Impflücken und Impfnebenwirkungen – eine aktuelle Übersicht

2019 ◽  
Vol 144 (04) ◽  
pp. 244-253
Author(s):  
Christian Bogdan
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
Immunological Mechanisms ◽  
Adolescents And Adults

AbstractThe success of vaccination programs is jeopardized by gaps in vaccine coverage of the target population. These are frequently due to a lack of awareness, but also result from misconceptions of adverse effects of vaccines. Subject of this article are the current vaccination rates of children, adolescents and adults as well as of medical personnel in Germany, the reporting and surveillance system for adverse effects of vaccines, the magnitude of registered permanent vaccine-induced damages and the possible immunological mechanisms underlying vaccine-triggered autoimmune diseases.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Vaccination Program in China: a Subnational Descriptive Analysis on Target Population Size and Current Progress

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Zheng ◽  
Xuemei Yan ◽  
Zeyao Zhao ◽  
Juan Yang ◽  
Hongjie Yu
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Vaccination Program ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Provincial Level ◽  
Long Run

Abstract Introduction: China is facing substantial risks of imported COVID-19 cases and a domestic resurgence in the long run, and COVID-19 vaccination is expected to be the long-lasting solution to end the pandemic. We aim to estimate the size of the target population for COVID-19 vaccination at the provincial level and summarize the current progress of vaccination programs, which could support local governments in the timely determination and adjustment of vaccination policies and promotional measures.Methods: By extracting provincial-stratified data from publicly available sources, we estimated the size of priority target groups for vaccination programs and further characterized the ongoing COVID-19 vaccination program at the provincial level, including the total doses administered, the coverage rate, and the vaccination capacity needed to achieve the target coverage of 70%.Results: The size of the target population shows large differences among provinces, ranging from 3.5 million to 115.2 million. As of June 10, the speed of vaccine roll-out differs remarkably as well, with the highest coverage occurring in Beijing and Shanghai, where 69.8% and 62.3% of the population is fully vaccinated, respectively. However, in 19 of 31 provinces, less than 40% of the population was administered at least one dose, in 9 of which the proportion was even less than 30%. Compared to the routine vaccination capacity before the COVID-19 pandemic, the COVID-19 vaccination capacity has greatly improved. Nevertheless, the current vaccination capacity is far lower than the target of 70% coverage by the end of 2021 or by mid-2022 in approximately 5%-20% of provinces, particularly the Guizhou, Yunnan, Xinjiang, Fujian and Hebei provinces.Conclusions: Large disparities exist in the target population size and vaccination progress across provinces in China. Vaccine coverage is far from meeting the herd immunity threshold, and the vaccination service capacity needs to be further improved.

scholarly journals Global diversity of policy, coverage, and demand of COVID-19 vaccines: a descriptive study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyuan Chen ◽  
Wen Zheng ◽  
Qianhui Wu ◽  
Xinghui Chen ◽  
Cheng Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Healthcare Access ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Primary Immunization ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Target Populations

Summary Background Hundreds of millions of doses of COVID-19 vaccines have been administered globally, but progress in vaccination varies considerably between countries. We aim to provide an overall picture of COVID-19 vaccination campaigns, including policy, coverage, and demand of COVID-19 vaccines. Methods We conducted a descriptive study of vaccination policy and doses administered data obtained from multiple public sources as of 23 October 2021. We used these data to develop coverage indicators and explore associations of vaccine coverage with socioeconomic and healthcare-related factors. We estimated vaccine demand as numbers of doses required to complete vaccination of target populations of countries according to their national immunization program policies. Findings Use of both mRNA and adenovirus vectored vaccines was the most commonly used COVID-19 vaccines formulary in high-income countries, while adenovirus vectored vaccines were the most widely used vaccines worldwide (176 countries). Almost all countries (98.3%, 173/176) have authorized vaccines for the general public, with 53.4% (94/176) targeting individuals over 12 years and 33.0% (58/176) targeting those ≥18 years. Forty-one and sixty-seven countries have started additional-dose and booster-dose vaccination programs, respectively. Globally, there have been 116.5 doses administered per 100 target population, although with marked inter-region and inter-country heterogeneity. Completed vaccination series coverage ranged from 0% to more than 95.0% of country target populations, and numbers of doses administered ranged from 0 to 239.6 per 100 target population. Doses administered per 100 total population correlated with healthcare access and quality index (R2 = 0.58), socio-demographic index (R2 = 0.56), and GDP per capita (R2 = 0.65). At least 5.54 billion doses will be required to complete interim vaccination programs: 4.65 billion for primary immunization and 0.89 billion for additional/booster programs. Globally, 0.84 and 0.96 dose per individual in the target population are needed for primary immunization and additional/booster programs, respectively. Interpretation There is wide country-level disparity and inequity in COVID-19 vaccines rollout, suggesting large gaps in immunity, especially in low-income countries.

scholarly journals COVID-19 vaccination program in the mainland of China: a subnational descriptive analysis on target population size and current progress

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Zheng ◽  
Xuemei Yan ◽  
Zeyao Zhao ◽  
Juan Yang ◽  
Hongjie Yu
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Vaccination Program ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Provincial Level ◽  
The Mainland Of China ◽  
Roll Out

Abstract Background China is facing substantial risks of imported coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases and a domestic resurgence in the long run, and COVID-19 vaccination is expected to be the long-lasting solution to end the pandemic. We aim to estimate the size of the target population for COVID-19 vaccination at the provincial level in the mainland of China, and summarize the current progress of vaccination programs, which could support local governments in the timely determination and adjustment of vaccination policies and promotional measures. Methods We conducted a descriptive study of the entire population in the mainland of China, between December 2020 and August 2021. By extracting provincial-stratified data from publicly available sources, we estimated the size of priority target groups for vaccination programs, and further characterized the ongoing vaccination program at the provincial level, including the total doses administered, the coverage rate, and the vaccination capacity needed to achieve the target coverage of 80% by the end of 2021. We used R (version 4.1.0) to complete the descriptive statistics. Results The size of the target population shows large differences among provinces, ranging from 3.4 million to 108.4 million. As of 31 August, 2021, the speed of vaccine roll-out differs considerably as well, with the highest coverage occurring in Beijing and Shanghai, where 88.5% and 79.1% of the population has been fully vaccinated, respectively. In 22 of 31 provincial-level administrative divisions (PLADs), more than 70% of the population was administered at least one dose by August. With the current vaccination capacity, the target of 80% coverage could be achieved by 2021 in 28 PLADs. Conclusions Disparities exist in the target population size and vaccination progress across provinces in the mainland of China. China has made great strides in the vaccination speed since roll-out, and could basically achieve the targeted vaccine coverage. Graphic Abstract

scholarly journals Perceptions and Knowledge About the MenB Vaccine Among Parents of High School Students

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Richardson ◽  
Kathleen A. Ryan ◽  
Robert M. Lawrence ◽  
Christopher A. Harle ◽  
Alyson Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Health Belief ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Parent Report ◽  
Medical Decision ◽  
School Students ◽  
Vaccination Rates

AbstractSerogroup B meningococcal disease (MenB) causes almost 60% of meningitis cases among adolescents and young adults. Yet, MenB vaccine coverage among adolescents remains below 10%. Since parents are the primary medical decision makers for adolescents, we examined MenB vaccination rates and parent attitudes about meningitis and the MenB vaccine. In 2018, in conjunction with a county-wide, school-based immunization campaign, we conducted a mixed methods study among parents of 16- to 17-year-olds. We facilitated focus groups asking parents about their knowledge of meningitis and reactions to educational materials and sent behavioral surveys based on Health Belief Model constructs to parents through the county high school system. Parents in three focus groups (n = 8; participation rate = 13%) expressed confusion about their child’s need to receive the MenB vaccine in addition to the meningococcal conjugate vaccine (MenACWY), but conveyed strong trust in their physicians’ recommendation. Among survey participants (n = 170), 70 (41%) had heard of the MenB vaccine. Among those 70 parents, the most common barriers to vaccination were concerns about side effects (55%) and uncertainty of susceptibility due to receipt of the MenACWY vaccine (30%). The percentage of teens that received at least one dose of the MenB vaccine was 50% (n = 35) by parent report and 23% (n = 16) by state vaccination records. Parents demonstrated uncertainty and confusion about the MenB vaccine particularly due to the existence of another meningitis vaccine and limited health care provider recommendations. Confirmatory studies of parent confusion about the MenB vaccine are needed to develop interventions.

Special Considerations in the Use of Glucocorticoids in Children

1995 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 266-272
Author(s):  
Joseph D. Spahn ◽  
Alan K. Kamada
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities ◽  
High Doses

GCs are used commonly for the treatment of various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Although potent and generally effective, they are not without risks for producing serious adverse effects, especially when used in high doses for prolonged periods of time. Thus, the clinician must balance the therapeutic effects of GCs with their risks for adverse effects; using the lowest possible effective GC doses as well as maximizing other therapeutic modalities are means by which this goal can be achieved. Early recognition and appropriate management are other methods to minimize GC-induced adverse effects. Maximization of therapy, early recognition, and appropriate management of adverse effects can minimize the potential severe complications of GC therapy.

scholarly journals Influenza vaccine uptake among adults living with young children

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nirma Khatri Vadlamudi ◽  
Fawziah Marra
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Perceived Health ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
Vaccination Uptake

Background: Many studies report vaccine uptake among young adults aged 18 to 49 years is low. In Canada, the National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI) recommends influenza vaccination for adults in contact with young children, however vaccination rates for this specific population are missing. An estimate is required to identify appropriate public health interventions. The objective of this study was to describe recent trends in influenza vaccination uptake among Canadian adults aged 18 to 49 years old living with or without young children.Methods: The Canadian Community Health Survey (2013-2014) dataset, available for public use was used after grouping individuals by influenza vaccination uptake within the past year in adults aged 18 to 49 years.  The relationship between living in a household with young children and influenza vaccination uptake was examined using a multivariable logistic regression model.Results: Among Canadian adults aged 18 to 49 years, the influenza vaccination uptake was 24.1% in adult household contacts with young children compared to 18.2% in those without young children (p<.0001). After adjusting for socio-demographic characteristics and self-perceived health, we determined that vaccine uptake was associated with living in a household with young children (adjusted OR: 1.30 [95%CI: 1.17-1.44]). While socio-demographic characteristics and self-perceived health greatly influenced influenza vaccination uptake, we also found marital status was a strong influencer of influenza vaccine uptake (adjusted OR:  1.31 [95%CI: 1.16-1.48]). Conclusion: Overall, influenza vaccination uptake among caregiving adults is low. Increased vaccine uptake was associated with living in a household with one or more young children. Targeted education and vaccination programs are required to improve uptake of the influenza vaccine in this age group.

Adverse Effects of Intravenous Immunoglobulin Therapy in 56 Patients with Autoimmune Diseases

Pharmacology ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaniv Sherer ◽  
Yair Levy ◽  
Pnina Langevitz ◽  
Lubica Rauova ◽  
Fabrizzio Fabrizzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Intravenous Immunoglobulin ◽  
Immunoglobulin Therapy ◽  
Intravenous Immunoglobulin Therapy

scholarly journals Improving the accuracy of ACIR data and increasing vaccination rates

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thaïs A Miles ◽  
Linda V Granger ◽  
Colleen L Gately
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Health Unit ◽  
Quality Improvement Activity ◽  
Childhood Immunisation ◽  
Central Coast ◽  
Vaccine Preventable Diseases ◽  
Vaccination Rates

Immunisation at the earliest appropriate age and high levels of vaccine coverage at milestone ages are important in preventing the spread of vaccine-preventable diseases. At the Central Coast Public Health Unit, the authors sought to determine if follow-up of children said by the Australian Childhood Immunisation Register (ACIR) to be overdue for vaccination improved both of these factors. In a quality improvement activity, monthly ACIR lists of overdue Central Coast children aged 9 to 10 months of age were examined. The study alternated three months of intervention with three months of no intervention. The intervention was designed to find evidence of vaccination, first from the last known provider, and then if this was unsuccessful, from the parent. If no information was available, a letter was sent to the parents. If the child was indeed vaccinated, the register was updated. If the child was missing any vaccinations, the parent(s) were encouraged to complete the schedule. On reviewing routinely-published quarterly ACIR data at three-monthly intervals for 24 months after the intervention (or non-intervention), timeliness of vaccination improved in the intervention cohort. Central Coast fully vaccinated rates diverged from NSW rates during the study. In addition, the ACIR quarters that contained two out of three months of intervention rather than one out of three months of intervention had the highest rates of fully vaccinated children. The authors concluded that the intervention improved both timeliness of vaccination and the proportion of fully vaccinated children.

scholarly journals Late side-effects of valproate and lamotrigine

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 187-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernardo Moreira ◽  
Sigride Thomé-Souza ◽  
Kette Valente
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Seizure Control ◽  
Diagnostic Investigation ◽  
Late Side Effects ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Late Adverse Effects ◽  
Generalized Epilepsy ◽  
Late Side ◽  
Chronic Use

Lamotrigine (LTG) is a generally well-tolerated antiepileptic drug with broad-spectrum efficacy in several forms of partial and generalized epilepsy. Adverse effects of lamotrigine are usually associated with introduction and titration. This risk increases in children and in the co-medication with valproate. Herein, we report four patients with late adverse-effects, under the co-medication valproate and LTG, not related to drug introduction or titration. This study demonstrates that late side-effects without apparent etiology in children, adolescents and adults in chronic use of LTG, especially when associated to VPA, led to a diagnostic investigation, sometimes invasive. It must be emphasized that, due to the excellent seizure control, the authors opted for drug decrease instead of drug withdrawal, as previously done. Studies on late adverse effects are scarce, but physicians must be aware of these risks.

scholarly journals Modeling the COVID-19 Vaccination Dynamics in the United States: An Estimation of Coverage Velocity and Carrying Capacity Based on Socio-demographic Vulnerability Indices in California

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Bruckhaus ◽  
Aidin Abedi ◽  
Sana Salehi ◽  
Trevor A Pickering ◽  
Yujia Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
The United States ◽  
Household Composition ◽  
Social Vulnerability Index ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
Group Methods ◽  
The Social ◽  
Data Points ◽  
Maximum Proportion

Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disparities among vulnerable populations are a paramount concern that extends to COVID-19 vaccine administration. We aim to better characterize the scope of vaccine inequity in California by comparing the Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) of California counties and respective vaccination rates, modeling the growth rate and anticipated maximum proportion of individuals vaccinated by SVI group. Methods: Overall SVI, its four themes, and 9228 data points of daily vaccination numbers across all 58 California counties were used to model, overall and by theme, growth velocity of proportion of population vaccinated and the expected maximum proportion of individuals (at least 1 dose of Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna, or Johnson & Johnson/Janssen) that will be vaccinated for each theme. Results: Overall high vulnerability counties in California have lower vaccine coverage velocity compared to low and moderate vulnerability counties. The largest disparity in coverage velocity between low and highly vulnerable counties was observed in Theme 3 (minority status & language). However, our model showed that highly vulnerable counties based on Theme 3 are expected to eventually achieve a higher proportion of vaccinated individuals compared to low vulnerable counterparts if current trajectories continue. Counties in the overall low vulnerability category are estimated to achieve a higher proportion of vaccinated individuals when compared to high and moderate vulnerable counties, assuming current trajectories. The largest disparity in asymptotic proportion vaccinated between high and low vulnerable counties was observed in Theme 2 (household composition & disability). Conclusion: This study provides insight into the problem of COVID-19 vaccine disparity across California which can be used to help promote equity during the current pandemic as well as guide the allocation of future vaccines such as COVID-19 booster shots.

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