scholarly journals Thermodynamic Investigation of Titanium Hydride Formation from Reduction of Titanium (Ⅳ) Chloride with Magnesium Hydride in Presence of Hydrogen Atmosphere

2020 ◽  
Vol 321 ◽  
pp. 07014
Author(s):  
Mohammad Rezaei Ardani ◽  
Ahmad Fauzi Mohd Noor ◽  
Sheikh Abdul Rezan Sheikh Abdul Hamid ◽  
Abdul Rahman Mohamed ◽  
Hooi Ling Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Titanium Hydride ◽  
Titanium Powder ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Hydrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Major Product ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ball Milling Time

Thermodynamic assessment and experimental investigation for formation of titanium hydride (TiH2) from reduction of titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) with magnesium hydride (MgH2) were carried out under hydrogen atmosphere. In this method, TiH2 production at low temperature was investigated, which can be used for further dehydrogenation process in titanium powder metallurgy. The effects of temperature, time, amount of titanium trifluoride (TiF3) as catalyst, and ball milling time of MgH2 on reduction process were evaluated. The range of each parameters were set to 250-350°C for temperature, 2-4 hr for reaction time, 4-10 wt% for TiF3, and 1-2 hr for ball milling time. The phase transformations after reduction process were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyziz. The morphology of powders was analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that titanium trichloride (TiCl3) was formed as major product in experiments for the above conditions. However, with increasing the reaction time above 10hr, characterization study of the final products confirmed the formation of TiH2 as major product. Our findings indicated that producing of TiH2 from reduction of TiCl4 with MgH2 at low temperature was feasible and could lead to low cost synthesis method for TiH2 for titanium powder production.

Different Cr Contents in Nanostructured Fe-Ni-Cr Alloys Prepared by Mechanical Alloying

2012 ◽  
Vol 531-532 ◽  
pp. 437-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi He ◽  
Tao Liu ◽  
Jian Liang Xie
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Mechanical Alloying ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
Lattice Distortion ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
Nanocrystalline Powders ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ball Milling Time ◽  
Scanning Electron

Fe-Ni-Cr alloy powders with the different components were prepared by Mechanical Alloying (MA). The phase structure, grain size, micro-strain and lattice distortion were determined with X-ray diffraction. The morphology and particle size of the powders were observed and analyzed using a field emission scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the Fe-Ni-Cr nanocrystalline powders could be obtained by MA. The ball milling time could be reduced with increasing amount of Cr, resulting the formation of Fe-Ni-Cr powders. With the increasing amount of Cr, the speed of Ni diffusion to Fe lattice approaching saturation became more rapid. The particle size got smaller as the ball milling went further; the extent of micro-strain and distortion of lattice intensified; the solid solubility of Ni and Cr in Fe was increased. Finally the super-saturated solid solution of Fe was obtained.

scholarly journals IDENTIFIKASI PERUBAHAN MINERAL SELAMA PROSES PEMANASAN PELET KOMPOSIT NIKEL DENGAN ANALISIS DIFRAKSI SINAR X ( IDENTIFICATION OF MINERAL CHANGES DURING HEATING OF NICKEL COMPOSITE USING X-RAY DIFFRACTION ANALYSIS )

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
Nur Vita Permatasari ◽  
Adji Kawigraha ◽  
Abdul Hapid ◽  
Nurhadi Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Diffraction Analysis ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Composite Pellet ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Ore Processing ◽  
Mineral Changes

Logam nikel didapat dari proses pengolahan bijih nikel yang salah satunya adalah saprolit. Pada penelitian ini proses reduksi pelet komposit yang merupakan masa campuran bijih nikel serta batubara kadar rendah dan bahan tambahan dilakukan dalam tungku tabung. Proses reduksi dilakukan pada temperatur 450 °C, 700 °C serta 1100 °C selama 0 jam. Proses reduksi juga dilakukan pada temperatur yang lebih tinggi yaitu 1300 °C namun dengan pemanasan terlebih dahulu pada temperatur 700 °C dan ditahan pada 1 jam dan 2 jam. Produk pelet komposit dianalisis dengan metode difraksi sinar X untuk mengetahui kandungan mineralnya. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pemanasan pelet komposit menyebabkan terjadinya perubahan warna dari warna coklat menjadi abu-abu. Pemanasan juga menyebabkan terjadinya perubahan komposisi mineral dari masing-masing pelet. Mineral-mineral yang terdapat dalam pelet komposit dan produknya adalah antigorit, klinoklor, kuarsa, enstatit, forsterit,gutit, hematit, magnetit, nikel dan besi. Pemanasan pelet pada temperatur rendah yang lebih lama akan menghasilkan jumlah logam besi yang lebih rendah. Nickel is obtained from saprolite through nickel ore processing. In this study, reduction of composite pellet has been done in a tube furnace. The pellet comsist of nickel ore, coal and additive. The reduction process carried out at 450˚C, 700˚C and 1100˚C for 0 hour. Moreover the reduction is also carried out at 700 °C during 1 and 2 hours followed by heating at 1300˚C for 2 and 1 hours. Reduction product was analyzed by X-Ray diffraction to determine the mineral content. The results indicate that the heating causing color changes from red brown to gray. Heating changes the mineral composition of the pellet. The minerals are antigorite, clinoclore, quartz, enstatite, forsterite, goethite, hematite, magnetite, nickel and iron. Heating the pellets at low temperature longer will produce lower iron.

scholarly journals Preparation, Characterization, and Activity Evaluation of CuO/F-TiO2Photocatalyst

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang Jinfeng ◽  
Yang Yunguang ◽  
Liu Wei
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
Photocatalytic Oxidation ◽  
Diffuse Reflectance ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Ball Milling Time

CuO/F-TiO2nanoparticle photocatalyst was prepared by ball milling. The photocatalyst was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and photoluminescence emission spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity was evaluated by photocatalytic oxidation of rhodamine B and reduction of Cr2O7 2−. The results showed that, for F-TiO2photocatalyst, the photooxidation activity increases remarkably with the increasing amount of NH4F up to 1.0 g, and the photoreduction activity decreases gradually with the increase in the amounts of NH4F. For the CuO/F-TiO2photocatalyst, the photoreduction activity increases greatly with the increase in the amount of doped p-CuO up to 1.0 wt.%, and the photooxidation activity decreases rapidly with the increase in the amounts of doped p-CuO. Compared with pure TiO2, the photoabsorption wavelength range of the CuO/F-TiO2and F-TiO2photocatalysts red shifts and improves the utilization of the total spectrum. The effect of ball milling time on the photocatalytic activity of the photocatalysts was also investigated. The mechanisms of influence on the photocatalytic activity of the photocatalysts were also discussed.

Quantitative Evaluation of Interstitial Elements in the Processing of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy by Powder Metallurgy

2012 ◽  
Vol 727-728 ◽  
pp. 374-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.L.G. Petroni ◽  
V.A.R. Henriques ◽  
M.S.M. Paula ◽  
C.A.A. Cairo
Keyword(s):  
Powder Metallurgy ◽  
Titanium Hydride ◽  
Titanium Powder ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Reactivity ◽  
Holding Time ◽  
Carbon Absorption ◽  
Interstitial Elements

The use of hydride powders in titanium powder metallurgy (P/M) is a low cost alternative for the manufacture of titanium alloys. However, due to the high reactivity of these powders, parts produced using this technique may contain interstitial impurities such as oxygen, nitrogen and carbon. In this work a factorial design approach was used to evaluate the influence of some stages of P/M upon the levels of these elements in sintered samples of Ti-6Al-4V. Milling time of titanium hydride powders, sintering temperature and holding time were evaluated. The effect of milling time was detected as the most significant for the increase in oxygen levels. The contents of all elements were affected by the increase of sintering temperature from 1200 °C to 1400 °C. Holding time was shown to be significant only for the carbon absorption in the samples sintered at 1400 °C.

IR Reflectivity Studies of Mechanically Alloyed PbTe Nanocrystals

2009 ◽  
Vol 1166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Ch. Hasapis ◽  
Chrysi Papageorgiou ◽  
Euripides Hatzikraniotis ◽  
Theodora Kyratsi ◽  
Konstantinos M Paraskevopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Ball Mill ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
Lead Telluride ◽  
High Energy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Mechanically Alloyed ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Nano Crystalline ◽  
Diffraction Peaks ◽  
Ball Milling Time

AbstractNano-crystalline lead telluride powder was synthesized by mechanical alloying using a high-energy planetary ball mill. The broadening of the X-ray diffraction peaks vs ball milling time, indicates small crystalline size of the order of 30nm. IR spectroscopy results are discussed and compared to the material prepared from melt.

scholarly journals Mechanical properties of the Al-Mg/MWCNTs composite powders: The effects of ball milling process parameters

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Ahmadian
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Composite Powders ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ball Milling Process ◽  
Carbon Nano Tubes ◽  
Ball Milling Time

Abstract The effects of multi-walled carbon nano-tubes (MWCNTs) and the ball milling parameters on the mechanical properties of the Al-Mg alloy powders were investigated. Three different composite powders were synthesized through ball-milling process at different time and milling rates. The microstructural and phase analyses were carried out via scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, respectively. The results indicated that increasing the ball-milling time and rate would lead to the formation of finer particles, which consequently intensifies the plastic deformation and then, results in lower crystallite size. The morphological investigations indicated that while the MWCNTs agglomerates in lower milling rates, increased milling rate not only improve the distribution of the MWCNTs, but also decreases the length of the nano-tubes and promotes their diffusion into Al-Mg matrix. The formation of Al-Mg intermetallic phases through the ball-milling process of the composite powders was also confirmed via microstructural investigations.

scholarly journals SIFAT MAGNETIK DAN UKURAN PARTIKEL MAGNETIK SERTA KOMPOSISI MATERIAL PASIR BESI PANTAI KATA PARIAMAN SUMATERA BARAT DI SINTESA DENGAN IRON SAND SEPARATOR DAN BALL MILLING

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salomo Salomo ◽  
Erwin Erwin ◽  
Usman Malik ◽  
Sandra Utama Putra
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Size Particle ◽  
Particle Size Analyzer ◽  
Ball Milling Time

Research on influence of Ball Milling time on magnetic properties composition and particle size of iron sand has been studied by Iron Sand Separator. The sampel was collected Kata beach Pariaman West Sumatera. Magnetic properties was studied using a solenoid wound with 2000 turns, length of 10 cm, and diameter 3 cm. Composition of the sample was studied by X-Ray Fluorescence, while particle size of the sample was studied by Particle Size Analyzer. The results showed that the size particle is 99,14 μm, 96,59 μm, and 93,34μm after processing by Ball Milling of 3, 5, and 7 hours respectively. The composition of the sample after being processed by Ball Milling of 7 hours is 12,2% and 47,387% respectively. More over, mass suseptibility of the sample increased after being processed by Ball Milling from 873,62 x 10-8 m3/Kg to 14.576,52 x 10-8 m3/Kg. These values are interval of ilmenite mineral (46 x 10-8 – 80.000 x 10-8) m3/Kg.

Low temperature x-ray microanalysis of frozen-hydrated tobacco leaves

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 284-285
Author(s):  
S. Edith Taylor ◽  
Patrick Echlin ◽  
May McKoon ◽  
Thomas L. Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Lemna Minor ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Tobacco Leaves ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Whole Cells ◽  
Carbon Coated ◽  
The Right ◽  
Beam Currents ◽  
The University

Low temperature x-ray microanalysis (LTXM) of solid biological materials has been documented for Lemna minor L. root tips. This discussion will be limited to a demonstration of LTXM for measuring relative elemental distributions of P,S,Cl and K species within whole cells of tobacco leaves.Mature Wisconsin-38 tobacco was grown in the greenhouse at the University of California, Berkeley and picked daily from the mid-stalk position (leaf #9). The tissue was excised from the right of the mid rib and rapidly frozen in liquid nitrogen slush. It was then placed into an Amray biochamber and maintained at 103K. Fracture faces of the tissue were prepared and carbon-coated in the biochamber. The prepared sample was transferred from the biochamber to the Amray 1000A SEM equipped with a cold stage to maintain low temperatures at 103K. Analyses were performed using a tungsten source with accelerating voltages of 17.5 to 20 KV and beam currents from 1-2nA.

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