scholarly journals Investigation on form and energy use of the rural residences in Beijing and surrounding cold areas under the self-sufficiency perspective

2022 ◽  
Vol 355 ◽  
pp. 02072
Author(s):  
Wei Gao ◽  
Mei Zhao ◽  
Huihua Li
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Design Theory ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Rural Residence ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Form Function ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Rural Residences ◽  
Research And Design ◽  
Heating Technology

As a design theory on energy-saving housing, Self-sufficiency house is suited to the environment conditions of cold rural areas in China. Investigation on the rural residence form and energy use is the important foundation to carry out the research and design practice on self-sufficiency house. Taking Beijing and its surrounding rural areas as target, the paper combs current situation and technical requirements of rural residence based on self-sufficiency perspective. After surveying general residential condition and data, it analyzes the form, function, energy use and heating technology of rural residence, which will provide basic data and reference for post-study.

scholarly journals There Is No Place like Home! How Willing Are Young Adults to Move to Find a Job?

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7494
Author(s):  
Julia Weiss ◽  
Livio Ferrante ◽  
Mariano Soler-Porta
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
Rural Youth ◽  
The European Union ◽  
International Mobility ◽  
Persistent Problem ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Job Opportunities

The European Union (EU) has undergone significant economic crises in recent years. Therein, young people were amongst the hardest hit groups, with youth unemployment rising as high as 50% in some member states. Particularly high rates of youth unemployment were often observed in rural areas, where labour market supply in relation to demand were notably divergent. One of the core pillars of the EU’s agenda is to tackle the persistent problem of youth unemployment. Since the recent crisis, this has been via the “Youth on the Move” initiative, which involves the promotion of intra- and international mobility of young adults in order to gain access to job opportunities. However, what has received little attention so far is the question of what the general willingness of young adults to move is like, and to what extent this varies, for example, depending upon the area they live in. This paper therefore asks if rural youth differ from youth in urban areas in relation to their willingness to move for a job within their country or to another country. Moreover, what influences the general willingness to be mobile? Based on the Cultural Pathways to Economic Self-Sufficiency and Entrepreneurship (CUPESSE) Survey, which includes data on 18–35-year-olds in a sample of 11 European countries, it is shown that living in a rural area is strongly associated with the willingness to move. Furthermore, it shows that rural youth are more willing to move within the country but less willing to move to another country. Based on the presentation of the various factors, which promote or curb mobility readiness, the results make it clear that the success of EU initiatives depends on the preferences and willingness of the target group in question.

scholarly journals Trends in crop production as a factor of ensuring food security of the Perm Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 213 (10) ◽  
pp. 81-92
Author(s):  
Lyudmila Shalaeva
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sown Area ◽  
Perm Region

Abstract. Goal. The assessment of the main trends in the activity of agricultural producers in crop production was carried out in order to substantiate the possibilities of the Perm Region for self-sufficiency with the main types of food resources in the presence of adverse effects of natural and climatic conditions. Methods. A statistical analysis was carried out using grouping and comparison methods based on the official statistics of the Perm Region for 2016-2020. Results. In accordance with the social and geographical specifics of the Perm Region, on the territory of which rural areas predominate, the largest volume of crop production is produced in the households of the population (up to 58 %), whose activities are characterized by the lowest level of stability and are more susceptible to the negative impact of natural and climatic conditions. The activity of agricultural organizations (share up to 36 %) and farms (share up to 8 %) is more stable. A higher level of dependence on natural and climatic conditions was revealed in the field of potato production, a lower level – in the field of grain and vegetables production of protected soil. The risk is reinforced by the fact that up to 70 % of the natural volume of potatoes and more than 80% of vegetables are produced in households. With a decrease in the total sown area by 1.2 %, there is a decrease in the sown area of potatoes by 15 % and vegetables by 6 %. The identified trends allowed us to identify the risk of reducing the level of food self-sufficiency of the Perm Region with potatoes and vegetables. The insecurity of domestic potato consumption in the Perm Region is, according to preliminary data, 13 % in 2020. The presence of risk was also revealed for vegetables, the internal consumption of the region was provided with vegetable products of its own production by an average of 56% during the study period. The results obtained allow us to identify the directions of optimization of the Perm Region strategy in solving the problems of food self-sufficiency. Scientific novelty. The dynamics of factors of crop production (structure, yield, acreage, intensification) is assessed taking into account the social, geographical, natural and climatic specifics of the Perm Region through the prism of the impact on the regional food balance and the level of self-sufficiency of the region with potatoes and vegetables.

Lauksaimniecības produktu pašnodrošinājums Latvijā

2021 ◽  
pp. 206-214
Author(s):  
Aija Eglīte ◽  
Marija Dūduma ◽  
Sandra Lejniece
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Support Service ◽  
Rural Landscape ◽  
The Self ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
World Food ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Agricultural Industry ◽  
Self Sufficiency

Agriculture plays a major role in ensuring the existence of humanity. Today, the agricultural industry is playing an increasingly important role as farmers not only supply food to the world's population but also provide some people with jobs, particularly in rural areas, and protect and develop the rural landscape, without which we cannot imagine our world. Food production is one of the most important prerequisites for agriculture, yet the problem is whether the agricultural output in Latvia is able to meet the demand for food by the country's population in relation to the main food groups. The research aims to examine the self-sufficiency of agricultural products in Latvia. The research is based on annual agricultural reports and statistics for the period of 2011-2018 provided by the Rural Support Service. The key research results reveal that the output significantly exceeds consumption for some food groups, yet there are some agricultural products that highly depend on import.

Impact of Surplus Labor Existence on Land Lease Market in Rural Central Java

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Ernoiz Antriyandarti ◽  
Susi Wuri Ani
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
Surplus Labor ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Objective - The Indonesian rice sector seems to lose global competitiveness, and the government intervenes in the market to achieve food self-sufficiency. Particularly, in the main rice producing areas of Central Java, the rice sector does not have a comparative and competitive advantage due to small farm size. Then, we need to investigate the reasons why the farm sizes of rice producers are still small. Methodology/Technique - We hypothesize that the existence of surplus labor in rural areas restrains farm size enlargement. Therefore, we need to examine the existence of surplus labor in study area. By using the empirical model of the Cobb Douglas production function, we test the hypothesis of surplus labor. The estimation result shows that there is a surplus of labor in the study area. Findings - In addition, we examine the impact of surplus labor on land lease market in rural area. This study proves empirically that there is surplus labor in rural areas; therefore, farmers have difficulty finding job opportunities in sectors other than farming. In such a case, they prefer to cultivate rather than lease their land. Novelty - This result implies that the existence of surplus labor restricts the number of land lease contract. As a result, the land lease supply in the land lease market has become very limited. Thus, the existence of surplus labor in rural areas would be a constraint of farm size enlargement. This is the first study which explores the relationship between surplus labor and land lease market in the main rice producer area in Central Java. Type of Paper: Empirical Keywords: Impact; Existence; Surplus Labour; Land Lease Market; Farm Size Enlargement. JEL Classification: E24, H83.

Comparison of Different Energy Storage Systems for a Small Airport Facility

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahin Shafiee ◽  
Mary Helen McCay
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Storage Unit ◽  
Power Requirement ◽  
Technical Requirements

Airports, one of the important transportation components in this modern age, are under continuous improvement especially in regard to energy sustainability. While most work is concentrated on large airports, smaller airports which are mostly scattered around rural areas seem to be better opportunities for renewable energy utilization. However, while renewable energy has come into use at airports over the past decade, it has been at a slow pace and has not included storage. A reliable storage system can significantly increase the power reliability of a small airport and make a renewable energy system viable. Acquiring the technical requirements of a facility based on its characteristics enables the designer to evaluate the power source options and develop an efficient storage system. The current paper analytically develops a framework to design and integrate an energy storage method for a renewable system into a small airport facility. The framework details include methods for energy storage which are environmentally acceptable in combination with renewable energy sources to produce electrical power for the on-site facilities. The technical analysis which leads to the sizing of the storage unit initiates with categorizing different methods for energy storage and their applicability to an airport facility for off-grid and on-grid modes. Based on the results and conclusions from the first step, the search is narrowed down to mediums for electricity storage for a wind farm or solar power plant. In such a case, the main applications of the storage unit could be either to supply power to the facility during the transition time from the renewable source to the main grid or to regulate the power frequency of the generation unit. Capacitors and batteries were selected as the two options for the given power requirement of the facility. Considering the wide variety of available technologies and lower costs, the appropriate storage system is proposed for both long term and short term applications. A table is presented to compare available battery technologies and their respective storage capacities.

scholarly journals Determining the Carbon Footprint and Emission Hotspots for the Wine Produced in Cyprus

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 463
Author(s):  
Vassilis D. Litskas ◽  
Nikolaos Tzortzakis ◽  
Menelaos C. Stavrinides
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Drastic Reduction ◽  
Wine Production ◽  
Essential Step ◽  
Mediterranean Regions

International agreements and policies on climate change urge for a drastic reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to prevent a temperature rise above 2 °C at the end of the century. Determination of the product carbon footprint (CF), identifying carbon hotspots and examining ways for CF reduction is an essential step towards mitigation actions. Viticulture and winemaking are very important for the economy of Mediterranean regions, especially for the sustainability of rural areas. To determine the CF for wine, the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach was adopted with system boundaries from vineyard to market. Input data were collected from 20 vineyards on the island of Cyprus, where the indigenous Xynisteri variety is cultivated and from an SME winery that uses the grapes to produce wine. The winery CF was 99,586 kg CO2-eq for 76,000 bottles produced (1.31 kg/0.75 L bottle). The uncertainty factor was determined to be ±50%, which was considered adequate for the methodology followed. The share of electrical energy was 46%, of packaging 18% and of the vineyard 16%. Fuel (transportation and heating), as well as waste management (solid and wastewater) contributed 10% each to the CF. There is potential for mitigation of the CF by replacing the bottles currently used by lighter ones, lowering the energy use and reusing a part of the solid waste as fertilizer. Research towards eco-innovation of viticulture/winemaking is essential for reducing the footprint of the sector to promote sustainable wine production.

scholarly journals Mental health status in veterans residing in rural versus non-rural areas: results from the veterans’ health study

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph J. Boscarino ◽  
Charles R. Figley ◽  
Richard E. Adams ◽  
Thomas G. Urosevich ◽  
H. Lester Kirchner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Service Use ◽  
Global Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Status ◽  
Mental Health Service Use ◽  
Health Service Use ◽  
Rural Residence ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression

Abstract Background The majority of Veterans Affair (VA) hospitals are in urban areas. We examined whether veterans residing in rural areas have lower mental health service use and poorer mental health status. Methods Veterans with at least 1 warzone deployment in central and northeastern Pennsylvania were randomly selected for an interview. Mental health status, including PTSD, major depression, alcohol abuse and mental health global severity, were assessed using structured interviews. Psychiatric service use was based on self-reported utilization in the past 12 months. Results were compared between veterans residing in rural and non-rural areas. Data were also analyzed using multivariate logistic regression to minimize the influence by confounding factors. Results A total of 1730 subjects (55% of the eligible veterans) responded to the survey and 1692 of them had complete geocode information. Those that did not have this information (n = 38), were excluded from some analyses. Veterans residing in rural areas were older, more often of the white race, married, and experienced fewer stressful events. In comparison to those residing in non-rural areas, veterans residing in rural areas had lower global mental health severity scores; they also had fewer mental health visits. In multivariate logistic regression, rural residence was associated with lower service use, but not with PTSD, major depression, alcohol abuse, and global mental health severity score after adjusting confounding factors (e.g., age, gender, marital status and education). Conclusions Rural residence is associated with lower mental health service use, but not with poor mental health in veterans with former warzone deployment, suggesting rural residence is possibly protective.

scholarly journals Estimation and Determinants of Multidimensional Energy Poverty among Households in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 7332
Author(s):  
Waheed Mobolaji Ashagidigbi ◽  
Bashirat Adenike Babatunde ◽  
Adebayo Isaiah Ogunniyi ◽  
Kehinde Oluseyi Olagunju ◽  
Abiodun Olusola Omotayo
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Tobit Regression ◽  
Energy Poverty ◽  
Household Energy ◽  
Poverty Status

The sustainable use of clean and safe sources of energy is indeed a global challenge. Traditional and unsafe forms of energy use is predominant among households in sub-Saharan Africa. This is not only a threat to the environment, but also constitutes health risk to the population. In the Nigeria context, this study provides the first attempt to estimate household energy poverty status and also investigate the driving factors of household energy poverty status using the National Demographic Health Survey (NDHS) dataset. The analytical techniques adopted in this study are based on Multidimensional Energy Poverty Index (MEPI) and Tobit regression model. Our results show that national average MEPI was 0.38, suggesting that majority of the households are energy poor. Energy poverty is however found to be higher in rural areas than in urban areas. We also found that male-headed households, age, rural sector and northeast residents are found to be the energy poverty enhancing factors, while household income and credit access are energy poverty inhibiting factors. The study concludes that income smoothening among other energy poverty reduction interventions should be prioritized, especially among rural households in order to help them exit energy poverty trap.

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