Intergenerational solidarity in family influencing factors

The purpose of this study was to investigate gender differences of adult children in manifestations of emotional closeness and its influence on frequency of contacts with their parents, as well as impact of the socio-economic status of parents on manifesting solidarity by the adult child. The participants of the research were 410 adult children, aged 18–62, living in Latvia, and with at least one parent alive. The results of the research showed that significant differences exist in manifestations of emotional closeness and frequency of contacts with parents by gender of a child and the socio-economic status of parents. Adult daughters more often meet and contact their parents than sons do. Emotional closeness and frequency of contacts correlate with providing functional help to their parents. Normative obligations of adult children to show care and provide help to their parents have been stipulated by the legislation of Latvia; however, the results of the research showed that parents who are emotionally close to their children received significantly greater help and support.

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Parental investment and adult children’s fertility intentions in Germany

10.31235/osf.io/jqc3t ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Antti O Tanskanen ◽

Mirkka Danielsbacka

Keyword(s):

Adult Children ◽

Parental Investment ◽

Regression Models ◽

Adult Child ◽

Fertility Intentions ◽

Adult Daughters ◽

Adult Sons ◽

Contact Frequency ◽

Effect Regression ◽

Over Time

Several studies have investigated the association between parental investment and childbearing decisions of adult children. However, studies testing whether changes in parental investment are associated with subsequent changes in fertility intentions over time are lacking. We investigated whether parental investment, measured as contact frequency, emotional closeness, financial support, and childcare, is associated with adult children’s intentions to have a first and a second, or subsequent, child. These associations were studied in four different parent-adult child dyads based on the sex of parents and adult children. We used eight waves from the longitudinal German Family Panel (pairfam) and exploited both between-person and within-person (or fixed-effect) regression models. Between-person associations represent the results across individuals and within-person associations represent an individual’s variation over time (i.e., whether changes in parental investment frequencies are associated with subsequent changes in adult children’s fertility intentions). We found that statistically nonsignificant associations outweighed significant ones. Significant associations were also more often present in the between-person than within-person models. Two of the three significant within-person effects were negative, meaning that when parental investment increased, adult children’s intentions to have a/another child decreased. In between-person models, the parental investment was associated with the childbearing intentions of adult sons rather than those of adult daughters. The present findings indicate that parental investment may not increase adult children’s intentions to have a/another child in Germany.

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Exploring the influencing factors of quality of life among the empty nesters in Shanxi, China: a structural equation model

Health and Quality of Life Outcomes ◽

10.1186/s12955-021-01793-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Chichen Zhang ◽

Yuan Cai ◽

Yaqing Xue ◽

Xiao Zheng ◽

Xiaozhao Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Linear Regression ◽

Influencing Factors ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Economic Status ◽

The Elderly ◽

Equation Model ◽

Shanxi Province ◽

Socio Economic Status

Abstract Background As China’s aging trend intensifies and the proportion of empty nests increases, the health-related quality of life of the elderly is the focus of social attention. Previous studies focused on the quality of life of the elderly, rather than empty nesters, and lacked the discussion of the mechanism of influencing factors. Thus, this study aimed to explore the influencing factors of the quality of life (QOL) and interaction mechanisms among empty nesters in Shanxi Province, China, so as to provide practical reference for improving the QOL of empty nesters. Methods A total of 4901 empty nesters in Shanxi Province, China, were selected using multi-stage random cluster sampling method in this cross-sectional study. The quality of life was assessed with the Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36). Multiple linear regression analysis (stepwise) was performed to examine the factor associated with QOL. Structural equation model (SEM) approach was conducted to test the direct and indirect association between QOL influencing factors with QOL. Results The average QOL score of empty nesters was 63.34 (SD = 17.23). The multiple linear regression revealed that gender, age, education, monthly income, drinking status, exercise frequency, physical examination frequency, attention to daily nutritional health, relationship with a spouse and relationship with children were significant predictors of the empty nester’s QOL (P < 0.05) (R2 = 0.128). SEM showed that behavioral lifestyle had a direct effect on QOL (β = 0.446, P < 0.001). Socio-economic status had an indirect effect (β = 0.288, P < 0.001) on QOL through behavioral lifestyle. The family relationship had an indirect effect (β = 0.115, P < 0.001) on QOL. Conclusion Behavioral lifestyle was the strongest influencing factor in the quality of life among empty nesters, followed by socio-economic status and family relationships. Thus, maintaining a healthy behavioral lifestyle was important to improve the QOL of the empty nesters. Our findings provide a concrete and strong reference for the formulation of targeted intervention strategies.

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Correlations between parents' academic achievements, emerging adult children's perception of their parents' socio-economic status and the educational attainment of the emerging adult children

10.31274/etd-180810-1777 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

Iris Michelle Young-Clark

Keyword(s):

Educational Attainment ◽

Adult Children ◽

Economic Status ◽

Emerging Adult ◽

Socio Economic Status ◽

Academic Achievements

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Reciprocal Associations Between Normative, Affectual, and Associational Solidarity With Parents in Young Adults

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1652 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 512-512

Author(s):

Jeung Hyun Kim ◽

Woosang Hwang ◽

Kent Jason Cheng ◽

Maria Brown ◽

Merril Silverstein

Keyword(s):

Young Adult ◽

Adult Children ◽

Latent Variables ◽

Three Dimensions ◽

Adult Daughters ◽

Theoretical Construct ◽

Intergenerational Solidarity ◽

Adult Sons ◽

Reciprocal Associations ◽

Over Time

Abstract Intergenerational solidarity has become important as close family ties mobilize the provision of social support across generations and contribute to the family wellbeing. One popular approach to studying intergenerational cohesion in aging families is through the theoretical construct of intergenerational solidarity. However, less is known about the longitudinal and reciprocal associations between normative, affectual, and associational solidarity with mothers and fathers among young-adult children in the transition to adulthood. On the basis of the theoretical construct of intergenerational solidarity, we examined the reciprocal associations between three dimensions of intergenerational solidarity (normative, affectual, and associational) with parents in young-adult children from their early twenties to late thirties. Data were derived from 287 mother-son, 325 mother-daughter, 262 father-son, and 297 father-daughter groups who participated in the Longitudinal Study of Generations between 2000 and 2016. Autoregressive cross-lagged model with latent variables predicted the causal relations between three dimensions of solidarity across four parent-child groups. We found that young-adult sons’ perceived associational solidarity with parents predicted normative solidarity over time, whereas young-adult daughters’ perceived affectual solidarity with mothers predicted normative solidarity over time. In addition, young-adult daughters’ perceived normative solidarity predicted affectual solidarity for fathers over time. The present study found that young-adult sons and daughters have different ways establishing normative solidarity in their early twenties to late thirties according to parents’ gender. In addition, this study found that normative solidarity is beneficial for young-adult daughters developing emotional closeness with fathers over time.

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The Relationship between Socio-economic Status and the Loss of Healthy Aging, and Relevant Gender Differences in the Japanese Older Population

Iryo To Shakai ◽

10.4091/iken.22.19 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 19-30 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Katsunori Kondo ◽

Toyo Ashida ◽

Hiroshi Hirai ◽

Jimpei Misawa ◽

Kayo Suzuki

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Healthy Aging ◽

Economic Status ◽

Older Population ◽

Socio Economic Status ◽

The Relationship

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Gender differences in a bilingual Tamil-English community

Australian Review of Applied Linguistics ◽

10.1075/aral.13.2.05sar ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 97-113

Author(s):

Vanithamani Saravan

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Psychological Factors ◽

Economic Status ◽

Linguistic Variation ◽

Economic Factors ◽

Linguistic Variables ◽

Socio Economic Status ◽

The Relationship ◽

Socio Economic Factors

Abstract In this paper the relationship between socio-cultural, socio-economic factors and linguistic variables in a bilingual community in Singapore is examined. The results show that education and socio-economic status correlate significantly with linguistic variables. Socio-economic status and socio-psychological factors best help to explain gender differences in linguistic variation.

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Gender differences in factors associated with body weight misperception

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980020003262 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Su Yeon Kye ◽

Keeho Park

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Body Weight ◽

Economic Status ◽

National Sample ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Healthy Weight ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Socio Economic Status ◽

Weight Misperception ◽

As Stress

Abstract Objective: Gender analysis in health research is important to strengthen our health system. The current study aimed to explore factors related to body weight misperception in a national sample of the general Korean population. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: South Korea, general population. Participants: 12,900 adults enrolled from the Seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2016–2018). Results: Disadvantageous socio-economic status was considered a predictor of participants’ misperceptions of themselves as being of a healthy weight despite being overweight and as underweight despite being of a healthy weight, mainly in men. Favourable socio-economic status was considered a predictor of participants’ misperceptions of themselves as being of a healthy weight despite being underweight and as overweight despite being of a healthy weight, mainly in women. Living in an urban area was an independent predictor of men’s misperception of themselves as being of a healthy weight despite being overweight and women’s misperception of themselves as being underweight despite being of a healthy weight. Physical inactivity was a predictor of most misperceptions in women. Psychological variables, such as stress and depression, were not significant predictors of misperception. Conclusions: The current study highlighted the gender differences in factors related to body weight misperception. These differences suggested that more sophisticated policies should be formulated to identify solutions to health problems related to body weight.

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Gender differences of students leadership in student organizations

10.32469/10355/67647 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Jamie LaMonds

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Economic Status ◽

Service Organizations ◽

Student Records ◽

Chi Square ◽

University Of Missouri ◽

Socio Economic Status ◽

Academic Standing ◽

Male Leadership ◽

The University

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT AUTHOR'S REQUEST.] This research examines the gender differences in leadership among students in a rural Midwestern high school as impacted by a sense of belongingness, socio-economic status (SES), academic standing (GPA), and attendance. It specifically focuses on a lack of male leadership within service organizations. An internationally normed survey is used to collect data related to belongingness. Remaining data were gathered through student records and a chi-square method of analysis was used to determine the findings. Factors found to negatively influence male leadership were low belongingness, low/medium GPA, and low/medium attendance. Socio-economic status had no impact on male leadership.

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Gender Differences in the Attitudes of Parents Living with Adult Children with Schizophrenia

Healthcare ◽

10.3390/healthcare9070836 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 836

Author(s):

Tzu-Pei Yeh ◽

Ying-Wen Lin ◽

Hsing-Yu Liu ◽

Tzu-Ching Yang ◽

Wen-Jiuan Yen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Adult Children ◽

Chinese Culture ◽

Medical Center ◽

Adult Daughters ◽

Qualitative Research Design ◽

The Family ◽

Central Taiwan ◽

Depth Interviews ◽

Taking Care

Background: This paper explored the gender differences in the attitudes of parents toward taking care of their adult daughters or sons with schizophrenia, and focused on how parents define and think about the roles of their children, and how they cope with fulfilling the expected roles. Methods: Qualitative research design and purpose sampling were used to enroll parents who had adult patients with schizophrenia at a medical center in central Taiwan. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted and content analysis was used to analyze the data. Results: Seven main themes emerged from the data provided by ten parents living with adult children with schizophrenia. Three themes that focused on gender difference are listed: parents continue to expect their sons with schizophrenia to carry on the family name; society as a whole expects males to be the “head of the family”; male family members are supposed to assume the responsibility of caring for siblings with schizophrenia. Conclusions: The results of the study could help clinical professionals to understand and have greater empathy with regard to the difficulties for families and the concerns of parents taking care of their children with schizophrenia in the specific context of Chinese culture, and to provide more efficient and responsive assistance.

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Widowhood and Its Harmful Practices: Causes, Effects and the Possible Way out for Widows and Women Folk

World Journal of Educational Research ◽

10.22158/wjer.v3n2p380 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 380

Author(s):

Dr. Adeyemo, C. Wuraola

Keyword(s):

Influencing Factors ◽

Early Stage ◽

Economic Status ◽

Traumatic Experience ◽

Skills Acquisition ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Southwestern Nigeria ◽

Girl Child ◽

Socio Economic Status ◽

Status Of Women

This study investigates widowhood practices in Nigeria in Southwestern, Nigeria. It particularly examines the influencing factors for the harmful widowhood practices in spite of modernization. The researcher discovered that there are certain cultural imbalances in the practice of widowhood between widows and widowers. And that the disorganizing and traumatic experience which accompanies the death of the husband tends to be greater than that which accompanies the death of the wife. The study revealed that; illiteracy, poverty, male-dominated society, poor socio-economic status of women, religion belief and traditional inheritance laws are factors responsible for the harmful practices. These directly and indirectly have negative effects on widows and their children. This study therefore recommends qualitative education for the girl-child at early stage, enlightenment programmes and vocational skills acquisition for all women, particularly widows, as means of reducing, if not totally eradicated the harmful rites, unjust discrimination and inhuman treatments against widows and the generality of women.

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