scholarly journals Intermodal Line between Ploce and Brcko: Future Perspectives for the Pan-European Transport

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 04010
Author(s):  
N. Palic ◽  
E. Velinov ◽  
V. Vassilev
Keyword(s):  
International Level ◽  
Intermodal Transport ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Crucial Importance ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Transport Costs ◽  
Transport Time ◽  
Ecological Aspects ◽  
Development Plans ◽  
Intermodal Logistics

The aim of this paper is to propose the intermodal logistics Corridor Vc, relying on the European Union transport policy, which will be in the function of regional development. The main goal is to analyze a potential route of freight intermodal transport between the ports of Ploče and Brčko in order to popularize this intermodal line at the international level. Among the most important activities in achieving this goal is the integration in the Euro corridor system. This integration is of crucial importance for companies to successfully execute their supply chain processes both domestically and internationally. The paper is based on the analysis of the current socio-economic situation and the condition of the intermodal transport system in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), as well as existing strategic studies and development plans. This paper sheds a light on the creation of a strong integrated intermodal freight transport network in BiH, that will be a quality alternative to other international intermodal flows from the aspect of shorter transport time, lower transport costs and more favorable ecological aspects of transportation.

scholarly journals Analysis of Intermodal Transport Potentials for Vegetables Export from Southeast Spain

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 8502
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Pérez-Mesa ◽  
Lucía Aballay ◽  
Mª Serrano-Arcos ◽  
Raquel Sánchez-Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Intermodal Transport ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Transport Costs ◽  
Modal Shift ◽  
Transportation Services ◽  
Export Sector ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Horticultural Products ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Southeast Spain

This work studies the viability of intermodal transport of horticultural products from southeast Spain to the rest of Europe. This sector has an exportation turnover of 4100 million € and accounts for 69% of total Spanish exports and 35% of the consumption of vegetables in the European Union. The transportation services for the sector are carried out entirely by refrigerated trucks. Due to increased cost, transit limitations, and the strategic dependence on only one transport mode, it is necessary to seek out alternative logistics formulas. In this sense, intermodal transport could be a good option as it can reduce cost and the environmental impact of transport. This paper analyzes the problems involved in using intermodality by conducting a survey among exporters with the additional goal of looking for viable routes using road + short sea shipping. The impact of the transport modal shift on exports is also analyzed using a gravity model. The results show that the route from southeast Spain to the United Kingdom is the most viable. What is more, this strategy can increase exports to this country by reducing transport costs. In general, intermodality can help improve the competitiveness of the Spanish horticultural export sector.

scholarly journals Evaluation of supporting in Derecske-Létavétes micro-regional area

2009 ◽  
pp. 179-188
Author(s):  
Éva Suta
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Local Government ◽  
International Level ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Project Activity ◽  
Regional Area ◽  
Economic Background ◽  
Development Plans

The occasion that joining to the European Union general several new opportunities which are supporting development, changes and increasing disadvantages. We tried to capitalizing these resources less or major rate in national and international level too. These opportunities are projects, tenders whose longterm effects are measured difficulty, it is a hard task. In spite of this fact I feel it has got basement importance to determine project activity forming future developments and ways. In my study I deal with Derecske-Létavértes Sub-region. My aims to survey economic background of this sub-region, seeking contexts between economical factors, influential agents and project activity or results. In a settlement level it is essential what kind of supporting forms are available for entrepreneurs, civil organization, economic development and local government, what are the founds could be realized their development plans.

scholarly journals Pluralismo territorial y constitución

2016 ◽  
pp. 249
Author(s):  
Luciano Parejo Alfonso
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Political Transition ◽  
The Political ◽  
International Level ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Crucial Importance ◽  
Complex State ◽  
Constitutional Review ◽  
Constitutional Order

Las llamadas cuestiones vasca y catalana (hoy, la segunda, en fase aguda) reclaman una actualización del orden constitucional en punto a la adecuación de la organización del Estado a la estructura plural de España, que ha de hacerse teniendo en cuenta las radicales transformaciones derivadas de la integración en la Unión Europea y la inserción en una comunidad internacional cada día más interdependiente y desde una doble reflexión. En el trabajo se apuntan —en sus líneas maestras— los aspectos más sobresalientes de la reforma o, en su caso, revisión constitucional que el autor considera más viable sobre la base del análisis tanto de la situación presente y mirando al futuro, como de la experiencia suministrada por la transición política, el consenso constitucional y el proceso de construcción del llamado Estado autonómico. Pero recordando que el éxito de tal empeño en el plano jurídico-constitucional depende de algo que está fuera de la potencia configuradora del Derecho —la regeneración de la vida política y social y de las instituciones y tiene una decisiva trascendencia para el funcionamiento de un Estado complejo como el español y, por tanto, la vitalidad y autenticidad del pluralismo territorial sin merma de la verdadera, por sustantiva (no formal), unidad constitucional.The basque and catalan conflict —the second nowadays at his peak— demand a revamp of Spain’s constitutional order to adapt the organization of the state to the diverse structure of the country. Such reform should be addressed taking into account the radical transformations resulting from its integration into the European Union project and from an increasingly interdependent comunity at the international level. This article points out the most important aspects of the reform or (where relevant) of the constitutional review that the author considers more feasible. This appraisal will be carried out based on the analysis of the current situation and looking to the future, as well as on the experience gained with the political transition, the constitutional consensus and the so called Authonomic State-making process. However, the sucess of this commitment within the constitutional and legal framework depends on something that is out of the shaping capacity of the law —the political and social life renewal, as well as of the institutions— and has a crucial importance for the functioning of a complex state such as the spanish and, therefore, for the vitality and authenticity of the territorial pluralism without affecting (in a substantive —not formal— way) the constitutional unity.

Solidarity and Social Justice in the European Union Seventy Years after the Universal Declaration of Human Rights: The Role of European Judges

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 138-148
Author(s):  
Francesco Zammartino
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Universal Declaration ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
International Level ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Government Programs ◽  
Binding Force

Seventy Years after its proclamation, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, despite not having a binding force for the states, still provides at international level the fundamental text from which the principles and the values for the preservation of liberty and right of people are taken. In this article, the author particularly underlines the importance of Declaration’s article 1, which states: “All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights”. With these words the Declaration presses states to undertake economic policies aimed at achieving economic and social progress for all individuals. Unfortunately, we also have to underline the lack of effective social policies in government programs of the E.U. Member States. The author inquires whether it is left to European judges to affirm the importance of social welfare.

The present and future competence of the European Union in the Arctic

Polar Record ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 361-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timo Koivurova ◽  
Kai Kokko ◽  
Sebastien Duyck ◽  
Nikolas Sellheim ◽  
Adam Stepien
Keyword(s):  
International Negotiations ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Crucial Importance ◽  
Arctic Council ◽  
The Third ◽  
Broad Array ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Arctic Policy ◽  
The Eu

ABSTRACTThe European Union's (EU's) intention of becoming a permanent observer in the Arctic Council and the reluctance of Arctic actors to grant it that status have made the union's aspirations in the Arctic the subject of a continuing debate. The discussion appears to be dominated by geographical considerations and the EU's gradually emerging Arctic policy. This article puts forward a different view of the EU's presence in the region, one drawing on an analysis of relevant EU competences. As a complex international actor, the EU has acquired a broad array of decision-making powers from its member states, powers that partly extend to Iceland and Norway via the EEA Agreement. Moreover, the EU has in many cases become a relevant actor in international negotiations and treaty making processes the outcomes of which are of crucial importance for the governance of the Arctic. Our argument in the third and concluding section is that only by including the EU in Arctic governance can the international community provide better prospects for the union to sensitise its policies and discourses to the Arctic realities and for other Arctic actors to understand how the union functions. This argument is supported by an analysis of the EU's restrictions on the import of seal products and the ensuing litigation.

If in Doubt, Leave it Out? EU Precaution in WTO Regulatory Space

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Flett
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Political Authority ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
International Level ◽  
Eu Law ◽  
The European Union ◽  
International Organisations ◽  
Balanced Approach ◽  
Available Information

This article reviews the way in which the concept of precaution, as commonly referenced in EU law, is received in the WTO. It argues that precaution is not a principle, but one facet of a principle of making rational judgments based on available information, the other facet of which is “that risk is worth taking”. Systematically pursuing high cost measures in response to low risks is not a balanced approach, and has probably contributed to the scepticism with which the concept is viewed in the WTO. However, this article goes on to argue that, without needing to be a principle, precaution is the determining legal feature in the SPS Agreement, because, unlike in the European Union, there is no legislative harmonisation of SPS measures at international level, WTO Members being free to set their own appropriate level of protection. In fact, the concept of precaution is relevant in the context of many other WTO provisions and is in some respects quite close to the concept of subsidiarity. Notwithstanding this, the first WTO SPS cases, driven by regulatory exporters and an interventionist WTO, have excessively emphasised scientific issues, masking policy judgments that the WTO has neither the legal nor the political authority to sustain. The article concludes that the proper way forward necessitates closer political, legal and administrative links between the WTO and other relevant international organisations, and a move away from consensus in the latter.

scholarly journals El carácter jurisdiccional de los tribunales de resolución de conflictos contractuales conforme a la jurisprudencia comunitaria

2018 ◽  
pp. 529
Author(s):  
Jacinto J. Marabel
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Public Procurement ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Crucial Importance ◽  
Autonomous Communities ◽  
The Public ◽  
Free Competition ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
European Policies ◽  
Impacto Económico

Durante muchos años, la Unión Europea exigió al Reino de España articular una serie de medidas tendentes a garantizar los procedimientos de recurso en materia de adjudicación de contratos públicos. La materia tiene una importancia crucial en las políticas europeas y su impacto económico llega a alcanzar la quinta parte del PIB del conjunto de los Estados miembros. Por esta razón, se hizo necesaria la creación de órganos independientes con competencia en la resolución de este tipo de conflictos que velaran por el principio de libre concurrencia. El Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea considera que la naturaleza y funciones de tipo de órganos, que a partir del Tribunal Central de Recursos Contractuales se han extendido a gran parte de las Comunidades Autónomas, son asimilables a las de los órganos jurisdiccionales.For many years, the European Union demanded the Kingdom of Spain to articulate a series of measures to ensure the review procedures in the field of public procurement. The matter is of crucial importance in European policies and their economic impact can reach a fifth of the GDP of all the Member States. For this reason, the creation of independent bodies with competence in the resolution of such conflicts that shall ensure the principle of free competition was necessary. The Court of Justice of the European Union considered that the nature and functions of type of organs, which starting from the Public Procurement Review Central Administrative Court have been extended to much of the Autonomous Communities, are similar to the justice courts.

scholarly journals Unpuzzling COVID-19: tissue-related signaling pathways associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission

2020 ◽  
Vol 134 (16) ◽  
pp. 2137-2160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniella S. Battagello ◽  
Guilherme Dragunas ◽  
Marianne O. Klein ◽  
Ana L.P. Ayub ◽  
Fernando J. Velloso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Clinical Impact ◽  
World Health ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Cellular Interaction ◽  
Crucial Importance ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The City

Abstract The highly infective coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is caused by a novel strain of coronaviruses – the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) – discovered in December 2019 in the city of Wuhan (Hubei Province, China). Remarkably, COVID-19 has rapidly spread across all continents and turned into a public health emergency, which was ultimately declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) in early 2020. SARS-CoV-2 presents similar aspects to other members of the coronavirus family, mainly regarding its genome, protein structure and intracellular mechanisms, that may translate into mild (or even asymptomatic) to severe infectious conditions. Although the mechanistic features underlying the COVID-19 progression have not been fully clarified, current evidence have suggested that SARS-CoV-2 may primarily behave as other β-coronavirus members. To better understand the development and transmission of COVID-19, unveiling the signaling pathways that may be impacted by SARS-CoV-2 infection, at the molecular and cellular levels, is of crucial importance. In this review, we present the main aspects related to the origin, classification, etiology and clinical impact of SARS-CoV-2. Specifically, here we describe the potential mechanisms of cellular interaction and signaling pathways, elicited by functional receptors, in major targeted tissues/organs from the respiratory, gastrointestinal (GI), cardiovascular, renal, and nervous systems. Furthermore, the potential involvement of these signaling pathways in evoking the onset and progression of COVID-19 symptoms in these organ systems are presently discussed. A brief description of future perspectives related to potential COVID-19 treatments is also highlighted.

Sejm i Senat wobec wyzwań Unii Europejskiej

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 103-114
Author(s):  
Ilona Grądzka
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
National Level ◽  
International Organization ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
International Level ◽  
The European Union ◽  
National Parliaments ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Eu

The article’s goal is to present the consequences of Polish membership in the European Union (EU) for the functioning of the Polish Sejm and Senate at the national and international level. Polish accession to the European Union resulted in changes to the scope of competences of certain organs of the Republic of Poland. This was related to the transfer of specific state competences to an international organization and it applied, in particular, to the Polish Parliament (the Sejm and Senate) which has lost its primary role as legislator of laws applicable in Poland. In order to avoid the marginalization of national parliaments in the EU decision-making process, appropriate legal measures have been introduced at the national and international level. Additionally, after the Treaty of Lisbon entered into force, national parliaments have received new competences which allowed them to exist on the forum of the European Union. The article puts forward the thesis that the Polish Sejm and Senate have lost their position as main legislative bodies at the national level but, at the same time, they have acquired a new European function which can neither be qualified as traditionally understood legislative nor controlling functions.

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