scholarly journals Metallic Implants in MRI – Hazards and Imaging Artifacts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Peschke ◽  
Patricia Ulloa ◽  
Olav Jansen ◽  
Jan-Bernd Hoevener
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Imaging ◽  
Slice Thickness ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Metallic Implants ◽  
Scan Time ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Accelerated Imaging ◽  
Imaging Artifacts ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Cost

Background Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an examination method for noninvasive soft tissue imaging without the use of ionizing radiation. Metallic implants, however, may pose a risk for the patient and often result in imaging artifacts. Due to the increasing number of implants, reducing these artifacts has become an important goal. In this review, we describe the risks associated with implants and provide the background on how metal-induced artifacts are formed. We review the literature on methods on how to reduce artifacts and summarize our findings. Method The literature was searched using PubMed and the keywords “MRI metal artifact reduction”, “metallic implants” and “MRI artefacts/artifacts”. Results and Conclusion The MRI compatibility of implants has to be evaluated individually. To reduce artifacts, two general approaches were found: a) parameter optimization in standard sequences (echo time, slice thickness, bandwidth) and b) specialized sequences, such as VAT, OMAR, WARP, SEMAC and MAVRIC. These methods reduced artifacts and improved image quality, albeit at the cost of a (sometimes significantly) prolonged scan time. New developments in accelerated imaging will likely shorten the scan time of these methods significantly, such that routine use may become feasible. Key Points:  Citation Format

scholarly journals Traumatic Gallbladder Perforation in Children – Case Report and Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Thanh Phuong Le ◽  
Jochen Herrmann ◽  
Michael Groth ◽  
Konrad Reinshagen ◽  
Michael Boettcher
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Abdominal Trauma ◽  
Blunt Abdominal Trauma ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Gallbladder Wall ◽  
Gallbladder Perforation ◽  
Free Fluid ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Background Gallbladder perforation is a very rare finding in children. Clinical and radiografic presentations are often vague. Hence it is a challenging diagnosis, often missed during initial evaluation with potentially fatal consequences. The aim of this case report and review was to identify factors that might help to diagnose and manage future cases. Methods We present a case of gallbladder perforation in an 8-year-old child after blunt abdominal trauma caused by a handlebar in which imaging modalities such as ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) helped us to determine proper management. We identified and evaluated comparable cases for isolated traumatic gallbladder injury. A review of the recent literature was performed by online search in Pubmed and Google Scholar using “gallbladder injury in children”, “gallbladder perforation children”, “blunt abdominal trauma children” as keywords. We focused on articles exclusively in the pediatric section. The literature from the period 2000–2020 was taken into account to review the state of the art in diagnosis and management. Results and Conclusion Recent literature for gallbladder injury in pediatrics is sparse compared to the adult counterpart. Only eight published cases of isolated gallbladder injury in children were identified. Since the onset of symptoms may not develop acutely and often develops in an indistinct manner, radiografic examinations play an important role in the diagnostic progress. The authors advise caution in cases of blunt abdominal trauma especially involving handlebars, intraperitoneal free fluid, and severe abdominal pain. We advocate high suspicion of gallbladder perforation if the gallbladder wall displays discontinuation or cannot be definitively differentiated in sonografic examination. Echogenic fluid within the gallbladder should always lead to suspicion of intraluminal bleeding. Repeated clinical and imaging examinations are mandatory since the onset of signs and symptoms may be delayed. Key Points:  Citation Format

Intrapartum Basal Ganglia–Thalamic Pattern Injury and Radiologically Termed “Acute Profound Hypoxic–Ischemic Brain Injury” Are Not Synonymous

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Smith ◽  
Regan Solomons ◽  
Lindi Vollmer ◽  
Eduard J. Langenegger ◽  
Jan W. Lotz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Median Time ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Admission Status ◽  
Sentinel Event ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Objective Human cases of acute profound hypoxic-ischemic (HI) injury (HII), in which the insult duration timed with precision had been identified, remains rare, and there is often uncertainty of the prior state of fetal health. Study Design A retrospective analysis of 10 medicolegal cases of neonatal encephalopathy-cerebral palsy survivors who sustained intrapartum HI basal ganglia-thalamic (BGT) pattern injury in the absence of an obstetric sentinel event. Results Cardiotocography (CTG) admission status was reassuring in six and suspicious in four of the cases. The median time from assessment by admission CTG or auscultation to birth was 687.5 minutes (interquartile range [IQR]: 373.5–817.5 minutes), while the median time interval between first pathological CTG and delivery of the infant was 179 minutes (IQR: 137–199.25 minutes). The mode of delivery in the majority of infants (60%) was by unassisted vaginal birth; four were delivered by delayed caesarean section. The median (IQR) interval between the decision to perform a caesarean section and delivery was 169 minutes (range: 124–192.5 minutes). Conclusion The study shows that if a nonreassuring fetal status develops during labor and is prolonged, a BGT pattern HI injury may result, in the absence of a perinatal sentinel event. Intrapartum BGT pattern injury and radiologically termed “acute profound HI brain injury” are not necessarily synonymous. A visualized magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) pattern should preferably solely reflect the patterns description and severity, rather than a causative mechanism of injury. Key Points

scholarly journals Understanding how best to engage recreationists in biosecurity to reduce the impacts of tree diseases: a review

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 531-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare Hall ◽  
Mariella Marzano ◽  
Liz O'Brien
Keyword(s):  
Stakeholder Engagement ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Tree Diseases ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Key Points ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Combining Information

Pests and diseases introduced from other countries are known to pose a threat to trees, woods and forests in many locations throughout the world. Once introduced they can be spread inadvertently by countryside visitors hiking, biking or riding along paths and trails through wooded areas. Engaging and communicating with these groups of countryside users to encourage and facilitate positive biosecurity behaviours is crucial for the future resilience of trees, woods and forests. This review draws on literature outlining principles for stakeholder engagement in forestry as well as evaluations of biosecurity campaigns from around the world. Key points are briefly presented for communicators aiming to encourage better biosecurity in the countryside. These include, the need to design campaigns based on the values and motivations of recreationists, using trusted information sources and understanding the importance of combining information with facilities so as to reduce the cost (in terms of effort and inconvenience) to hikers and other countryside users.

12. Nuisance

2020 ◽  
pp. 284-314
Author(s):  
Carol Brennan ◽  
Vera Bermingham
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Protection ◽  
Strict Liability ◽  
Personal Injury ◽  
Legal Knowledge ◽  
Property Damage ◽  
Consumer Protection Act ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Tort System ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Cost

Without assuming prior legal knowledge, books in the Directions series introduce and guide readers through key points of law and legal debate. Questions, diagrams, and exercises help readers to engage fully with each subject and check their understanding as they progress. Manufacturers and producers are liable for personal injury or damage to property caused by a defective product. The claimant will not only recover in contract for personal injury and property damage caused by the defective product, but he will also be compensated for the cost of replacing the product itself. The Consumer Protection Act 1987 of the UK involves a strict liability regime for defective products on a variety of potential defendants. This discusses the limitations of the tort system in providing compensation to a victim of harm caused by a defective product, and analyses the scope and limitations of the Consumer Protection Act 1987.

12. Nuisance

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Bermingham ◽  
Carol Brennan
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Protection ◽  
Strict Liability ◽  
Personal Injury ◽  
Legal Knowledge ◽  
Property Damage ◽  
Consumer Protection Act ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Tort System ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Cost

Without assuming prior legal knowledge, books in the Directions series introduce and guide readers through key points of law and legal debate. Questions, diagrams, and exercises help readers to engage fully with each subject and check their understanding as they progress. Manufacturers and producers are liable for personal injury or damage to property caused by a defective product. The claimant will not only recover in contract for personal injury and property damage caused by the defective product, but he will also be compensated for the cost of replacing the product itself. The Consumer Protection Act 1987 of the UK involves a strict liability regime for defective products on a variety of potential defendants. This discusses the limitations of the tort system in providing compensation to a victim of harm caused by a defective product, and analyses the scope and limitations of the Consumer Protection Act 1987.

scholarly journals Minimal Linear Networks for Magnetic Resonance Image Reconstruction

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilad Liberman ◽  
Benedikt A. Poser
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Image Reconstruction ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Linear Networks ◽  
Learning Framework ◽  
Scan Time ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
Ill Posed ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

AbstractModern sequences for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) trade off scan time with computational challenges, resulting in ill-posed inverse problems and the requirement to account for more elaborated signal models. Various deep learning techniques have shown potential for image reconstruction from reduced data, outperforming compressed sensing, dictionary learning and other advanced techniques based on regularization, by characterization of the image manifold. In this work we suggest a framework for reducing a “neural” network to the bare minimum required by the MR physics, reducing the network depth and removing all non-linearities. The networks performed well both on benchmark simulated data and on arterial spin labeling perfusion imaging, showing clear images while preserving sensitivity to the minute signal changes. The results indicate that the deep learning framework plays a major role in MR image reconstruction, and suggest a concrete approach for probing into the contribution of additional elements.

Dangerous liaisons: new developments in the law of defective premises

Legal Studies ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-416
Author(s):  
Carl F Stychin
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
Tort Law ◽  
Duty Of Care ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Cost

In 1995, the highest courts in two Commonwealth jurisdictions - Canada and Australia - squarely faced the issue of the liability of builders of defective and, in the case of the Canadian Supreme Court, dangerous premises in tort.’ The determination in both cases that the builders were liable to the remote purchasers for the cost of repair, based on a duty of care owed to them, can be contrasted to the current state of tort law in this country dealing with defective and dangerous premises. In fact, the articulation of the reasons why a duty of care was imposed in these cases - as reflecting considerations both of principle and policy - provides a more compelling analysis than has been seen to date in the British law of negligence.

Inflammation of the nasal mucosa and paranasal sinuses

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-24
Author(s):  
Jan Woś ◽  
Agnieszka Remjasz
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Mucosa ◽  
Paranasal Sinuses ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Tissue Imaging ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Herbal Supplements ◽  
Systemic Corticosteroids ◽  
Neoplastic Process ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Immunological Research

Inflammation of the paranasal sinuses is a common condition that affects the upper respiratory tract. The pathomechanism and course of sinusitis are multifaceted, depending on the etiological factors, duration of the disease, anatomical abnormalities, and additional conditions exacerbating the inflammation of the nasal mucosa and paranasal sinuses. The gold standard of diagnostic imaging is computed tomography (CT), performed in particular cases. An auxiliary examination is a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for soft tissue imaging when there is a suspicion of a neoplastic process. The treatment of patients with rhinosinusitis is very complex and long-lasting, associated with the use of nasal or systemic corticosteroids, irrigation with physiological saline, as well as antibiotic therapy, antihistamines or herbal supplements. The treatment is selected individually for the patient's condition or the sinus phenotype, and in exceptional cases, surgical intervention is undertaken. Work is continuing on genetic, molecular and immunological research to search for new and effective methods of treatment of rhinosinusitis.

A cost effective screening protocol for vestibular schwannoma in the late 90s

1996 ◽  
Vol 110 (12) ◽  
pp. 1129-1132 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. V. Ravi ◽  
S. C. Wells
Keyword(s):  
Vestibular Schwannoma ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Conventional Tests ◽  
Screening Protocol ◽  
Hospital Visits ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Clinical Records ◽  
The Cost

AbstractMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the imaging modality of choice in diagnosing vestibular schwannoma (VS). Perceived high costs have prevented clinicians from using it as a screening investigation, although MR scanners are now widely available in the United Kingdon. In a retrospective study, the clinical records of all the patients who presented to the ENT department of Taunton and Someerset NHS Trust with suspected symptoms of VS during the year 1994 were analysed. The cost of confirming or refuting the diagnosis of VS in each patient ranged from £220.72 to £580.31 depending on the number of hospital visits and investigations performed. This study shows that the routine use of MR scanning for detection of VS is cost effective and more effective than the use of conventional tests.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document