Kontra vegane Ernährung in kindlichen Wachstumsphasen – ein ernährungsmedizinischer Kommentar

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (02) ◽  
pp. 104-113
Author(s):  
Hans-Konrad Biesalski ◽  
Hermann Kalhoff

ZusammenfassungVegane Ernährung ist im Trend und vor allem bei jungen Frauen sehr beliebt. Abgesehen von der verständlichen ethischen Motivation (Tierwohl) gibt es eine Reihe von gesundheitlichen Aspekten, die als Argument vertreten werden. Dazu gehören z. B. der unbestritten geringere Fettgehalt oder der höhere Gehalt an Ballaststoffen. Aber auch Argumente, wie der Mensch hat seine Entwicklung der vegetarischen Ernährung zu verdanken, werden gerne ins Feld geführt. Nun sollte es jedem Einzelnen selbst überlassen sein, wie er sich ernährt. Was aber, wenn in der Schwangerschaft ein werdender Mensch mitisst? Sieht man sich den Bedarf einer Schwangeren, der bei manchen Mikronährstoffen (Vitamine, Minerale, Spurenelemente) deutlich über dem liegt, was eine Nichtschwangere braucht, an, so wird die vegane Ernährung selbst bei bester Planung problematisch. Dies betrifft vor allem die Versorgung mit Vitamin B12, aber auch Eisen, Jod, Vitamin D, Kalzium und Zink sowie Folsäure. Eine Versorgung, die den gesteigerten Bedarf in Schwangerschaft und Stillzeit unterschreitet, kann das körperliche Wachstum und die kognitive Entwicklung des Kindes gefährden. Für Säuglinge, Kinder und Jugendliche müssen bei veganer Kost anhaltend differenzierte und individualisierte Ernährungsstrategien und regelmäßig spezifische Substitutionen sichergestellt werden (in allen Altersgruppen ist eine regelmäßige Vitamin-B12-Substitution notwendig). Wer generell eine vegane Ernährung in der Schwangerschaft, Stillzeit und in weiteren kindlichen Wachstumsphasen empfiehlt, gefährdet damit die Entwicklung des Kindes.

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 003685042110076
Author(s):  
Nazmi Mutlu Karakaş

Background: In this study, the aim was to evaluate the prevalence of vitamin D, vitamin B12, ferritin, and folate deficiencies in adolescence to clarify the need for early diagnosis and therapy. Methods: The medical records of adolescents between 10 and 18 years of age between 01 September 2018 and 28 February 2019 as healthy with non-specific complaints, or due to well-child care visits, were analyzed retrospectively. Results: A total of 1847/2507 (73.6%) adolescents were included in the study. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 25.7% (n: 178/691). Vitamin B12 deficiency prevalence was 69.2% (n: 753/1088). The prevalence of anemia and ferritin deficiency was 4.8% and 13.26%. The prevalence of folate deficiency was 37.9% (n: 413/1088). VDD prevalence was statistically significantly higher in females than males (F/M:116/62). VB12D prevalence, the number and mean age of females with hemoglobin deficiency, and low ferritin levels was found to be statistically significantly higher in females than males. Conclusions: The prevalence of vitamin D, vitamin B12, folate deficiency and low ferritin levels was found to be high among adolescents. In particular, adolescents admitting with non-specific complaints and for control purposes in big cities must be considered to be at risk for the deficiency of these vitamins and low level of ferritin.


Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2335
Author(s):  
Fuyuko Takahashi ◽  
Yoshitaka Hashimoto ◽  
Ayumi Kaji ◽  
Ryosuke Sakai ◽  
Yuka Kawate ◽  
...  

The aim of this prospective cohort study was to examine the relationships between the intakes of various vitamins and the loss of muscle mass in older people with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). The change in skeletal muscle mass index (SMI, kg/m2) (kg/m2/year) was defined as follows: (SMI at baseline (kg/m2) − SMI at follow-up (kg/m2))/follow-up period (year). The rate of SMI reduction (%) was calculated as follows (the change in SMI (kg/m2/year)/SMI at baseline (kg/m2)) × 100. The rate of SMI reduction ≥ 1.2% was considered as the loss of muscle mass. Among 197 people with T2DM, 47.2% of them experienced the loss of muscle mass at the 13.7 ± 5.2 month follow-up. Vitamin B1 (0.8 ± 0.3 vs. 0.8 ± 0.3 mg/day, p = 0.031), vitamin B12 (11.2 ± 8.3 vs. 13.4 ± 7.5 μg/day, p = 0.049), and vitamin D (16.5 ± 12.2 vs. 21.6 ± 13.0 μg/day, p = 0.004) intakes in people with the loss of muscle mass were significantly lower than those without. Vitamin D intake was related to the loss of muscle mass after adjusting for sex, age, exercise, alcohol, smoking, body mass index, SMI, glucagon-like peptide-1 agonist, sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor, insulin, HbA1c, creatinine, energy intake, and protein intake (adjusted odds ratio 0.93, 95% confidence interval: 0.88–0.97, p = 0.003). This study showed that vitamin D intake was related to the loss of muscle mass in older people with T2DM. Vitamin B12 intake tended to be related to the loss of muscle mass, although vitamin A, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin C, and vitamin E intake were not related.


Author(s):  
Habibesadat Shakeri ◽  
Amir Azimian ◽  
Hamed Ghasemzadeh‐Moghaddam ◽  
Mohammadreza Safdari ◽  
Mehdi Haresabadi ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elif Börekci ◽  
Mahmut Kılıç ◽  
Zeynep Ozan ◽  
Hasan Börekci ◽  
Tekin Yıldırım ◽  
...  

Abstract Objectives There is no reliable and valid biomarker to identify Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and its subtypes. The aim of this study is to explore potential serum biomarkers that may be associated with IBS subtypes, particularly in the vitamin D pathway. Methods The study population comprised 75 IBS patients and 79 controls. Patients divided into IBS subtypes. Routine biochemical parameters, 25-OH-vitamin D, vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) and vitamin D receptor (VDR) serum levels were compared between IBS subtypes and controls. Factors related to IBS subtypes were examined by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results Vitamin D levels were lower; VDBP and VDR were higher in all IBS patients than in controls (p<0.001; 0.047 and 0.029, respectively). According to logistic regression analysis, VDBP was a disease-related parameter as much as vitamin D in all IBS subtypes. C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were higher especially in diarrhea-dominant IBS (IBS-D) (p=0.041; 0.046) and vitamin B12 were significantly lower in constipation-dominant IBS (IBS-C) (p=0.001). Conclusions Increased VDBP levels were associated with all IBS subtypes. Patients, especially in IBS-D, had higher serum levels of VDBP, CRP and ESR. Vitamin B12 deficiency, which we consider as a result of the disease, was more common in IBS-C.


2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Eun Park ◽  
Soo Jung Park ◽  
Jae Jun Park ◽  
Jae Hee Cheon ◽  
TaeIl Kim ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and intestinal Behçet’s disease (BD) are vulnerable to micronutrient deficiencies due to diarrhea-related gastrointestinal loss and poor dietary intake caused by disease-related anorexia. However, few studies have investigated the incidence and risk factors for micronutrient deficiency. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 205 patients with IBD who underwent micronutrient examination, including folate, vitamin B12, 25-OH-vitamin D, and/or ferritin level quantification, with follow-up blood tests conducted 6 months later. Results Eighty patients (39.0%), who were deficient in any of the four micronutrients, were classified as the deficiency group, and the remaining 125 (61.0%) were classified as the non-deficient group. Compared to those in the non-deficiency group, patients in the deficiency group were much younger, had more Crohn's disease (CD) patients, more patients with a history of bowel operation, and significantly less 5-amino salicylic acid usage. Multivariate analysis revealed that CD and bowel operation were significant independent factors associated with micronutrient deficiency. Conclusions The incidence of micronutrient deficiency was high (39.0%). Factors including CD, bowel operation, and younger ages were found to be associated with higher risks of deficiency. Therefore, patients with IBD, especially young patients with CD who have undergone bowel resection surgery, need more attention paid to micronutrition.


Author(s):  
Susanne Greber-Platzer ◽  
◽  
Nadja Haiden ◽  
Almuthe Christina Hauer ◽  
Roland Lanzersdorfer ◽  
...  

ZusammenfassungEine tägliche Vitamin-D-Supplementierung für Säuglinge bis zum zweiten erlebten Frühsommer zur Prävention der Rachitis und die Gabe von Vitamin K1 bei Neugeborenen zur Prävention von Vitamin-K-Mangel-Blutungen sind empfohlen.Seit einiger Zeit sind in Österreich Kombinationsprodukte der beiden fettlöslichen Vitamine D3 und K2 auf dem Markt erhältlich, die mit gesundheitsfördernden Effekten wie verbesserter Knochenmineralisation und Schutz vor vaskulärer Kalkeinlagerung beworben werden.Die Wirkung einer kombinierten Supplementierung von Vitamin D und Vitamin K2 bei Kindern ist aus physiologischer Sicht gesehen zwar potenziell sinnvoll, um Effekt, Risiken oder unerwünschte Nebenwirkungen zu evaluieren. Zuvor werden aber Dosisfindungs- und Sicherheitsstudien für die kombinierte Verabreichung benötigt. Insbesondere sind randomisierte kontrollierte Studien bei Risikokindern und Frühgeborenen notwendig. Solange diese Daten nicht vorliegen, erscheint die Gabe von Vitamin D in Kombination mit Vitamin K2 im Kindesalter nicht gerechtfertigt und kann daher auch nicht empfohlen werden.


Nature ◽  
1954 ◽  
Vol 174 (4427) ◽  
pp. 462-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALLAN FRÖLICH
Keyword(s):  

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 879
Author(s):  
Nalan Kozaci ◽  
Cafer Caliskan ◽  
Mustafa Avci ◽  
Gulsum Caliskan ◽  
Ilhan Uysal

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