Lysophosphatidic Acid Increases Maturation of Brush Borders and SGLT1 Activity in MYO5B-deficient Mice, a Model of Microvillus Inclusion Disease

ABSTRACT Autotaxin (ATX), or nucleotide pyrophosphatase-phosphodiesterase 2, is a secreted lysophospholipase D that promotes cell migration, metastasis, and angiogenesis. ATX generates lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a lipid mitogen and motility factor that acts on several G protein-coupled receptors. Here we report that ATX-deficient mice die at embryonic day 9.5 (E9.5) with profound vascular defects in yolk sac and embryo resembling the Gα13 knockout phenotype. Furthermore, at E8.5, ATX-deficient embryos showed allantois malformation, neural tube defects, and asymmetric headfolds. The onset of these abnormalities coincided with increased expression of ATX and LPA receptors in normal embryos. ATX heterozygous mice appear healthy but show half-normal ATX activity and plasma LPA levels. Our results reveal a critical role for ATX in vascular development, indicate that ATX is the major LPA-producing enzyme in vivo, and suggest that the vascular defects in ATX-deficient embryos may be explained by loss of LPA signaling through Gα13.

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Lysophosphatidic acid signaling restores mislocalization of brush border proteins in MYO5B deficient mice

The FASEB Journal ◽

10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.869.3 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 33 (S1) ◽

Author(s):

Izumi Kaji ◽

Joseph TE Roland ◽

Amy C Engevik ◽

Anna E Goldstein ◽

Pradeep K Dudeja ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lysophosphatidic Acid ◽

Brush Border ◽

Deficient Mice ◽

Lysophosphatidic Acid Signaling

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Inhibition of lysophosphatidic acid receptors 1 and 3 attenuates atherosclerosis development in LDL-receptor deficient mice

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/srep37585 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Eva Kritikou ◽

Gijs H. M. van Puijvelde ◽

Thomas van der Heijden ◽

Peter J. van Santbrink ◽

Maarten Swart ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lysophosphatidic Acid ◽

Ldl Receptor ◽

Atherosclerosis Development ◽

Deficient Mice ◽

Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptors

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771 LYSOPHOSPHATIDIC ACID TREATMENT IMPROVES BRUSH BORDER MATURATION AND APICAL TRANSPORTER TRAFFICKING IN VIVO AND IN VITRO IN MYO5B DEFICIENT MICE, A MODEL OF MVID

Gastroenterology ◽

10.1016/s0016-5085(20)31089-1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 158 (6) ◽

pp. S-160-S-161

Author(s):

Izumi Kaji ◽

Joseph T. Roland ◽

Amy C. Engevik ◽

Anna E. Goldstein ◽

James R. Goldenring

Keyword(s):

Lysophosphatidic Acid ◽

Brush Border ◽

Acid Treatment ◽

Deficient Mice

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Adenomatoid Tumor of the Testis, A Mesonephric Hamartoma

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100065638 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 29 ◽

pp. 318-319

Author(s):

Raoul Fresco ◽

Mary Chang-Lo

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Epithelial Cells ◽

Fibrous Tissue ◽

Salient Feature ◽

Luminal Surface ◽

Adenomatoid Tumor ◽

Ultrastructural Studies ◽

Epithelial Origin ◽

Brush Borders ◽

Cell Processes

Confusion surrounds the nature of the “adenomatoid tumor” of the testis, as evidenced by the large number of synonyms which have been ascribed to it. Various authors have considered the tumor to be of endothelial, mesothelial or epithelial origin. There appears to be no controversy as to the stromal elements of the tumor, which consists mainly of smooth muscle and fibrous tissue. It is the irregular gland-like spaces which have given rise to the numerous theories as to its histogenesis, and even recent ultrastructural studies fail to agree on the origin of these structures.Electron microscopy of a typical intrascrotal adenomatoid tumor showed the gland-like spaces to be lined by epithelial cells (Fig. 1), rich in cytoplasmic tonofibrils and united to each other by numerous desmosomes (Fig. 2). The most salient feature of these epithelial cells was the presence on their luminal surface of numerous long and repeatedly branching microvillous structures of the type known as stereocilia (Fig. 3). These are extremely long slender cell processes which are as much as three to four times the length of those in brush borders.

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Scanning Electron Microscopy of Human Jejunum in Whipple's Disease

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100079279 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 35 ◽

pp. 354-355

Author(s):

John H. L. Watson ◽

C. N. Sun

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Basement Membrane ◽

Lamina Propria ◽

Brush Border ◽

Whipple’S Disease ◽

Whipple's Disease ◽

Biopsy Specimens ◽

Brush Borders ◽

Scanning Electron

That the etiology of Whipple's disease could be bacterial was first suggested from electron micrographs in 1960. Evidence for binary fission of the bacteria, their phagocytosis by histiocytes in the lamina propria, their occurrence between and within the cells of the epithelium and on the brush border of the lumen were reported later. Scanning electron microscopy has been applied by us in an attempt to confirm the earlier observations by the new technique and to describe the bacterium further. Both transmission and scanning electron microscopy have been used concurrently to study the same biopsy specimens, and transmission observations have been used to confirm those made by scanning.The locations of the brush borders, the columnar epithelial cells, the basement membrane and the lamina propria beneath it were each easily identified by scanning electron microscopy. The lamina propria was completely filled with the wiener-shaped bacteria, Fig. 1.

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Comparison of localization of metallothionein in tissues of metallothionein-deficient mice

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100141585 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 53 ◽

pp. 1042-1043

Author(s):

H. Nishimura ◽

R Nishimura ◽

D.L. Adelson ◽

A.E. Michaelska ◽

K.H.A. Choo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metal Binding ◽

Immunohistochemical Staining ◽

Squamous Epithelium ◽

Rabbit Antiserum ◽

Slight Modification ◽

Positive Control ◽

Heavy Metal Binding ◽

Critical Organ ◽

Metal Binding Protein ◽

Deficient Mice

Metallothionein (MT), a cysteine-rich heavy metal binding protein, has several isoforms designated from I to IV. Its major isoforms, I and II, can be induced by heavy metals like cadmium (Cd) and, are present in various organs of man and animals. Rodent testes are a critical organ to Cd and it is still a controversial matter whether MT exists in the testis although it is clear that MT is not induced by Cd in this tissue. MT-IV mRNA was found to localize within tongue squamous epithelium. Whether MT-III is present mainly glial cells or neurons has become a debatable topic. In the present study, we have utilized MT-I and II gene targeted mice and compared MT localization in various tissues from both MT-deficient mice and C57Black/6J mice (C57BL) which were used as an MT-positive control. For MT immunostaining, we have used rabbit antiserum against rat MT-I known to cross-react with mammalian MT-I and II and human MT-III. Immunohistochemical staining was conducted by the method described in the previous paper with a slight modification after the tissues were fixed in HistoChoice and embedded in paraffin.

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