scholarly journals A preliminary approach for modelling the effects of cropping systems on the dynamics of broomrape (Phelipanche ramosa) in interaction with the non-parasitic weed flora

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Colbach ◽  
Nadia Abdennebi-Abdemessed ◽  
Stéphanie Gibot-Leclerc
Keyword(s):  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Parasitic Weed ◽  
Weed Flora ◽  
Phelipanche Ramosa

scholarly journals Effects of different methods to control the parasitic weed Phelipanche ramosa (L.) Pomel in processing tomato crops

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1s) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grazia Disciglio ◽  
Francesco Lops ◽  
Antonia Carlucci ◽  
Giuseppe Gatta ◽  
Annalisa Tarantino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Parasitic Weed ◽  
Complete Control ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Processing Tomato ◽  
Phelipanche Ramosa

The root-parasitic weed <em>Phelipanche ramosa</em> (L.) Pomel represents a major problem for processing tomato crops. The control of this holoparasitic plant is difficult, and better understanding of treatment methods is needed to develop new and specific control strategies. This study investigated 12 agronomic, chemical, biological and biotechnological strategies for the control of this parasitic weed, in comparison with the untreated situation. The trial was carried out in 2014 at the Department of Agriculture, Food and the Environment of the University of Foggia (southern Italy), using processing tomato plants grown in pots filled with soil from a field that was heavily infested with <em>P. ramosa</em>. After transplantation, top dressing was performed with 70 kg ha<sup>–1</sup> nitrogen. A randomised block design with 3 replicates (pots) was adopted. During the growing cycle of the tomato, at 70, 75, 81 and 88 days after transplantation, the number of parasitic shoots (branched plants) that had emerged in each pot was determined, and the leaf chlorophyll of the plants was measured using a soil-plantanalysis- development meter. At harvesting on 8 August 2014, the major quanti-qualitative yield parameters were determined, including marketable yield, mean weight, dry matter, soluble solids, and fruit colour. The results show lower chlorophyll levels in the parasitised tomato plants, compared to healthy plants. None of the treatments provided complete control against P. ramosa. However, among the methods tested, Radicon® biostimulant (Radicon, Inc., Elk Grove Village, IL, USA), compost activated with <em>Fusarium oxysporum</em>, nitrogen and sulphur mineral fertilisers, Enzone<sup>TM</sup> soil fumigant (Elliott Chemicals Ltd., Auckland, New Zealand), and a resistant tomato genotype mitigated the virulence of the attacks of this parasite. These effects should be improved by combining some of these treatments, especially for gradual and continued reduction in the <em>seed bank</em> of the parasite in the soil. For the tomato yields across the different treatments, there were no significant differences seen; however, the yields showed an improving trend for treatments with lower presence of the <em>P. ramosa</em> weed.

scholarly journals The impact of different weed management strategies on weed flora of wheat-based cropping systems

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0247137
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shahzad ◽  
Khawar Jabran ◽  
Mubshar Hussain ◽  
Muhammad Aown Sammar Raza ◽  
Leonard Wijaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Water Extracts ◽  
The World ◽  
Weed Flora ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
The Impact

The world population will rise in future, which would demand more wheat production to fulfil dietary needs of wheat-dependent population of the world. Food security in wheat-dependent regions will greatly rely on wheat productivity. Weed infestation is a major constraint reducing wheat productivity globally. Nonetheless, cropping systems and weed management strategies strongly influence weed infestation in modern agriculture. Herbicides are the key weed management tool in conventional agriculture. However, frequent use of herbicides have resulted in the evolution of herbicide-resistance weeds, which made weed management a challenging task. Sustainable and eco-friendly weed management strategies shift weed-crop competition in the favour of crop plants. Limited studies have evaluated the interactive effect of cropping systems and weed management strategies on weed flora of wheat-based cropping systems (WBCSs). This two-year study evaluated the impact of different weed management strategies (WMSs) on weed flora of WBCSs, i.e., fallow-wheat (FW), rice-wheat (RW), cotton-wheat (CW), mungbean-wheat (MW) and sorghum-wheat (SW). The WMSs included in the study were, false seedbed, allelopathic water extracts and herbicide application, while weed-free and weedy-check were maintained as control treatments. Data relating to diversity and density of individual and total broadleaved and narrow-leaved weeds were recorded. The WBCSs, WMSs and their interaction significantly altered diversity and density of individual, total, broadleaved and narrow-leaved weeds. Weed-free and weedy-check treatments recorded the lowest and the highest values of diversity and density of individual, total, broadleaved and narrow-leaved weeds. Herbicide application effectively reduced density and diversity of weeds. Allelopathic water extracts and false seedbed proved less effective than herbicides. On the other hand, SW cropping system not only reduced weed density but also limited the weed flora. It is concluded that false seedbed and SW cropping system can be efficiently used to manage weeds in WBCSs. However, long-term studies are needed to infer the impact of SW cropping system and false seedbed on soil properties, soil microbes and productivity of wheat crop.

Genetic differentiation and host preference reveal non-exclusive host races in the generalist parasitic weed Phelipanche ramosa

Weed Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Stojanova ◽  
R Delourme ◽  
P Duffé ◽  
P Delavault ◽  
P Simier
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Host Preference ◽  
Parasitic Weed ◽  
Host Races ◽  
Phelipanche Ramosa

scholarly journals Ethnobotanical Profile of Weed Flora of District Charsadda, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-23
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nauman Khan ◽  
Abdul Razzaq ◽  
Fazal Hadi ◽  
Naushad Khan ◽  
Abdul Basit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Herb ◽  
Plant Biodiversity ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Parasitic Weed ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ◽  
Weed Flora ◽  
Annual Herb ◽  
Ethnobotanical Uses ◽  
Important Center

District Charsadda is a very important center of plant biodiversity in the central plain of Peshawar valley, Pakistan. The present study was carried out during March 2015 to April 2016 to investigate the ethnobotanical profile of common weed flora present in district Charsadda, KP, Pakistan. The study revealed that there were 40 weed species belonging to 21 families. Among them 25 weeds were annual herb, 9 weeds were perennial herb, three were annual grass, one was climbing herb, one was the parasitic weed, and one was rhizomatic grass. The dominant families were Asteraceae, Fabaceae and poaceae having 5 species (12.5%) each followed by Ranunculaceae 3 species (7.5%). plants were systematically arranged into botanical names, local names, families, habit, habitat, partly used, flowering periods, locality and ethnobotanical uses. The main aim of the study is the documentation and ethnobotanical information of the weed flora growing in the area.

scholarly journals Weed flora in rice areas under distinct cropping systems, herbicide and irrigation managements

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
Germani Concenço ◽  
André Andres ◽  
Fábio Schreiber ◽  
Leandro Galon ◽  
Mariane Camponogara Coradini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Weed Flora

Sensitivity of weed emergence and dynamics to life-traits of annual spring-emerging weeds in contrasting cropping systems, using weed beet (Beta vulgarisssp.vulgaris) as an example

2011 ◽  
Vol 149 (6) ◽  
pp. 679-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. COLBACH ◽  
B. CHAUVEL ◽  
H. DARMENCY ◽  
Y. TRICAULT
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Life Traits ◽  
Weed Flora ◽  
Management Advice ◽  
Weed Emergence

SUMMARYCropping systems contain a diverse multi-species weed flora including several species that cross-breed with and/or descend from crops, including weed beet (Beta vulgarisssp.vulgaris). The effects of cropping systems on this weed flora are complex because of their large range of variation and their numerous interactions with climate and soil conditions. In order to study and quantify the long-term effects of cropping system components (crop succession and cultural techniques) on weed population dynamics, a biophysical process-based model called GENESYS-Beet has previously been developed for weed beet. In the present paper, the model was modified to remove the crop–weed connection and employed to identify and rank the weed life-traits as a function of their effect on weed emergence timing and density as well as on weed densities at plant, adult and seed bank stages, using a global sensitivity analysis to model parameters. A similar method has already been used with the complete GENESYS-Beet model (i.e. including the crop–weed connection) based on Monte Carlo simulations with simultaneous randomization of all life-trait parameters and run in three cropping systems differing in their risk of infestation by weed beet. Simulated weed emergence timing and density, as well as surviving plant, adult and seed bank densities, were then analysed with regression models as a function of model parameters to rank life-cycle processes and related life-traits and quantify their effects. The comparison of the present, crop-independent results to those of the previous, crop-dependent study showed that the crop-relative weed beet can be considered as a typical crop-independent spring weed as long as no traits conferring a selective advantage are inherited and in rotations where crops favouring weed emergence and reproduction are frequent. In such rotations, advice for controlling the crop-relative and the crop-independent weed is more or less identical. The rarer these favourable crops, the more important pre-emergence processes become for the crop-independent weed; management advice should thus focus more on seed bank survival and seedling emergence. For the crop-relative, post-emergence processes become dominant because of the increasing necessity for a new population founding event; management advice should mostly concern the avoidance of crop bolters. In both studies, the key parameters were more or less the same, i.e. those determining the timing and success of growth, development, seed maturation and the physiological end of seed production. Timing parameters were usually more important than success parameters, showing for instance that optimal timing of weed management operations is often more important than its exact efficacy. Comparison with previous sensitivity analyses carried out for autumn-emerging weed species showed that some of the present conclusions are probably specific to spring-emerging weed species only. For autumn-emerging species, pre-emergence traits would be more important. In the rotations with frequent favourable crops and insufficient weed control, interactions between traits were small, indicating that diverse populations and species with contrasting traits could prosper, potentially leading to a diverse multi-species weed flora. Conversely, when favourable crops were rare and weed control optimal, traits had little impact individually, indicating that a small number of optimal combinations of traits would be successful, thus limiting both intra- and inter-specific variability.

scholarly journals Seedbank and Field Emergence of Weeds in Glyphosate-Resistant Cropping Systems in the United States

Weed Science ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 425-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren M. Schwartz ◽  
David J. Gibson ◽  
Karla L. Gage ◽  
Joseph L. Matthews ◽  
David L. Jordan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Weed Population ◽  
Weed Flora ◽  
History Of

A segment of the debate surrounding the commercialization and use of glyphosate-resistant (GR) crops focuses on the theory that the implementation of these traits is an extension of the intensification of agriculture that will further erode the biodiversity of agricultural landscapes. A large field-scale study was initiated in 2006 in the United States on 156 different field sites with a minimum 3-yr history of GR-corn, -cotton or -soybean in the cropping system. The impact of cropping system, crop rotation, frequency of using the GR crop trait, and several categorical variables on seedbank weed population density and diversity was analyzed. The parameters of total weed population density of all species in the seedbank, species richness, Shannon's H′ and evenness were not affected by any management treatment. The similarity between the seedbank and aboveground weed community was more strongly related to location than management; previous year's crops and cropping systems were also important while GR trait rotation was not. The composition of the weed flora was more strongly related to location (geography) than any other parameter. The diversity of weed flora in agricultural sites with a history of GR crop production can be influenced by several factors relating to the specific method in which the GR trait is integrated (cropping system, crop rotation, GR trait rotation), the specific weed species, and the geographical location. Continuous GR crop, compared to fields with other cropping systems, only had greater species diversity (species richness) of some life forms, i.e., biennials, winter annuals, and prostrate weeds. Overall diversity was related to geography and not cropping system. These results justify further research to clarify the complexities of crops grown with herbicide-resistance traits to provide a more complete characterization of their culture and local adaptation to the weed seedbank.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT GERMPLASM OF BRASSICA JUNCEA AGAINST OROBANCHE AEGYPTIACA

2017 ◽  
pp. 27-30
Author(s):  
GULWAIZ AKHTER, TABREIZ AHMAD KHAN
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Variable Degree ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Parasitic Weed ◽  
Orobanche Aegyptiaca ◽  
Resistant Genotypes

Among the major weed groups that cause huge economic losses to important cropping systems, Orobanche species are greatly devastating. Egyptian broomrape (Orobanche aegyptiaca) is a parasitic weed causing major yield loss in many field and vegetable crops and is a serious threat to Indian mustard. In this study, severalgenotypes of Indian mustard were screened in order to identify resistant genotypes against O. aegyptiaca. In the greenhouse conditions, genotypes were different in the degree of susceptibility to Broomrape. Attachment number, emergence number, and dry matter of parasitic broomrape were affected by biomass of genotype. A significant impact of the parasitism onto the dry weight of all infected mustard genotype with variable degree was observed. Broomrape attachment was observed in all the cultivated genotypes with Pusa mustard 24 being the most susceptible with the greatest number of emerged Orobanche shoots. In contrast, no emergence shoots were observed in four out of the fifteen genotype viz., Pusa Jaikisan, Pusa bold, Pusa Vijay and Pusa mustard 26 which have less attachment number and emergence number. These genotype appear to be interesting for our objectives.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document