Cranio-facial distraction osteogenesis: a review of the literature. Part II: experimental studies

2002 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Swennen ◽  
R. Dempf ◽  
H. Schliephake
Keyword(s):  
Distraction Osteogenesis ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Review Of The Literature

Amplitude and phase of cerebrospinal fluid pulsations: experimental studies and review of the literature

2006 ◽  
Vol 104 (5) ◽  
pp. 810-819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark E. Wagshul ◽  
John J. Chen ◽  
Michael R. Egnor ◽  
Erin J. McCormack ◽  
Patricia E. Roche
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Communicating Hydrocephalus ◽  
Phase Lag ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Csf Flow ◽  
Prepontine Cistern ◽  
The Brain

Object A recently developed model of communicating hydrocephalus suggests that ventricular dilation may be related to the redistribution of pulsations in the cranium from the subarachnoid spaces (SASs) into the ventricles. Based on this model, the authors have developed a method for analyzing flow pulsatility in the brain by using the ratio of aqueductal to cervical subarachnoid stroke volume and the phase of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow, which is obtained at multiple locations throughout the cranium, relative to the phase of arterial flow. Methods Flow data were collected in a group of 15 healthy volunteers by using a series of images acquired with cardiac-gated, phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging. The stroke volume ratio was 5.1 ± 1.8% (mean ± standard deviation). The phase lag in the aqueduct was −52.5 ± 16.5° and the phase lag in the prepontine cistern was −22.1 ± 8.2°. The flow phase at the level of C-2 was +5.1 ± 10.5°, which was consistent with flow synchronous with the arterial pulse. The subarachnoid phase lag ventral to the pons was shown to decrease progressively to zero at the craniocervical junction. Flow in the posterior cervical SAS preceded the anterior space flow. Conclusions Under normal conditions, pulsatile ventricular CSF flow is a small fraction of the net pulsatile CSF flow in the cranium. A thorough review of the literature supports the view that modified intracranial compliance can lead to redistribution of pulsations and increased intraventricular pulsations. The phase of CSF flow may also reflect the local and global compliance of the brain.

Nonlaminar Behavior in Bearings: A Critical Review of the Literature

1974 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 174-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Saibel ◽  
N. A. Macken
Keyword(s):  
Flow Field ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
The State ◽  
Basic Flow ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Design Data

The state-of-the-art of nonlaminar behavior in bearings is presented. Analytical and experimental studies are discussed. It is pointed out that the basic flow field is still not clearly understood, and that there is much more information needed before design data can be accurately predicted.

Should we add smells in simulation training? A systematic review of smells in healthcare-related simulation training

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel John Wilfrid Kent ◽  
Frances Helen Kent ◽  
Craig William Brown ◽  
Ian Gordon Morrison ◽  
Jerry Charles Morse
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Simulation Training ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Coping Mechanisms ◽  
Medical Simulation ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Olfactory Stimuli ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Medical Simulation Training

Olfactory stimuli are rarely used in healthcare-related simulation training. Their addition may improve simulator validity, biographical memory formation and coping mechanisms for exposure to strong malodours. Some military simulators already employ smells in simulation training, and the technology and principles may be used to cross over into medical simulation training. We set out to determine if there is evidence to suggest that smell should be routinely incorporated into medical simulation training. We carried out a systematic review of the literature relating to use of olfactory stimuli in medical simulation training, and identified 5 relevant papers. 3 were experimental studies and 2 were observational studies. The results of the experimental studies were mixed, though there were some indications that the use of a clinically relevant smell instead of a congruent background smell may be more effective. We discuss the benefits of the inclusion of smell in simulation training and identify that there are currently few high-quality studies addressing the use of smell in medical simulation training.

scholarly journals Modern learning approaches in higher education: A review of the literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 418-478
Author(s):  
Ulkar Sattarova ◽  
Wim Groot ◽  
Jelena Arsenijevic
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Medical Engineering ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
University Policy ◽  
Student Centred Learning ◽  
Developing And Developed Countries

This paper provides a review of the literature on the evaluation of two learning approaches in higher education: problem-based learning (PBL) and student-centred learning (SCL). We were interested in dissemination of these learning approaches in higher education in both developing and developed countries. We identified 47 experimental and quasi-experimental studies published before March 2020, from medical, engineering and other fields of higher education. Historically PBL has been mostly applied in medical, health and related disciplines. Over the years, PBL and SCL have been successfully applied in other disciplines as well. Articles on university policy-making and historical-analytical ones are included too. Around 70% of the articles have an experimental design. Sample sizes range from 15 to 1404 persons, including both students and tutors. Most of the studies report positive outcomes. We aimed to show whether PBL and SCL can be effectively applied in engineering and other fields worldwide (in both developing and developed countries), as many polytechnic and engineering universities are debating concerning new learning approaches. It is evident from the articles in the review that these approaches need to be adapted depending on the field of education and the initial conditions (evaluation rules, level of familiarisation with these approaches of students) in the university. Besides, most authors are interested in the modernisation of these approaches.

Electrical Stimulation of the Auditory Nerve and Auditory Prostheses: A Review of the Literature

1977 ◽  
Vol 86 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 11-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Bilger
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Auditory Nerve ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Auditory Prostheses ◽  
Stimulation Of

The literature dealing with implanted auditory prostheses is reviewed in terms of experimental studies in men and animals.

Children who Lie: A Review of the Literature

1986 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 665-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leopoldo Chagoya ◽  
Theo Schkolne
Keyword(s):  
Moral Development ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Frames Of Reference ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Review Of The Literature

In this paper we review 18 years of literature on the causes and management of lying in children. Developmental, psychoanalytic, interactional and sociological frames of reference have been applied in different papers to understand this phenomenon of childhood and adolescence. In recent years, some experimental studies confirm developmental concepts, yet others suggest that children of the eighties are changing in their moral development. The scarcity of references on the management of lying as a symptom is noted.

Current and potential biomarkers in gastric cancer: a critical review of the literature

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramon Andrade de Mello ◽  
Giovanna Araujo Amaral ◽  
Nathália Moisés Neves ◽  
Estela Gudin Lippo ◽  
Fernanda Parini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Cancer Metastasis ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Cancer Biomarkers ◽  
Cancer Epidemiology ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Tissue Degradation ◽  
Potential Biomarkers

Gastric cancer is the fourth most common type of cancer worldwide and the second most lethal. Gastric cancer biomarkers can be used for diagnosis, prediction of sensitivity to treatment, and prognosis. The following search terms were applied to PubMed as of December 2020: ‘gastric cancer classification’, ‘gastric cancer epidemiology’, ‘cancer metastasis’ and ‘gastric cancer biomarker’. Only experimental studies were reported in the ‘biomarkers’ section. Some biomarkers can serve as therapeutic targets for antitumoral drugs. The genes analyzed include E-cadherin, RPRM, XAF1, MINT25, TFF1, p16 and p53. The miRNAs analyzed include miR-18a, miR185-5p, miR-125b and miR-21. Some molecules were associated with metastasis of gastric cancer, specifically those involved with EMT process and tissue degradation.

STUDIES IN ACUTE IRON POISONING. I. DESFERRIOXAMINE IN THE TREATMENT OF ACUTE IRON POISONING: CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS, EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES, AND THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 322-335
Author(s):  
Charles F. Whitten ◽  
George W. Gibson ◽  
Mary H. Good ◽  
Jesse F. Goodwin ◽  
A. Joseph Brough
Keyword(s):  
Ferrous Sulfate ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Iron Salts ◽  
Iron Poisoning ◽  
Theoretical Considerations

1. Thirteen children who had ingested iron salts were treated with a combination of enteral and parenteral Desferrioxamine. Although all recovered, a review of the literature indicates that criteria are not available to determine whether the treatment was responsible for their survival. 2. Three of 9 dogs recovered when treated with enteral and intravenous [See Table XII. in Source Pdf.] Desferrioxamine, which was started 1 hour after the administration of a L D.100 dose of ferrous sulfate. 3. Desferrioxamine does not prevent the absorption of the quantities of iron involved in acute iron poisoning. 4. Further studies are essential to: (a) establish criteria for determining the quantity of Desferrioxamine to use in individual cases so that maximum effectiveness will be achieved without producing serious toxicity, and (b) to determine whether toxicity from the iron-desferrioxamine complex can be prevented.

Intracranial Migration of Halo Fixation Pins: A Complication of Using an Extraoral Distraction Device

2001 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bach T. Le ◽  
James M. Eyre ◽  
Monica C. Wehby ◽  
Michael J. Wheatley
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Distraction Osteogenesis ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Neurological Sequelae ◽  
Maxillary Hypoplasia ◽  
Distraction Device ◽  
Intravenous Antibiotics ◽  
Halo Device

Objective: Distraction osteogenesis is a well-accepted technique in the treatment of patients with hypoplastic craniofacial components. Complications of distraction osteogenesis are well described in the literature. We describe a complication of using an external distraction device in a 9-year-old girl with Pfeiffer. Intervention and Results: A modified Lefort III osteotomy was performed for maxillary hypoplasia with application of an external distraction halo device by a pediatric neurosurgeon. A postoperative computed tomography (CT) scan showed 0.5-cm skull penetration of the cranial pins. The pins were repositioned and the patient was followed up on a regular basis until discharge from the hospital. At 3-week follow-up, a CT scan of the head showed migration of the pins 1.5 cm intracranially. The halo was removed and repositioned at a different site. No detectable neurological sequelae from the pin penetration were noted. The patient developed cellulitis at the site of the penetration and was admitted to the hospital for a course of intravenous antibiotics. There were no other complications, and the rest of her treatment course proceeded as planned. A review of the literature on complications of halo usage as well as suggestions for their management in association with distraction osteogenesis is described.

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