Agricultural production trends towards carbon neutrality in response to the EU 2030 Green Deal: Economic and environmental analysis in horticulture

The European Green Deal to tackle climate change sets emission reduction targets for 2050. Particular attention has been paid to the agricultural sector, where there is a strong need to reduce carbon emissions and re-establish the natural carbon cycles. The concept of carbon neutrality is emerging in a scenario where it is necessary to reduce carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) emissions from cultivation to near zero. The quantification of carbon emissions was carried out by the carbon footprint (CF) of conventional, organic and zero residue potato cultivation in Sicily. In order to provide farmers and consumers with answers regarding the most sustainable cultivation regime, the results showed that the organic and zero residue methods have the best results in terms of emissions; the latter instead revealed the positive results in economic terms. It becomes a new model to follow in the pursuit of sustainability as it is based on the reduction of synthesis inputs and is free from the constraints imposed by organic production standards.

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The global trend towards decarbonization of the economy, the introduction of the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism in the EU and the possible consequences for Russia

SHS Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/shsconf/202112909021 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 129 ◽

pp. 09021

Author(s):

Vladimir Sh. Urazgaliev ◽

V. Novikov Andrey ◽

A. Menshikova Galina

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽

Economic Relations ◽

Carbon Neutrality ◽

Adjustment Mechanism ◽

Reduce Carbon Dioxide ◽

Energy Products ◽

Climate Neutrality ◽

The Impact ◽

The Eu ◽

Border Adjustment

Research background: In the process of implementing the Paris Agreement (2015), Europe is a leader in the formation of new legislative initiatives in order to develop a set of effective measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere. The European Commission approved the European Green Deal (2015) - a strategy for achieving the EU parameters of climate neutrality through the transition to a clean circular economy. Its main goal is to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 2030 by 50 - 55% from 1990 levels and achieve full carbon neutrality of the EU by 2050. As part of this strategy, the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) is being developed. The introduction of CBAM means a revolutionary transformation in the system of international economic relations. Purpose of the article is to identify and assess possible risks for producers and consumers, primarily of energy products after the introduction of CBAM, as well as the impact of these risks on Russian exports to Europe. Methods: The authors carried out a comparative analysis of scenarios for the implementation of CBAM in the sectorial and product segments of trade between Russia and the EU. Findings: The article contains comparative assessments of the beginning redistribution of international markets in the sectoral and product coverage of emissions, as well as an analysis of the unfolding contradictions in the verification of methods for determining the carbon footprint in the production chains of the real sector of the economy.

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FEATURES OF EU AGRICULTURAL POLICY: OPPORTUNITIES FOR UKRAINE

SCIENTIFIC BULLETIN OF POLISSIA ◽

10.25140/2410-9576-2020-2(21)-52-56 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 52-56

Author(s):

Oleksii Hryhorovych Korytnyi ◽

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Development ◽

Agricultural Policy ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Agricultural Sector ◽

Market Competition ◽

Practical Experience ◽

Organic Production ◽

Eu Countries ◽

The Common ◽

The Eu

The need for constant monitoring of existing practices to improve the efficiency of the agricultural sector and identify important guidelines for further development of this area.Using modern experience of EU countries to increase the efficiency of the national agricultural sector.Practical and theoretical issues of development of the agricultural sector and the use of existing practical experience in this field were considered by O. Borodin, O. Bublienko, V. Granovska, N. Karaseva, I. Klymenko, R. Kosodiy, M. Skoryk and others.Active development of economic processes in the agricultural sector requires current research on the existing practical experience of developed countries.Analysis of practical experience in ensuring the effective functioning of the agricultural sector of the EU.An effective direction of the transition to sustainable development of rural areas is organic production (regulatory principles are reflected in the Common Agricultural Policy of the EU). The institutional norms of the CAP EU act as a guarantor of positive transformations and a "substitute" for the interests of producers in conditions of market competition. In practice, the Council and the EU Commission are responsible for implementing the common policy. European policy for the development of the agricultural sector is funded by the European Agrarian Fund for Rural Development. EU countries use various mechanisms (subsidies, grants, state loan guarantees, etc.) for the development of the agricultural sector. The best results in the direction of sustainable development of the agricultural sector were achieved by countries that took radical steps quickly, decisively, comprehensively. The experience of the EU countries shows that it is also justified to limit government intervention in this sector, or to implement it through market-type mechanisms

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Improving Health through Green Deal and Climate Pact (motivation for WB Region)

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckab164.116 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 31 (Supplement_3) ◽

Author(s):

M Jevtic ◽

C Belis ◽

C Bouland

Keyword(s):

Air Quality ◽

Soil Pollution ◽

Agricultural Sector ◽

Animal Health ◽

Common Interest ◽

Carbon Neutrality ◽

Transboundary Air Pollution ◽

Water And Soil Pollution ◽

The Eu

Abstract The WB Green Agenda (WB GA) aims to implement the GD principles in this region and has defined five priority areas: climate, energy, mobility; circular economy, pollution reduction, sustainable agricultural and food production, and biodiversity. Some of the WB GA goals are strongly related to health: e.g. the continent's carbon neutrality by 2050, the ambitious climate policy, the reform of energy and transport sectors. The launch of the EU CP is an important opportunity for the WB to promote action in this area. For instance, promoting energy efficiency and supporting building renovation are directly related to the quality of life and hygiene of housing. Reduction or cancellation of coal subsidies as well as the region's withdrawal from the use of coal is of great importance for reducing externalities. In the WB, citizens are concerned about their health due to air, water and soil pollution and their reduction is in the common interest. To that end, it is necessary, inter alia, to: ratify the Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution and its protocols in each of the WB economies; to implement air quality strategies; and to strengthen air quality monitoring systems (and network accreditation). Appropriate processes are needed to reduce water and soil pollution, as well as to ensure the transformation of the agricultural sector. It is also necessary to harmonize the agricultural and food sector with EU standards for food safety, plant and animal health and environmental protection. To achieve the WB GA goals it is important to develop policy strategies based on the most up-to-date scientific studies for this region (JRC, 2020). On the basis of the analysis presented in this study we conclude that the processes associated with the GD and the CP will be of benefit for both individual and public health in the EU and in the WB.

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International carbon transition debates to intensify

Emerald Expert Briefings ◽

10.1108/oxan-db245434 ◽

2019 ◽

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Carbon Emissions ◽

Coal Production ◽

International Labour Organisation ◽

Content Type ◽

Carbon Neutrality ◽

Developed Economies ◽

The Uk ◽

The Eu

Subject Carbon transitions. Significance The EU in May failed to reach an agreement on how to achieve a long-term strategy on reducing carbon emissions. One of the issues underlying the persistent differences among member states was the question of how to achieve a ‘just transition’. This is becoming an increasingly significant element of national and international debates on tackling climate change. Impacts The International Labour Organisation believes a transition limiting heat rises to 2 degrees by 2030 would create 24 million jobs globally. Global coal production may stabilise as reductions in developed economies are offset by increases in Asia. The UK Treasury estimates that achieving carbon neutrality by 2050 will cost 1 trillion pounds (1.26 trillion dollars).

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The Comparison between Cost and Benefit Business Model of Organic and Chemical Agricultural Vegetable Farming System

11th GLOBAL CONFERENCE ON BUSINESS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES - Global Conference on Business and Social Sciences Proceeding ◽

10.35609/gcbssproceeding.2020.11(133) ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 133-133

Author(s):

Peerasak Puengpapat

Keyword(s):

Production Process ◽

Organic Farming ◽

Business Model ◽

Return On Investment ◽

Agricultural Sector ◽

Organic Production ◽

Total Cost ◽

Cost And Benefit ◽

Net Profit ◽

Organic Vegetables

This research is intended to compare and demonstrate the difference between the cost and benefit of organic farming and chemistry. Compare differences in the quality of yields and minerals in the soil both before and after cultivation and modeling of agribusiness. Using Business Model Canvas for the decision of agricultural entrepreneurs who want to modify the farming process.The research found that in the experiment comparing between the costs of Organic farming and Chemical farming to produce three types of vegetables that are cucumber ,red oak salad and radish, with the total cost of growing vegetables in Organic farming, higher than the total cost of growing vegetables in Chemical farming. There is a greater frequency of fertilizing and injecting Organic matter than chemical farming. The net profit from the sale of vegetables in the Organic agricultural sector is higher than the net profit from the sale of vegetables in the Chemical agricultural sector, as the production price of Organic agricultural sector is higher than the production price of Chemical agricultural sector because the production process of organic farming has a higher production process and requires higher production attention to produce quality, and another factor is that Organic vegetables have a higher production cost than vegetables from chemical farming, resulting in less volume of organic production in the market than vegetables from Chemical agricultural sector. Consumers are demanding more healthy Organic vegetables. As a result, the price of vegetables that produced by Organic agricultural sector is higher than the price of vegetables that produced by Chemical agricultural sector, and the Return on Investment in Organic vegetables is higher than the vegetables that produced by Chemical agricultural .The Return on Investment in production of Organic farming is 61.48% and The Return on Investment in production of Chemical farming is 33.87%. It is therefore possible to conclude that growing vegetables in Organic way is safe for vegetable farmers who do not have to be exposed to any harmful Chemicals, as well as the resulting produce that is safe from residues, allowing consumers to be safe from toxin residues and receive good quality vegetables. Type of Paper: Empirical/Experimental Keywords: Agricultural; Organics; Cost ;Business Model ;Comparison.

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Economic and Environmental Consequences of the ECJ Genome Editing Judgment in Agriculture

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11061212 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 1212

Author(s):

Alexander Gocht ◽

Nicola Consmüller ◽

Ferike Thom ◽

Harald Grethe

Keyword(s):

Genome Editing ◽

Agricultural Sector ◽

Ghg Emissions ◽

Food Products ◽

Food Prices ◽

Farm Income ◽

The European Union ◽

Environmental Consequences ◽

European Court ◽

The Eu

Genome-edited crops are on the verge of being placed on the market and their agricultural and food products will thus be internationally traded soon. National regulations, however, diverge regarding the classification of genome-edited crops. Major countries such as the US and Brazil do not specifically regulate genome-edited crops, while in the European Union, they fall under GMO legislation, according to the European Court of Justice (ECJ). As it is in some cases impossible to analytically distinguish between products from genome-edited plants and those from non-genome-edited plants, EU importers may fear the risk of violating EU legislation. They may choose not to import any agricultural and food products based on crops for which genome-edited varieties are available. Therefore, crop products of which the EU is currently a net importer would become more expensive in the EU, and production would intensify. Furthermore, an intense substitution of products covered and not covered by genome editing would occur in consumption, production, and trade. We analyzed the effects of such a cease of EU imports for cereals and soy in the EU agricultural sector with the comparative static agricultural sector equilibrium model CAPRI. Our results indicate dramatic effects on agricultural and food prices as well as on farm income. The intensification of EU agriculture may result in negative net environmental effects in the EU as well as in an increase in global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This suggests that trade effects should be considered when developing domestic regulation for genome-edited crops.

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Tackling Complexity of the Just Transition in the EU: Evidence from Romania

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14051509 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (5) ◽

pp. 1509

Author(s):

Roxana Voicu-Dorobanțu ◽

Clara Volintiru ◽

Maria-Floriana Popescu ◽

Vlad Nerău ◽

George Ștefan

Keyword(s):

Environmental Sustainability ◽

Power Plants ◽

Point Of View ◽

Major Power ◽

Complex Issue ◽

Energy Mix ◽

Carbon Neutrality ◽

Vulnerable Consumers ◽

The Eu

The process of reaching carbon neutrality by 2050 and cutting CO2 emissions by 2030 by 55% compared to 1990 as per the EU Green Deal is highly complex. The energy mix must be changed to ensure long-term environmental sustainability, mainly by closing down coal sites, while preserving the energy-intensive short-term economic growth, ensuring social equity, and opening opportunities for regions diminishing in population and potential. Romania is currently in the position of deciding the optimal way forward in this challenging societal shift while morphing to evidence-based policy-making and anticipatory governance, mainly in its two coal-mining regions. This article provides possible future scenarios for tackling this complex issue in Romania through a three-pronged, staggered, methodology: (1) clustering Romania with other similar countries from the point of view of the Just Transition efforts (i.e., the energy mix and the socio-economic parameters), (2) analyzing Romania’s potential evolution of the energy mix from the point of the thermal efficiency of two major power plants (CEH and CEO) and the systemic energy losses, and (3) providing insights on the socio-economic context (economic development and labor market transformations, including the component on the effects on vulnerable consumers) of the central coal regions in Romania.

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POTENTIAL AND DIRECTIONS OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR OF UKRAINE IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: CURRENT SITUATION, CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS

10.30525/978-9934-26-108-4-10 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Olha Shulha ◽

Keyword(s):

National Economy ◽

Agricultural Policy ◽

Agricultural Sector ◽

Current Situation ◽

The State ◽

Agricultural Products ◽

Purchasing Power ◽

Food Markets ◽

Agricultural Enterprises ◽

The Eu

The state and contradictions of the development of the agricultural sector of the national economy are investigated. Challenges at the micro-, macro- and global levels for the agricultural sector in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic have been identified. It is noted that the main problems for the domestic agricultural sector in a pandemic were: reducing the purchasing power of the population, limiting the functioning of agri-food markets during quarantine, complicating the logistics of agricultural products. It is established that changes in the markets of countries that are major importers of agricultural products from Ukraine (China, India, the EU, Turkey, Egypt) in a pandemic will have the greatest impact on the development of Ukraine’s agricultural sector. It is concluded that among all sectors of the national economy, agriculture is the least affected by quarantine restrictions. It is shown that small and medium-sized farms suffer the greatest losses in a pandemic. The tasks facing agricultural enterprises and the state in the conditions of a pandemic are determined. The strategic directions of agricultural policy in Ukraine are indicated.

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