scholarly journals Influence of Mouthguards on Physiological Responses in Rugby

2019 ◽  
Vol 03 (01) ◽  
pp. E25-E31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antina Schulze ◽  
Stefan Kwast ◽  
Martin Busse
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function Test ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Aerobic Performance ◽  
Energy Turnover ◽  
Ventilatory Parameters ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Anaerobic Energy ◽  
Function Test ◽  
Rugby Players ◽  
Maximum Lactate

AbstractMouthguards (MGs) are highly recommended in rugby. Airway obstruction and a resulting decrease in power output are potential disadvantages of their usage. The aim of the study was to assess possible limitations of “vented” (MGV) and custom-made mouthguards (MGC) on rugby players’ performance. The MG effects were investigated in 13 male first-league rugby players ranging from 18–34 years old. First a lung function test was completed. Then a double incremental treadmill test was performed to measure maximum aerobic performance, ventilation, VO2, VCO2, heart rate, and lactate. Effects on sprint times (10 and 40 m) and countermovement jumps were also investigated. Peak flow values were significantly decreased with MGV by about 0.9 l/s. Neither ventilatory parameters nor oxygen uptake were affected by either of the mouthguards. Maximum lactate was significantly decreased in both MG types vs. no MG use. The maximum running velocity was similar in all tests. The aerobic energy turnover was moderately increased with the MGC and MGV. No effects were seen on sprint times or jump tests. Although neither type of mouthguard had a significant impact on maximum performance in treadmill running, the anaerobic energy turnover was decreased.

Lung Function Test for Workers and its Quality Control Program

1994 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 187
Author(s):  
Jung Keun Choi ◽  
Mi A Son ◽  
Hyun Kyung Kim ◽  
Domyung Paek ◽  
Byung Soon Choi
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Lung Function Test ◽  
Quality Control Program ◽  
Function Test

AB0796 THE EVALUATION OF LUNG DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE AT THE ONSET OF INFLAMMATORY RHEUMATIC DISEASES WITH INTERSTITIAL LUNG DISEASE

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1422.3-1423
Author(s):  
T. Hoffmann ◽  
P. Oelzner ◽  
F. Marcus ◽  
M. Förster ◽  
J. Böttcher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Interstitial Lung Disease ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Lung Function Test ◽  
Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Function Test ◽  
Chest X Ray

Background:Interstitial lung disease (ILD) in inflammatory rheumatic diseases (IRD) is associated with increased mortality. Moreover, the lung is one of the most effected organs on IRD. Consequently, screening methods were required to the detect ILD in IRD.Objectives:The objective of the following study is to evaluate the diagnostic value of lung function test, chest x-ray and HR-CT of the lung in the detection of ILD at the onset of IRD.Methods:The study is designed as a case-control study and includes 126 patients with a newly diagnosed IRD. It was matched by gender, age and the performance of lung function test and chest x-ray. The sensitivity and specificity were verified by crosstabs and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. The study cohort was divided in two groups (ILD group: n = 63 and control group: n = 63). If possible, all patients received a lung function test and optional a chest x-ray. Patients with pathological findings in the screening tests (chest x-ray or reduced diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) < 80 %) maintained a high-resolution computer tomography (HR-CT) of the lung. Additionally, an immunological bronchioalveolar lavage was performed in the ILD group as gold standard for the detection of ILD.Results:The DLCO (< 80 %) revealed a sensitivity of 83.6 % and specificity of 45.8 % for the detection of ILD. Other examined parameter of lung function test showed no sufficient sensitivity as screening test (FVC = Forced Vital Capacity, FEV1 = Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second, TLC = Total Lung Capacity, TLCO = Transfer factor of the Lung for carbon monoxide). Also, a combination of different parameter did not increase the sensitivity. The sensitivity and specificity of chest x-ray for the verification of ILD was 64.2 % versus 73.6 %. The combination of DLCO (< 80 %) and chest x-ray showed a sensitivity with 95.2 % and specificity with 38.7 %. The highest sensitivity (95.2 %) and specificity (77.4 %) was observed for the combination of DLCO (< 80 %) and HR-CT of the lung.Conclusion:The study highlighted that a reduced DLCO in lung function test is associated with a lung involvement in IRD. DLCO represented a potential screening parameter for lung manifestation in IRD. Especially patients with suspected vasculitis should receive an additional chest x-ray. Based on the high sensitivity of DLCO in combination with chest x-ray or HR-CT for the detection of ILD in IRD, all patients with a reduced DLCO (< 80%) should obtained an imaging of the lung.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

Estimation of anaerobic energy production and efficiency in rats during exercise

1984 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 520-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Brooks ◽  
C. M. Donovan ◽  
T. P. White
Keyword(s):  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Lactate Production ◽  
Energy Transduction ◽  
Energy Turnover ◽  
External Work ◽  
Gross Efficiency ◽  
Lactate Turnover ◽  
Anaerobic Energy

o assess the effects of gradient and running speed on efficiency of exercise, and to evaluate contributions of oxidative and anaerobic energy production (Ean) during locomotion, two sets of experiments were performed. The caloric expenditures of rats were determined from O2 consumption (VO2) while they ran at three speeds (13.4, 26.8, and 43.1 m/min) on five grades (1, 5, 10, 15, and 20%). In addition, lactate turnover (LaT) and oxidation (Laox) were determined on rats at rest or during running at 13.4 and 26.8 m/min on 1% grade, respectively. Lactate production not represented in the VO2 (i.e., Ean) was calculated from the LaT not accounted for by oxidation [(LaT an) = LaT-Laox)]. The Ean was calculated as: Ean = [LaT an(mumol/min)] [1.38 ATP/La] [11 mcal/mumol ATP]. Gross efficiency of exercise (the caloric equivalent of external work/caloric equivalent of VO2 X 100) ranged from 1.7 to 4.5%. Apparent efficiency (the inverse of the regression of caloric equivalent of VO2 on the caloric equivalent of work X 100) ranged from 20.5 to 26.4% and reflected the metabolic response of rats to applied external work. The contribution of Ean to total energy turnover ranged from 1.6% at rest to 0.8% during running at 13.4 m/min on a 1% grade. Despite active LaT during steady-state exercise, Ean contributes insignificantly to total energy transduction, because over 70% of the lactate produced is removed through oxidation. VO2 adequately represents metabolism under these conditions.

scholarly journals Effect of obesity on lung volumes among adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 2828
Author(s):  
Gurmeet Kaur ◽  
Sandeep Kaur ◽  
Geetika Gupta ◽  
Rajneet Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Respiratory Physiology ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lung Volumes ◽  
Respiratory Parameters ◽  
Function Test ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Obesity has long been recognized to have significant effect on respiratory functions. Many studies have reported exponential decrease in pulmonary function test (PFT) with increasing body mass index (BMI), which is a crude indicator of obesity. Also, the relationship between BMI and PFTs varies with age, race, geographical region and the different obesity standards used. To the best of our knowledge, not many studies have been done to examine the relationship between obesity and lung volumes among adults in our region, Jammu. This cross-sectional study was carried out with the objective of evaluating the effect of obesity on lung function test in obese but otherwise healthy adults of Jammu region.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Jammu region on subjects selected randomly from different colleges in the age group of 18-40 years. The study involved 300 subjects; divided into three groups of 100 each, based on BMI into normal, overweight and obese groups. Four respiratory parameters viz. FVC (Forced Vital Capacity), FEV1 (Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second), FEV3 (Forced Expiratory Volume in 3 seconds), and MVV (Maximum Voluntary Ventilation) were used to assess their lung functions.Results: All the respiratory parameters exhibited statistically significant decrease in obese groups as compared to normal and overweight groups.Conclusions: The present study suggests that obesity alters the respiratory physiology by producing a restrictive ventilatory pattern.

scholarly journals Evaluation on Lung Functions after Examination Stress in Student Population

2021 ◽  
pp. 225-234
Author(s):  
J. Noor Fathima ◽  
G. Sridevi ◽  
S. Preetha
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Academic Staff ◽  
Lung Function Test ◽  
The Body ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
First Year Students ◽  
Learning Group ◽  
Lung Functions ◽  
Function Test ◽  
Examination Stress

Background: Professional degrees are daunting to the learning group because of a modern curriculum that is dramatically different from high school curricula and other educational courses. It is more pronounced among first year students in educational institutions because of rivalry and demands from institution managers, academic staff and parents. Stress causes many detrimental effects in the body. Aim: The present study planned to evaluate the effect of examination stress on the changes in lung functions among dental college students. Materials and Methods: 20 normal students were selected and categorised into normal and stressed students. They were assessed for a lung function test using RMS helios 702 Spirometer. The parameters such as FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, PEFR, FEF25-75 were assessed. Results: It is observed that there was a decrease in the values of FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, PEFR, FEF25-75 in exam stressed students when compared to normal students. The values of FEV1/FVC and FEF25-75 were statistically significant. Conclusion: Thus, the study concluded an innovative finding that there was an inverse association with depressive symptoms in the pulmonary function test of exam stressed students which was shown by a statistically significant decrease in FEV1/FVC and FEF25-75. Exam is really a stressful experience and affects both male and female students. Awareness should be conducted among students about ill effects of stress. Decreased stress, increased lung function results in increased academic performance.

P21 Prescribing lvacaftor in paediatric patients with cystic fibrosis (cf) in accordance with the clinical commissioning policy in an nhs trust

2018 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. e1.26-e1
Author(s):  
McGeehan Eimear
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Treatment Response ◽  
Membrane Conductance ◽  
Lung Function Test ◽  
Sweat Test ◽  
List Type ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
Treatment Standard ◽  
Function Test

IntroductionCF is a genetic condition affecting more than 10 800 people in the UK. CF is caused by a mutation in the gene cystic fibrosis trans membrane conductance regulator (CFTR).Prior to the licensing of Ivacaftor, standard treatment for CF was to treat symptoms associated with CF but not the underlying cause. Ivacaftor targets the CFTR gene. Ivacaftor is funded by NHS England, if criteria outlined in the clinical commissioning policy is followed.1,2AimEnsure Ivacaftor is prescribed in adherence to guidance documented in the Clinical Commissioning Policy: Ivacaftor for CF (2012) and Clinical Commissioning Policy: Ivacaftor for children aged 2–5 years with CF, named mutations (2016).1,2Standards100% of Ivacaftor prescriptions will be for patients:2 years of age or olderHave a G55ID mutation100% of patients will receive lung function test (6 years and older) and baseline sweat test 6 months prior to commencing treatment100% of patients will receive a follow up sweat test/lung function test (6 years and older) at:Next routine appointment6 months after starting treatmentAnnually thereafter100% of patients who don’t attain an adequate treatment response will discontinue IvacaftorMethodRetrospective study investigated the prescribing of Ivacaftor in CF patients from March 2012 – June 2017 at an NHS trust. Ethics approval not required. List of patients prescribed Ivacaftor was obtained from the CF team. Patient age, mutation type, treatment start dates, lung function test results were obtained from medical notes. Dates and results of sweat tests were obtained from Sunquest ICE Desktop (electronic patient reporting system). Data analysed using Microsoft excel.ResultsEight patients prescribed Ivacaftor at the NHS trust between March 2012–June 2017. Baseline sweat chloride data unavailable for one patient who was previously part of a clinical trial. This patient was excluded from standard 2, however maintained for the other standards as his annual sweat data was available. One patient was excluded from standard 3(a), five patients excluded from standard 3 (b), (c) as they had not yet reached this stage of treatment. Standard 4 was not evaluated as all patients to date were responding to treatment. Overall, all standards were completely met with a result of 100%.Discussion and conclusionStandards were completely met; highlighting a robust system ensuring all appropriate testing is adhered to, as failure to comply with the criteria in the clinical commissioning policy may contribute to pressure within the trust’s budget. Treatment response can also be appropriately determined.RecommendationsEnsure data is inputted onto the system electronically.CF pharmacist to re–audit data yearly to ensure the clinical commissioning policy is being adhered to.ReferencesNHS Commissioning Board. Clinical commissioning policy: Ivacaftor for cystic fibrosis 2012. https://www. england.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/a01-p-b.pdf [Accessed: 18th July 2017].NHS Commissioning Policy: Ivacaftor for children aged 2–5 years with cystic fibrosis (named mutations) 2016. https://www.england.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/clin-comm-pol-16049P.pdf [Accessed: 18th July 2017].

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