scholarly journals Constructive realism: advantages of ontology and methodology

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 04009
Author(s):  
Andrey Tcytcarev ◽  
Ruslan Bazhenov ◽  
Elena Amineva ◽  
Aleksander Pronin
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Framework ◽  
Radical Constructivism ◽  
Constructive Realism ◽  
Methodological Challenges ◽  
Contemporary Science ◽  
Modern Knowledge ◽  
Scientific Worldview

This article attempts to reveal and analyse the advantages of constructive realism as a methodological framework of contemporary science. Comparing realism and constructivism as two divergent positions in epistemology in their extreme forms, we mention their downsides. These are the epistemological component for extreme realism and the ontological component for radical constructivism. We indicate that the concept of our study is characterized with the best balance of ontology and gnoseology and it allows overcoming ontological and epistemological difficulties associated with constructivism and realism correspondingly. We conclude that constructive realism may facilitate the development of the scientific worldview pertinent to modern knowledge and ready to respond the inherent methodological challenges that science faces.

A Critical Study of Violent Asphyxial Deaths with Ancient Perspective

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalpana Denge ◽  
Rupali Gatfane
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Modern Literature ◽  
Critical Study ◽  
Contemporary Science ◽  
Ancient Literature ◽  
Modern Knowledge ◽  
Ancient Texts

Asphyxia is most commonly appearing as a major cause of unnatural deaths. Scattered references can be reviewed in ancient literature regarding asphyxial death. Description of various signs of asphyxial death is given briefly in ancient texts and it is worthwhile to study them with the help of modern science. In ancient literature these asphyxial deaths are described briefly as Kanthapeedan, Dhoomopahat and Udakahat. In modern literature asphyxial deaths are described as hanging, strangulation, suffocation and drowning which occur in homicidal or suicidal purpose or accidental. Viewing these references, asphyxial deaths are studied comprehensively with the object of highlighting it with the help of modern knowledge. Thus present article deals with exploration of ancient references of asphyxial death with the help of contemporary science.

scholarly journals Measuring Nation States’ Deliberativeness: Systematic Challenges, Methodological Pitfalls, and Strategies for Upscaling the Measurement of Deliberation

2020 ◽  
pp. 003232171989081
Author(s):  
Dannica Fleuß ◽  
Karoline Helbig
Keyword(s):  
Deliberative Democracy ◽  
Methodological Framework ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Meso Level ◽  
Valid Measurement ◽  
Democratic Quality ◽  
Methodological Challenges ◽  
Nation States

A theoretically reflected and empirically valid measurement of nation states’ democratic quality must include an assessment of polities’ deliberativeness. This article examines the assessment of deliberativeness suggested by two sophisticated contemporary measurements of democratic quality, that is, the Democracy Barometer and the Varieties of Democracy-project. We feature two sets of challenges, each measurement of deliberativeness must meet: First, it must address the methodological challenges arising in the course of conceptualizing, operationalizing, and aggregating complex concepts (see Munck and Verkuilen, 2002). Second, attempts to measure nation states’ deliberativeness are confronted with specific conceptual and systematic challenges which we derive from recent deliberative democracy scholarship. We argue that both Democracy Barometer and Varieties of Democracy-project provide highly sophisticated assessments of democratic quality, but ultimately fail to capture nation states “deliberativeness” in a theoretically reflected and methodologically sound manner. We examine the methodological, pragmatic, and systematic reasons for these shortcomings. The crucial task for measurements of nation states’ deliberativeness consists in providing a conceptual approach and methodological framework for “upscaling” existing meso-level measurements (such as the DQI). The concluding section presents conceptual and methodological strategies that can enable researchers to meet these challenges and to provide a theoretically grounded and empirically valid measurement of nation states’ deliberativeness.

Seven theses on critical empathy: a methodological framework for ‘unsavory’ populations

2021 ◽  
pp. 146879412110195
Author(s):  
Alexis de Coning
Keyword(s):  
Close Contact ◽  
Methodological Framework ◽  
Ethnographic Fieldwork ◽  
Methodological Challenges ◽  
Emotional Dimensions ◽  
Qualitative Literature

Qualitative researchers of ‘unsavory’ populations experience a complex range of emotions as they sustain close contact with people and communities that are deemed reprehensible, dangerous, or toxic. Empathy, in particular, raises ethical and methodological challenges for scholars who must build rapport with people who may perpetuate racism, sexism, xenophobia, and so on. Drawing on existing qualitative literature and ethnographic fieldwork, I propose critical empathy as a methodological framework to account for the difficult and sometimes problematic emotional dimensions of research on ‘unsavory’ populations. Instead of trying to resolve the tensions between empathy and critique, critical empathy compels us to grapple with these tensions and make them apparent in our work.

scholarly journals HISTORICAL REALITY IN THE LIGHT OF CONSTRUCTIVISM

2020 ◽  
pp. 144-152
Author(s):  
R.Yu. Rakhmatullin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Valid Argument ◽  
Middle Ground ◽  
Historical Knowledge ◽  
Radical Constructivism ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Historical Reality ◽  
Constructive Realism ◽  
The Past

The purpose of the article is to substantiate the thesis «historical reality as a narrative». The relevance of the article determines the place of historical knowledge as the most important ideological tool formalizing the national and civilian identity. The originality of the article lies in an attempt to find a middle ground between radical constructivism and realism whilst explaining the phenomenon of «historical reality». Research methodology — constructivism. This methodology leads to following results: 1. Historical reality is always a construct that has an author with his political, moral, religious or other beliefs. Based on this, it should be taken into consideration that other researchers establish different and even alternative historical realities. Therefore, the story will remain as a multitude of competing stories. 2. The reference to historical facts as a proof meaning the correspondence of the narrative to the described event is not a valid argument. There are the following reasons for this: a) any story originated in the past is limited to a certain number of facts. Meanwhile, there are always some unknown facts that can significantly change the picture of historical reality; b) historical reality made of fact selection depends on the researcher and the goals he pursues; c) falsification of facts is often used in historical sources. 3. Every honest researcher creates his own narrative out of real-life events and characters, which makes it possible to assert his objectivity and the incorrectness of the radical constructivism methodology. But even the most honest researcher has personality traits that can be reflected on his work, which gives grounds to claim that realism is wrong. Therefore, the truth still lies somewhere in the middle and being represented by moderate constructivism or constructive realism.

scholarly journals КОНСТРУЮВАННЯ ЗМІСТУ МІЖДИСЦИПЛІНАРНОГО КУРСУ СВІТОГЛЯДНОГО РІВНЯ ДЛЯ СТУДЕНТІВ ПЕДАГОГІЧНИХ УНІВЕРСИТЕТІВ

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Колесник Марина Олександрівна
Keyword(s):  
Natural Science ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Laws Of Nature ◽  
Theoretical Modeling ◽  
School Students ◽  
Biology Teachers ◽  
Cultural Phenomenon ◽  
Modern Knowledge ◽  
Scientific Worldview ◽  
Mathematics And Physics

The article introduces causative-systemic approach implemented in a didactic model targeting the formation of scientific worldview. The said model is exercised while teaching master's school students the integrative course "Universal scientific worldview: methodology of natural science". This article highlights a number of aspects of modeling the natural-scientific component within the structure of this course. The paper discusses fundamental principles of theoretical modeling the content of future biology teachers' professional training and focuses on their application to natural scientific education as well as conditions of their realization.In the content of the suggested experimental course modern knowledge from the fields of biology, chemistry, astronomy, mathematics and physics is integrated and represented as a socio-cultural phenomenon that fits the universal laws of nature.

The Legacy of the Outstanding Economist (The Centenary of Maurice Allais)

2011 ◽  
pp. 4-15
Author(s):  
A. Belyanin ◽  
I. Egorov
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Nobel Prize ◽  
Nobel Prize Winner ◽  
Contemporary Science

The paper is devoted to Maurice Allais, the Nobel prize winner and one of the most original and deep-thinking economist whose centenary is celebrated this year. The authors describe his contributions to economics, and his place in contemporary science - economics and physics, as well as his personality and philosophy. Scientific works by Allais, albeit translated into Russian, still remain little known. The present article aims to fill this gap and to pay tribute to this outstanding intellectual and academic, who deceased last year, aged 99.

Competenza ad agire insieme e senso di iniziativa: il tirocinio per attraversare i confini tra studio e lavoro

2020 ◽  
pp. 93-102
Author(s):  
Fabrizio d'Aniello
Keyword(s):  
Professional Growth ◽  
Capability Approach ◽  
Boundary Crossing ◽  
Methodological Framework ◽  
Knowledge Models ◽  
Internship Experience ◽  
Cultural Historical Activity ◽  
The University ◽  
And Training ◽  
The Capability Approach

The pre-eminent motivation behind this contribution lies in the intention to offer students of three-year degree course in education and training sciences and master's degree in pedagogical sciences of the University of Macerata a further support than those already existing, aimed at expanding the educational meaningfulness of the internship experience. The main criticality of such experience is connected with the difficulty in translating knowledge, models, ideas into appropriate activities. This notably refers to the conceptual and educational core of the sense of initiative and entrepreneurship and, consistently, to the skill to act. Therefore, after a deepening of the sense of initiative and entrepreneurship, followed by related pedagogical reflections based on the capability approach, the paper presents an operative proposal aimed at increasing young people's possibilities of action and supporting their personal and professional growth. With regard to this training proposal, the theoretical and methodological framework refers to the third generation cultural historical activity theory and to the tool of the boundary crossing laboratory, variant of the change laboratory

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document