Current and potential biomarkers in gastric cancer: a critical review of the literature

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramon Andrade de Mello ◽  
Giovanna Araujo Amaral ◽  
Nathália Moisés Neves ◽  
Estela Gudin Lippo ◽  
Fernanda Parini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Cancer Metastasis ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Cancer Biomarkers ◽  
Cancer Epidemiology ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Tissue Degradation ◽  
Potential Biomarkers

Gastric cancer is the fourth most common type of cancer worldwide and the second most lethal. Gastric cancer biomarkers can be used for diagnosis, prediction of sensitivity to treatment, and prognosis. The following search terms were applied to PubMed as of December 2020: ‘gastric cancer classification’, ‘gastric cancer epidemiology’, ‘cancer metastasis’ and ‘gastric cancer biomarker’. Only experimental studies were reported in the ‘biomarkers’ section. Some biomarkers can serve as therapeutic targets for antitumoral drugs. The genes analyzed include E-cadherin, RPRM, XAF1, MINT25, TFF1, p16 and p53. The miRNAs analyzed include miR-18a, miR185-5p, miR-125b and miR-21. Some molecules were associated with metastasis of gastric cancer, specifically those involved with EMT process and tissue degradation.

Identification of novel autoantibodies in ascites of relapsed paclitaxel-resistant gastric cancer with peritoneal metastasis using immunome protein microarrays and proteomics

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Zhongyin Yang ◽  
Chao Yan ◽  
Wentao Liu ◽  
Wei Xu ◽  
Chen Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Peritoneal Metastasis ◽  
Quantitative Proteomics ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Protein Microarrays ◽  
Tandem Mass ◽  
Tandem Mass Tag ◽  
Resistant Group ◽  
Potential Biomarkers

BACKGROUND: Gastric cancer (GC) patients with peritoneal metastasis usually have extremely poor prognosis. Intraperitoneal infusion of paclitaxel (PTX) provides an effective treatment, but relapse and PTX-resistance are unavoidable disadvantages, and it is difficult to monitor the occurrence of PTX-resistance. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to explore novel autoantibodies in the ascites of individuals with relapsed PTX-resistant GC with peritoneal metastasis. METHODS: Ascites samples were collected before PTX infusion and after the relapse in 3 GC patients. To determine the expression of significantly changed proteins, we performed autoantibody profiling with immunome protein microarrays and tandem mass tag (TMT) quantitative proteomics, and then, the overlapping proteins were selected. RESULTS: Thirty-eight autoantibodies that were differentially expressed between the ascites in the untreated group and relapsed PTX-resistant group were identified. For confirmation of the results, TMT quantitative proteomics was performed, and 842 dysregulated proteins were identified. Four proteins, TPM3, EFHD2, KRT19 and vimentin, overlapped between these two assays. CONCLUSIONS: Our results first revealed that TPM3, EFHD2, KRT19 and vimentin were novel autoantibodies in the ascites of relapsed PTX-resistant GC patients. These autoantibodies may be used as potential biomarkers to monitor the occurrence of PTX-resistance.

scholarly journals Mirtronic miR-4646-5p promotes gastric cancer metastasis by regulating ABHD16A and metabolite lysophosphatidylserines

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liping Yang ◽  
Yixuan Hou ◽  
Yan-e Du ◽  
Qiao Li ◽  
Fanlin Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Gastric Cancer Cell ◽  
Cancer Metastasis ◽  
Host Gene ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarker ◽  
Invasion And Metastasis ◽  
Gastric Cancer Cells ◽  
Tumor Progress ◽  
Abnormal Lipid Metabolism

AbstractThe aberrant classical miRNAs are considered to play significant roles in tumor progression. However, it remains unclear for nonclassical miRNAs, a set of Drosha-independent miRNAs in the process of various biology. Here, we reveal that a nonclassical miR-4646-5p plays a pivotal role in gastric cancer (GC) metastasis. MiR-4646-5p, one of Drosha-independent mirtronic miRNA, is aberrant up-regulated in Drosha-low expressed GC and Drosha-knockdown gastric cancer cells. Mirtronic miR-4646-5p is a specific transcription splicing product of intron 3 of the host gene Abhd16a with the aid of SRSF2. The enhanced miR-4646-5p can stabilize HIF1A by targeting PHD3 to positive feedback regulate Abhd16a and miR-4646-5p itself expressions. ABHD16A, as an emerging phosphatidylserine-specific lipase, involves in lipid metabolism leading to lysophosphatidylserines (lyso-PSs) accumulation, which stimulates RhoA and downstream LIMK/cofilin cascade activity through GPR34/Gi subunit, thus causes metastasis of gastric cancer. In addition, miR-4646-5p/PHD3/HIF1A signaling can also up-regulate RhoA expression and synergistically promote gastric cancer cell invasion and metastasis. Our study provides new insights of nonclassical mirtronic miRNA on tumor progress and may serve as a new diagnostic biomarker for gastric cancer. MiR-4646-5p and its host gene Abhd16a mediated abnormal lipid metabolism may be a new target for clinical treatment of gastric cancer.

scholarly journals Suprafascial Free Flaps: Classification and Comprehensive Review of the Literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 247275122110205
Author(s):  
Sebastian Rios ◽  
María Isabel Falguera-Uceda ◽  
Alicia Dean ◽  
Susana Heredero
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Preoperative Planning ◽  
Donor Site ◽  
Free Flaps ◽  
Donor Site Morbidity ◽  
Anterolateral Thigh Flap ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Search Terms

Study Design: Suprafascial free flaps have become common place in reconstructive surgery units. Nomenclature related to these flaps has not been uniform throughout the scientific literature, especially in regard to planes of dissection. This study is designed as a comprehensive review of the literature. Objectives: Our study highlights which flaps are used most frequently, their main indications, their survival rate, and how they have evolved in the last few decades as innovations have been introduced. Methods: A review of the literature was performed using keywords and Medical Subject Headings search terms. PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched using the appropriate search terms. Data collected from each study included flap type, dissection plane, preoperative planning, area of reconstruction, as well as complications, donor-site morbidity and survival rate. Results: Seven hundred and fifty-five studies were found based on the search criteria. After full-text screening for inclusion and exclusion criteria 34 studies were included. A total of 1332 patients were comprised in these studies. The most common types of flaps used were superficial circumflex iliac perforator flap (SCIP), anterolateral thigh flap (ALT), and radial forearm flap. The most common areas of reconstruction were head & neck and limbs. There was no significant difference in survival rates between flaps that were raised in different planes of dissection. Conclusions: Based on the author’s review of the literature, suprafascial flaps are reliable, they have low donor site morbidity, and there is a wide selection available for harvest. The use of new technologies for preoperative planning, such as CT-Angiography and UHF ultrasound, have contributed to have more predictable results. We propose a standardized classification for these flaps, in order to create a uniform nomenclature for future reference.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Surgery for the Treatment of Gastric Cancer Liver Metastases: A Systematic Review of the Literature and Meta-Analysis of Prognostic Factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1141
Author(s):  
Gianpaolo Marte ◽  
Andrea Tufo ◽  
Francesca Steccanella ◽  
Ester Marra ◽  
Piera Federico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Prognostic Factors ◽  
Liver Metastases ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Multidisciplinary Treatment ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
The Impact

Background: In the last 10 years, the management of patients with gastric cancer liver metastases (GCLM) has changed from chemotherapy alone, towards a multidisciplinary treatment with liver surgery playing a leading role. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to assess the efficacy of hepatectomy for GCLM and to analyze the impact of related prognostic factors on long-term outcomes. Methods: The databases PubMed (Medline), EMBASE, and Google Scholar were searched for relevant articles from January 2010 to September 2020. We included prospective and retrospective studies that reported the outcomes after hepatectomy for GCLM. A systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis of prognostic factors was performed. Results: We included 40 studies, including 1573 participants who underwent hepatic resection for GCLM. Post-operative morbidity and 30-day mortality rates were 24.7% and 1.6%, respectively. One-year, 3-years, and 5-years overall survival (OS) were 72%, 37%, and 26%, respectively. The 1-year, 3-years, and 5-years disease-free survival (DFS) were 44%, 24%, and 22%, respectively. Well-moderately differentiated tumors, pT1–2 and pN0–1 adenocarcinoma, R0 resection, the presence of solitary metastasis, unilobar metastases, metachronous metastasis, and chemotherapy were all strongly positively associated to better OS and DFS. Conclusion: In the present study, we demonstrated that hepatectomy for GCLM is feasible and provides benefits in terms of long-term survival. Identification of patient subgroups that could benefit from surgical treatment is mandatory in a multidisciplinary setting.

scholarly journals Long Noncoding RNA Lnc-TLN2-4:1 Suppresses Gastric Cancer Metastasis and Is Associated with Patient Survival

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Yuyun Wu ◽  
Ningbo Hao ◽  
Suming Wang ◽  
Xin Yang ◽  
Yufeng Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Overall Survival ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Tumor Metastasis ◽  
Cancer Metastasis ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Migration And Invasion ◽  
Poor Overall Survival ◽  
Low Expression ◽  
Overall Survival Rates

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide, and the tumor metastasis leads to poor outcomes of GC patients. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as new regulatory molecules that play a crucial role in tumor metastasis. However, the biological function and underlying mechanism of numerous lncRNAs in GC metastasis remain largely unclear. Here, we report a novel lncRNA, lnc-TLN2-4:1, whose expression is decreased in GC tissue versus matched normal tissue, and its low expression is involved in the lymph node and distant metastases of GC, as well as poor overall survival rates of GC patients. We further found that lnc-TLN2-4:1 inhibits the ability of GC cells to migrate and invade but does not influence GC cell proliferation and confirmed that lnc-TLN2-4:1 is mainly located in the cytoplasm of GC cells. We then found that lnc-TLN2-4:1 increases the mRNA and protein expression of TLN2 in GC cells and there is a positive correlation between the expression of lnc-TLN2-4:1 and TLN2 mRNA in GC tissue. Collectively, we identified a novel lncRNA, lnc-TLN2-4:1, in GC, where lnc-TLN2-4:1 represses cell migration and invasion. The low expression of lnc-TLN2-4:1 is associated with poor overall survival rates of GC patients. These suggest that lnc-TLN2-4:1 may be a tumor suppressor during GC metastasis.

scholarly journals Development of a Novel Orthotopic Gastric Cancer Mouse Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wonyoung Kang ◽  
Leigh Maher ◽  
Michael Michaud ◽  
Seong-Woo Bae ◽  
Seongyeong Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Mouse Models ◽  
Cancer Metastasis ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Tumor Formation ◽  
Cancer Model ◽  
Orthotopic Model ◽  
Cancer Models ◽  
Organotropic Metastasis ◽  
Nsg Mouse

Abstract Background Gastric cancer metastasis is a highly fatal disease with a five-year survival rate of less than 5%. One major obstacle in studying gastric cancer metastasis is the lack of faithful models available. The cancer xenograft mouse models are widely used to elucidate the mechanisms of cancer development and progression. Current procedures for creating cancer xenografts include both heterotopic (i.e., subcutaneous) and orthotopic transplantation methods. Compared to the heterotopic model, the orthotopic model has been shown to be the more clinically relevant design as it enables the development of cancer metastasis. Although there are several methods in use to develop the orthotopic gastric cancer model, there is not a model which uses various types of tumor materials, such as soft tissues, semi-liquid tissues, or culture derivatives, due to the technical challenges. Thus, developing the applicable orthotopic model which can utilize various tumor materials is essential. Results To overcome the known limitations of the current orthotopic gastric cancer models, such as exposure of tumor fragments to the neighboring organs or only using firm tissues for the orthotopic implantation, we have developed a new method allowing for the complete insertion of soft tissue fragments or homogeneously minced tissues into the stomach submucosa layer of the immunodeficient NOD.Cg-Prkdcscid Il2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ (NSG) mouse. With this completely-closed transplantation method, tumors with various types of tissue may be used to establish orthotopic gastric cancer models without the risks of exposure to nearby organs or cell leakage. This surgical procedure was highly reproducible in generating forty-eight mouse models with a surgery success rate of 96% and tumor formation of 93%. Among four orthotopic patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models that we generated in this study, we verified that the occurrence of organotropic metastasis in either the liver or peritoneal cavity was the same as that of the donor patients. Conclusion Here we describe a new protocol, step by step, for the establishment of orthotopic xenograft of gastric cancer. This novel technique will be able to increase the use of orthotopic models in broader applications for not only gastric cancer research but also any research related to the stomach microenvironment.

Intestinal bacteria are potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for gastric cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 151 ◽  
pp. 104747
Author(s):  
Shili Liu ◽  
Jianjian Dai ◽  
Xiang Lan ◽  
Bingbing Fan ◽  
Tianyi Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Therapeutic Targets ◽  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
Potential Biomarkers
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