scholarly journals A tri-phasic continuum model for the numerical analysis of biological tissue proliferation using the Theory of Porous Media: Application to cardiac remodelling in rheumatic heart disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 347 ◽  
pp. 00015
Author(s):  
Adam Mosam ◽  
Sebastian Skatulla ◽  
Ntobeko Ntusi
Keyword(s):  
Porous Media ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Rheumatic Heart Disease ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Biological Tissue ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Theory Of Porous Media ◽  
Therapeutic Concepts ◽  
Rheumatic Heart

This research is part of an on-going project aimed at describing the mechanotransduction of rheumatic heart disease (RHD), in order to study long-term effects of new therapeutic concepts to treat inflammatory heart diseases and ultimately, estimate their effectiveness to prevent heart failure. RHD is a condition which is mostly common amongst low-income countries and accounts for approximately 250 000 deaths per annum. The Theory of Porous Media (TPM) can represent the proliferative growth and remodelling processes related to RHD within a thermodynamically consistent framework and is additionally advantageous with application to biological tissue due to the ability to couple multiple constituents. The research presented will extend an existing biphasic TPM model for the solid cardiac tissue (solid phase) saturated in a blood and interstitial fluid (liquid phase) [1], to a triphasic model with the inclusion of a third nutrient phase towards growth. This inclusion is motivated by the reason to constrain the volume of the liquid phase within the system in response to the description of growth, which is modelled through a mass exchange between the solid phase and liquid phase within the biphasic model. Although the nutrient phase acts as a source for growth, the proposed mass supply function used to correlate the deposition of sarcomeres in relation to growth is predominantly mechanically driven and bears no connection to any biochemical constituent, which therefore renders the nutrient phase as a physiologically arbitrary quantity. However, the provision of the nutrient phase is a platform for the inclusion of known constituents which actively contribute towards growth, which may be explored in future research. The triphasic model is applied to a full cardiac cycle of a left ventricle model, extracted from cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) scans of patients diagnosed with RHD.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Pattern of Rheumatic Heart Disease among Reproductive Age Group Female

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (01) ◽  
pp. 43-46
Author(s):  
Manoj Shrestha ◽  
Prakash Aryal
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Rheumatic Heart Disease ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Reproductive Age Group ◽  
Rheumatic Heart

INTRODUCTION Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) remains a major public health problem in developing countries. In low income countries RHD accounts for approximately 90% of all cardiovascular disease among pregnant women. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence and pattern of RHD among reproductive age group women presenting to a tertiary care teaching hospital in Central Nepal. MATERIAL AND METHODS Prospective observational study was carried out in College of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital, Bharatpur, Nepal from January 2019 to December 2019 by doing transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) of reproductive age group females (n=800) from 15 years to 45 years of age. The data were collected in pre-structured proforma. RESULTS Out of 800 patients, RHD was present in 46 (5.75%) patients. The incidence of RHD was found to be highest in the age group of 30-35 years 13 (28.3%) and the mean age of presentation was 29.24 years. Mitral valve was the most common valve involvement and mitral regurgitation 37 (80.4%) was the most common valvular dysfunction present in patients with RHD. CONCLUSION The prevalence of RHD among reproductive age group female is high and mitral valve is the most commonly affected valve.

Abstract 18513: School-based Rheumatic Heart Disease Education Results in Improved Knowledge - Data From the PROVAR Study

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 132 (suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno R Nascimento ◽  
Andrea Z Beaton ◽  
Graziela Chequer ◽  
Kaciane K Bruno ◽  
Cassio O Miri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Knowledge Transfer ◽  
Rheumatic Heart Disease ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Median Score ◽  
Educational Curriculum ◽  
School Based ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Rheumatic Heart

Introduction: Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD) remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality in Brazil and other low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). Lack of public awareness of the causes and prevention of RHD limit the efficacy of primary and secondary prevention programs. Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of knowledge transfer that results from a structured public-school educational program on RHD. Methods: A prospective, cohort study was conducted over 7 months (9/2014-3/2015) in 5 randomly selected low-income public schools in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. All enrolled and present students received education. A nurse and an imaging technician utilized two custom structured educational curriculums, targeting children in grades 6 - 11 (aged 11-17). Pre-tests, taken immediately prior to educational curriculum queried students’ knowledge of the causes, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of RHD. Post-tests, 1-3 weeks following education assessed the efficacy of knowledge transfer and retention. Results: The educational curriculum was delivered to 3200 students. One-third of these (1025) were randomly selected to participate in pre- and post-testing including 403 (39%) in 6th/7th grades (G1), 360 (35%) in 8th/9th (G2), and 261 (26%) of in 10th/11th grades (G3). The mean interval between pre-test and post-test was 10±10 days. Prior to the intervention, general knowledge regarding RHD was universally low (median score 46.7%, 40.0-60.0). Children in higher grades (G3) knew more about RHD than those in lower grades (60% vs. 40.0% G1/46.7% G2), p<0.001. Children showed significant gains in the post-test, raising the median score by 20 percent (60%, 40.0-73.3). Again, children in the higher grades showed higher overall scores (73%, 60.0-80.0 G3; 56.7%, 40.0-73.3 G2; 53.3%, 33.3-66.7 G1), p<0.001. However, the percent increase was similar between groups (6.8% G1, 6.8% G2, 8.5% G3), p=0.47. Conclusions: School-based RHD education resulted in consistent but modest gains in knowledge. Novel educational techniques and use of technology to engage young learners may lead to improved knowledge gains and retention. Further studies are needed to determine if increased knowledge leads to behavioral changes that could decrease the burden of RHD in LMIC.

scholarly journals Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Diseases in Bangladesh: Challenges and Remedies

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Arifur Rahman ◽  
Afzalur Rahman ◽  
Syed Nasir Uddin ◽  
AKM Monwarul Islam ◽  
Tariq Ahmed Chowdhury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Rheumatic Fever ◽  
Rheumatic Heart Disease ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
High Income ◽  
Neglected Diseases ◽  
Marginalized Communities ◽  
Children And Young Adults ◽  
Rheumatic Heart

In the 21st century, Rheumatic fever (RF) and Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) are neglected diseases of marginalized communities. Globally, RHD remains the most-common cardiovascular disease in young people aged <25 years. Although RF and RHD have been almost eradicated in areas with established economies, migration from low-income to high-income settings might be responsible for a new burden of RHD in high-income countries. Globally, the prevalence of rheumatic fever (RF) and rheumatic heart disease (RHD) has declined sharply but, in developing countries, RF is still aleading cause of heart disease and, consequently, death in children and young adults. In 2005, it was estimated that over 2.4 million children aged 5-14 years were having RHD globally and 79% of all these cases were from lessdeveloped countries.Cardiovasc. j. 2018; 10(2): 206-211

scholarly journals Integrating the prevention and control of rheumatic heart disease into country health systems: a systematic review protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. e028908
Author(s):  
Jessica Abrams ◽  
David Watkins ◽  
Leila H Abdullahi ◽  
Mark E Engel ◽  
Liesl J Zuhlke
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Rheumatic Heart Disease ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Health Planning ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Rheumatic Heart

IntroductionRheumatic heart disease (RHD) is a preventable chronic condition affecting the valves of the heart. RHD prevention and care programmes have historically originated in more developed countries, implemented in a targeted (or vertical) manner and evaluated using non-controlled approaches. Taking a broad view of the integration of RHD activities within the whole system is critical for health planning in low-income regions with a high burden of RHD and less robust health systems. Therefore, we propose to conduct a systematic review to assess RHD programme models in order to gain a better understanding of the extent of integration within relevant health systems.Methods and analysisA predefined search strategy will be used to search for relevant articles published in English from January 1990 to December 2017. Electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Africa Wide, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Google Scholar and Global Index Medicus will be searched, as well as reference lists of relevant articles published. A standardised data extraction form will be used to obtain information for analysis from the included studies. The quality, reliability and risk of bias of included studies will be assessed using design-specific criteria. Programme integration will be analysed according to stewardship and governance, financing, planning, service delivery, monitoring and evaluation, and demand generation. Programme inputs, outputs and impact will also be described.Ethics and disseminationNo ethical approval is required. Findings will be disseminated in a peer-review journal in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42017076307

Child and teacher acceptability of school-based echocardiographic screening for rheumatic heart disease in Uganda

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Ploutz ◽  
Twalib Aliku ◽  
Tyler Bradley-Hewitt ◽  
Andrea Dantin ◽  
Bethan Lemley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Rheumatic Heart Disease ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Screening Process ◽  
School Based ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Receive Treatment ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Rheumatic Heart

AbstractIntroductionRheumatic heart disease causes substantial morbidity in children in low-income countries. School-based echocardiographic screening has been suggested as a means to identify children with latent disease; however, little is known about the experience of children and teachers participating in screenings. The aim of our study was to assess students’ and teachers’ experience of school-based echocardiographic screening and identify areas for improvement.Materials and methodsA school-based echocardiographic screening programme was conducted in five schools in Northern Uganda in 2013. After 8 months, an age- and gender-stratified population that included 5% of the participating students and teachers completed a questionnaire via an in-person interview. Responses were reviewed by question and coded to identify key themes.ResultsA total of 255 students (mean 10.7 years; 48% male) and 35 teachers participated in our study. In total, 95% of the students and 100% of the teachers were happy to have participated in the screening; however, students reported feeling scared (35%) and nervous (48%) during the screening process. Programmatic strengths included the following: knowing one’s health status, opportunity to receive treatment, and staff interactions. Although 43% of the patients did not suggest a change with open-ended questioning, concerns regarding privacy, fear of the screening process, and a desire to include others in the community were noted.DiscussionSchool-based echocardiographic rheumatic heart disease screening was well received by students and teachers. Future programmes would likely benefit from improved pre-screening education regarding the screening process and diagnosis of rheumatic heart disease. Furthermore, education of teachers and students could improve screening perception and establish realistic expectations regarding the scope of screening.

scholarly journals Pattern of Valvular Involvement in Rheumatic Heart Disease Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Western Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ram Chandra Kafle ◽  
Vijay Madhab Alurkar ◽  
Navaraj Paudel ◽  
Girija Shankar Jha
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Rheumatic Heart Disease ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Rheumatic Heart

Background and Amis: Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD) is among the commonest diseases of young adults in low-income countries like Nepal. Mitral and aortic valves are more commonly affected than others in RHD. Echocardiography is simple and cost effective tool to identify the patterns of valvular involvement that helps in diagnosis and determines the timing of surgery. This study aimed at determining the pattern of RHD in patients who underwent Echocardiography in a tertiary care hospital of western Nepal.Methods: A retrospective analysis of trans-thoracic echocardiographic record of patients from January 2009 to December 2015 was done. Data were collected in a pre-structured proforma and analyzed.Results: Among 12567 echocardiography, 609 (4.84%) were recorded to have RHD including post valve replacement patients. Females predominated with male to female ratio of 1:2.8. Most patients, 308 (50%) belonged to age group of 21-40 years. The commonest isolated lesion was mitral regurgitation (MR) in 119 (26.21%) patients followed by mitral stenosis (MS) in 31(6.82%) patients. The commonest mixed lesion was MS with MR and aortic regurgitation (AR) seen in 99 (21.8%). The frequency of atrial fibrillation (AF) and stroke was 18% and 3% respectively in RHD patientsConclusions: The proportion of RHD was high in our study. Majority of RHD patients were females of reproductive age group. The commonest lesion was MR followed by mixed valvular lesions.Nepalese Heart Journal 2016; 13(2): 29-31

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document