scholarly journals Decorative concrete on white cement: resource provision, technology, properties and cost-effectiveness

2018 ◽  
Vol 212 ◽  
pp. 01023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasily Vorobchuk ◽  
Maria Matveeva ◽  
Artem Peshkov
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Special Kind ◽  
Physicomechanical Properties ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
White Cement ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Experimental Researches

Decorative concrete refers to a special kind of concrete. Products made of decorative concrete must meet, in addition to the increased requirements for appearance, certain architectural expressiveness and also certain indicators for strength, durability, and environmental friendliness. In addition, one should strive to reduce the cost of both decorative concrete and products made of such concrete. The analysis is carried out, experimental researches of qualitative indicators of industrial man-caused wastes are also studied: carbide lime, fluoride, sludge-lignin, their material and chemical composition. The possibility of using the analyzed industrial wastes as raw materials for production of white and color cements is established. The physicomechanical properties of the obtained cements and decorative concretes on their basis are studied, the economic efficiency of the proposed technology is determined.

scholarly journals Investigation of the process of production of crafted beer with spicy and aromatic raw materials

10.5219/1183 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 806-814
Author(s):  
Marija Zheplinska ◽  
Mikhailo Mushtruk ◽  
Volodymyr Vasyliv ◽  
Olena Deviatko
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Volumetric Fraction ◽  
Craft Beer ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Water Alcohol

This scientific work demonstrates the stages of the process of inspiring the spicy aromatic raw materials of Badian, which is added to the craft beer in the process of its digestion. In addition, the work shows an analysis of the composition of spicy aromatic raw materials which will be used as an additive. The research proves the rational quantity and concentration of alcoholic spiro-aromatic raw materials for beer and determines the effect of alcoholic spiro-aromatic raw materials on beer indices. We have clarified the organoleptic and physicochemical parameters of beer with spicy aromatic raw materials Badian and composition based on infusions of Badian and cinnamon. As a result, we received water-alcohol infusions of spicy aromatic raw materials and developed new types of beer on their basis. On the basis of the conducted studies, the regression equation of the dependence of the content of actual dry substances and the volumetric fraction of alcohol from the change in the amount of spray-aromatic raw material and alcohol concentration in the alcohol-alcoholic infusion of spin-aromatic raw materials was obtained. In addition, we conducted calculations on the cost-effectiveness of adding these types of spiced aromatic raw materials to beer.

High-Strength Concretes Based on Multicomponent Binding and Fractionated Aggregates from Waste from Processing of Subsurface Rocks

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 49-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.-A.Yu. Murtazaev ◽  
M.Sh. Salamanova ◽  
M.S. Saidumov ◽  
A.Kh. Alaskhanov
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Ecological Situation ◽  
Secondary Raw Materials ◽  
Technogenic Raw Materials

A review of the use of industrial wastes in our country and abroad was conducted, and prospects for using man-made raw materials at the Grozny CHP and wastes of subsurface rocks crushing were considered. The analysis of the results of the conducted research is carried out, which showed that secondary technogenic raw materials can successfully compete and replace exhaustible natural resources, since the chemical composition and qualitative parameters of the materials under study confirm its uniqueness and, moreover, there is can see a solution of environmental problems. The formulation of multicomponent binders and concretes based on fine-dispersed ash microspheres and enriched artificial aggregates promoted recycling of secondary raw materials and improvement of the ecological situation in the region.

scholarly journals Selection of compositions of ceramic masses based on industrial wastes using mathematical planning methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 14017
Author(s):  
Khungianos Yavruyan ◽  
Evgeniy Gaishun ◽  
Vladimir Kotlyar ◽  
Irina Serebryanaya ◽  
Anastasiya Filippova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Mathematical Planning ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Ceramic Blocks ◽  
Planning Methods ◽  
Technogenic Raw Materials ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Selection Of

This paper reviews the issue of selecting the compositions of ceramic masses for the production of ceramic blocks made out of technogenic raw materials of a coal series using the methods of mathematical planning. The possibility of replacing classic clay raw materials with non-traditional coal technogenic raw materials (screenings of heaps), which are formed during the processing of heaps with the aim of extracting coal, is considered. The reasons for the growing interest in this technogenic raw material were the reduction of the base of high-quality clay raw materials, the large number of accumulated heaps, as well as the need to reduce the cost of production of ceramic blocks.

Agro-industrial wastes for biotechnological production as potential substrates to obtain fungal enzymes

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. e72
Author(s):  
Jéssica Crecencio Matei ◽  
João Arthur dos Santos Oliveira ◽  
João Alencar Pamphile ◽  
Julio Cesar Polonio
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Biotechnological Production ◽  
Fungal Enzymes ◽  
Economic Production ◽  
The Cost ◽  
By Products

Agro-industrial wastes contain high moisture content and are rich in nutrients, and can be used as useful substrates by microbes with the supplementation of nitrogen sources, thus providing an alternative tool for the industrial production of many products of economic value, such as enzymes for example. These are proteins that function as biological catalysts, responsible for carrying out various biochemical reactions, being applied in detergent, food, paper and cellulose, cosmetics, textile industries, etc. However, they are expensive raw materials, and it is worth noting that an important part of the cost of manufacturing enzymes is mainly due to the expense of means and fermentation processes. Thus, to minimize the cost of this production and in order to reduce the degradation of the environment due to agricultural waste, a variety of microorganisms and agro-industrial “by-products” can be used to facilitate the economic production of enzymes.Therefore, in this work, a review was carried out on agro-industrial residues and the main enzymes in the industrial market, as well as the use of these materials as sources to obtain enzymes produced by fungi.

scholarly journals Utilization of Several Industrial Wastes as Raw Material for Calcium Sulfoaluminate Cement

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 3319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phongthorn Julphunthong ◽  
Panuwat Joyklad
Keyword(s):  
Phase Composition ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Calcium Sulfoaluminate ◽  
Calcination Temperatures ◽  
Setting Times ◽  
Marble Dust

The aim of this research was to study the production of calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA) cement from several industrial waste materials including with marble dust waste, flue gas desulfurization gypsum, ceramics dust waste, and napier grass ash. The chemical composition, microstructure, and phase composition of raw materials were examined using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. All raw wastes were analyzed using their chemical composition to assign proportion for raw mixture. The raw mixture is calcined at controlled calcination temperatures ranging from 1200 °C to 1300 °C for 30 min. Subsequently, with analysis, their phase composition is calculated by the Rietveld refinement technique. The results suggested that phase composition of clinker calcined at 1250 °C shows the closest composition when compared to target phases, and was selected to prepare CSA cement. The FTIR analysis was performed to study the hydration processes of CSA cement. The Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) based with adding CSA cement between 20 wt.% and 40 wt.% were investigated for the effect of CSA cement fraction on water requirement, setting times and compressive strength. The results showed that rapid setting and high early strength can be achieved by the addition of 20–40 wt.% CSA cement to OPC.

scholarly journals DEPENDENCE OF WHITENESS OF DECORATIVE SLAG-ALKALINE CEMENT FROM THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF BLAST-FURNACE SLAGS

2021 ◽  
pp. 58-66
Author(s):  
P.V. Krivenko ◽  
◽  
A.G. Gelevera ◽  
A.Yu. Kovalchuk ◽  
N.V. Rogozina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Iron Oxides ◽  
High Strength ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
High Adhesion ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Cost ◽  
White Portland Cement

The construction industry is demanding more and more quality decorative cements. The demand for them and the requirements for their performance are constantly growing. But since decorative cements are based on white Portland cement, their production is associated with the disadvantages of the production of all clinker cements  low environmental friendliness, high energy consumption and high prices. They are not always able to provide decorative ecological and comfortable coatings with increased performance. In addition, many countries do not produce it and have to import it. An effective alternative to decorative clinker cements can be decorative slag-alkaline cement obtained from industrial waste. It also provides a number of special properties  a wide range of colors, color fastness, high strength, high adhesion, durability and many others. But the problem associated with the use of slag-alkaline cements as decorative cements with high linen ( 70%) is the unstable chemical composition of the slag and, first of all, the different presence of iron oxides in it. It is shown that the presence of iron oxides can reduce the whiteness of decorative slag-alkaline cements due to the synthesis of compounds in them, which give the samples of blue-green color and due to the presence of iron oxides proper, which are inherent in color from brown to dark brown. The paper shows the regularities of the influence of the chemical composition of blast-furnace slags on the whiteness of an artificial slag-alkaline stone. Possibilities of obtaining decorative alkali-activated cements with a wide range of whiteness  from 70 to 97% are shown. Methods of reducing the cost of slag-alkaline decorative cements by using a complex bleaching additive, where part of the expensive TiO2 can be replaced by kaolin or CaCO3, are shown. A new method for determining the whiteness of hardened materials is proposed.

scholarly journals Fuel Cells Based on Natural Polysaccharides for Rail Vehicle Application

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1144
Author(s):  
Paweł Daszkiewicz ◽  
Beata Kurc ◽  
Marita Pigłowska ◽  
Maciej Andrzejewski
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
Innovative Methods ◽  
Rail Vehicles ◽  
Independent Power Supply ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
The Cost

This manuscript shows the use of natural polysaccharides such as starch and cellulose as a carbon source for fuel cells. To achieve this, two innovative methods of obtaining hydrogen have been shown: by adsorption and by enzyme. The carbonization path of the material results in excellent sorption properties and allows gas with high efficiency to be obtained. The enzymatic method for the degradation of the compound is more expensive because specific enzymes (such as laccase, tyrosinase) must be used, but it allows greater control of the properties of the obtained material. A scientific novelty is the use of natural raw materials, the use of which increases the biodegradability of the electrochemical system and also reduces the cost of raw materials and increases the range of their acquisition. Energy should be generated where it is used. Another goal is decentralization, and thanks to the proposed solutions, hydrogen cells represent an innovative alternative to today’s energy giants—also for independent power supply to households. The proposed harvesting paths are intended to drive rail vehicles in order to reduce emissions and secondary pollution of the environment. The goals of both methods were easy recycling, high efficiency, increased environmental friendliness, low cost and a short hydrogen production path.

scholarly journals Secondary Use of Raw Materials in Food Sector Enterprises in Poland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Zdyb
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Food Sector ◽  
Secondary Use ◽  
Telephone Interviews ◽  
Closing The Loop ◽  
The Cost ◽  
By Products

Circular economy (CE) nowadays has a significant impact on economic development. Reusing by-products is one of the key components of the CE paradigm, particularly important in industries using biological raw materials for production. This subject is widely discussed in many publications in the field of economics, while the practical use is scarcely described. The aim of the study was to verify whether companies operating on the Polish food industry market are re-using by-products for further production, what are the benefits of such an approach and whether if it’s time for a new way of managing by-products. Computer-assisted telephone interviews were conducted to verify opinions about the cost-effectiveness and competitiveness of enterprises in terms of reusing by-products and closing loop in production. The study covered 100 food industry companies. The most important conclusions are: (1) 92% of companies reuse by-products, (2) CE principles contribute to the improvement of competitiveness and cost-effectiveness, (3) 21% of companies are planning investments that will enable "closing the loop". There are processes in the analyzed sector that indicates increasing interest in implementing the principles of the CE by production companies.

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