (supramolecular) bonds in polymers, rheological properties, immanent for 3D printing, can be adjusted, resulting in shape persistence and improved printing. We here review recent progress in the 3D printing of supramolecular polymers, with a focus on fused deposition modelling (FDM) to overcome some of its limitations still being present up to date and open perspectives for their application.

Deriving Infill Design of Fused Deposition Modelled Parts From Predicted Stress Profiles

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Gopsill ◽  
Ben J. Hicks
Keyword(s):  
Process Time ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Stress Profile ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Pattern Structures ◽  
Initial Work ◽  
Bending Loads ◽  
Multiple Materials

The use of Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) is increasing rapidly in both the commercial and industrial sectors as a means of rapidly prototyping geometrically complex parts. Particular affordances of FDM include the reduction of waste material during manufacture, the use of multiple materials within a single manufacturing process and the ability to manipulate the internal geometry of a part. The latter of which has seen the generation of many 2-dimensional repeating pattern structures such as square, rectilinear and hexagonal, as well as an emerging field of 3-dimensional structures. Although these patterns have provided stiffness and rigidity whilst reducing the production time of FDM prototypes, many do not consider the actual loading conditions of the part in-situ, where it is argued that further significant gains in the performance could be achieved. This includes further reduction in process time and increased part functionality. Thus, this paper presents initial work into the generation of an infill that is derived from the predicted stress profile for the part. This has been achieved through the post-processing of Finite Element (FE) models to identify the stress profile. Interpolation across these profiles leads to a set of aligned Bézier splines that enable the transmission of force and are also able to be manufactured using FDM. These splines are embedded within the typical slicing procedure of a part ahead of being manufactured on a FDM machine. Initial results from parts designed to support three-point bending loads show a 79% increase in the stiffness of the part alongside a consistent and repeatable mode of failure when compared to the commonly used honeycomb infill design.

scholarly journals On-Demand Intraoperative 3-Dimensional Printing of Custom Cranioplastic Prostheses

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander I Evins ◽  
John Dutton ◽  
Sayem S Imam ◽  
Amal O Dadi ◽  
Tao Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Perioperative Complications ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Production Time ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
3D Print ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Dimensional Printing

Abstract BACKGROUND Currently, implantation of patient-specific cranial prostheses requires reoperation after a period for design and formulation by a third-party manufacturer. Recently, 3-dimensional (3D) printing via fused deposition modeling has demonstrated increased ease of use, rapid production time, and significantly reduced costs, enabling expanded potential for surgical application. Three-dimensional printing may allow neurosurgeons to remove bone, perform a rapid intraoperative scan of the opening, and 3D print custom cranioplastic prostheses during the remainder of the procedure. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the feasibility of using a commercially available 3D printer to develop and produce on-demand intraoperative patient-specific cranioplastic prostheses in real time and assess the associated costs, fabrication time, and technical difficulty. METHODS Five different craniectomies were each fashioned on 3 cadaveric specimens (6 sides) to sample regions with varying topography, size, thickness, curvature, and complexity. Computed tomography-based cranioplastic implants were designed, formulated, and implanted. Accuracy of development and fabrication, as well as implantation ability and fit, integration with exiting fixation devices, and incorporation of integrated seamless fixation plates were qualitatively evaluated. RESULTS All cranioprostheses were successfully designed and printed. Average time for design, from importation of scan data to initiation of printing, was 14.6 min and average print time for all cranioprostheses was 108.6 min. CONCLUSION On-demand 3D printing of cranial prostheses is a simple, feasible, inexpensive, and rapid solution that may help improve cosmetic outcomes; significantly reduce production time and cost—expanding availability; eliminate the need for reoperation in select cases, reducing morbidity; and has the potential to decrease perioperative complications including infection and resorption.

Use of polymer concrete for large-scale 3D printing

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-474
Author(s):  
Martin Krčma ◽  
David Škaroupka ◽  
Petr Vosynek ◽  
Tomáš Zikmund ◽  
Jozef Kaiser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Polymer Concrete ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Cast State ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
3D Printed

Purpose This paper aims to focus on the evaluation of a polymer concrete as a three-dimensional (3D) printing material. An associated company has developed plastic concrete made from reused unrecyclable plastic waste. Its intended use is as a construction material. Design/methodology/approach The concrete mix, called PolyBet, composed of polypropylene and glass sand, is printed by the fused deposition modelling process. The process of material and parameter selection is described. The mechanical properties of the filled material were compared to its cast state. Samples were made from castings and two different orientations of 3D-printed parts. Three-point flex tests were carried out, and the area of the break was examined. Computed tomography of the samples was carried out. Findings The influence of the 3D printing process on the material was evaluated. The mechanical performance of the longitudinal samples was close to the cast state. There was a difference in the failure mode between the states, with cast parts exhibiting a tougher behaviour, with fractures propagating in a stair-like manner. The 3D-printed samples exhibited high degrees of porosity. Originality/value The results suggest that the novel material is a good fit for 3D printing, with little to no degradation caused by the process. Layer adhesion was shown to be excellent, with negligible effect on the finished part for the longitudinal orientation. That means, if large-scale testing of buildability is successful, the material is a good fit for additive manufacturing of building components and other large-scale structures.

scholarly journals Tensile and Bending Strength Improvements in PEEK Parts Using Fused Deposition Modelling 3D Printing Considering Multi-Factor Coupling

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Li ◽  
Yan Lou
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Molded Parts ◽  
Injection Molded ◽  
Printing Direction

Compared with laser-based 3D printing, fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D printing technology is simple and safe to operate and has a low cost and high material utilization rate; thus, it is widely used. In order to promote the application of FDM 3D printing, poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK) was used as a printing material to explore the effect of multi-factor coupling such as different printing temperatures, printing directions, printing paths, and layer thicknesses on the tensile strength, bending strength, crystallinity, and grain size of FDM printed PEEK parts. The aim was to improve the mechanical properties of the 3D printed PEEK parts and achieve the same performance as the injection molded counterparts. The results show that when the thickness of the printed layer is 0.1 mm and the printing path is 180° horizontally at 525 °C, the tensile strength of the sample reaches 87.34 MPa, and the elongation reaches 38%, which basically exceeds the tensile properties of PEEK printed parts reported in previous studies and is consistent with the tensile properties of PEEK injection molded parts. When the thickness of the printed layer is 0.3 mm, the printing path is 45°, and with vertical printing direction at a printing temperature of 525 °C, the bending strength of the sample reaches 159.2 MPa, which exceeds the bending performance of injection molded parts by 20%. It was also found that the greater the tensile strength of the printed specimen, the more uniform the size of each grain, and the higher the crystallinity of the material. The highest crystallinity exceeded 30%, which reached the crystallinity of injection molded parts.

Mollusk-Inspired 3D Printing of Polycarbonate via Fused Deposition Modelling

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajendra Goud ◽  
Ramdayal Yadav ◽  
Xungai Wang ◽  
Minoo Naebe ◽  
Balasubramanian Kandasubramanian
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Fused Deposition
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