Serum 25(OH)D Concentration and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Markers Among Middle-Aged Healthy and Type 2 Diabetic Subjects

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (10) ◽  
pp. 676-682
Author(s):  
Yogita Dhas ◽  
Joyita Banerjee ◽  
Gauri Damle ◽  
Neetu Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Blood Viscosity ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
Risk Markers ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Atherogenic Index Of Plasma ◽  
Hs Crp ◽  
Fgf 23

AbstractVitamin D deficiency is a major widespread health concern and is linked to a high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Thus, we have investigated the association of vitamin D with various CVD risk markers. The present study comprises 90 control and 90 type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) subjects of both sexes (age range, 30–50 years). The 25 hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and CVD risk markers including high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), intact parathyroid hormone (I-PTH), fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-23, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and fibrinogen were measured by using standard assays. Blood viscosity and atherogenic index of plasma calculated using standard formulae. The ten-year cardiovascular risk was assessed using the Framingham risk score (FRS). 25(OH)D, hs-CRP, MCP-1, FGF-23, ESR, fibrinogen, atherogenic index of plasma and FRS were significantly different between control and T2DM groups (p<0.05). 25(OH)D showed a significant negative correlation with MCP-1, ESR, blood viscosity, atherogenic index of plasma and FRS among total study subjects. Further, logistics regression analysis showed an association of 25(OH)D with MCP-1, hematocrit, fibrinogen, and blood viscosity. The association between 25(OH)D and various CVD risk markers suggests that 25(OH)D might help in the prediction of CVD risk.

scholarly journals Understanding the Relationship between Atherogenic Index of Plasma and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors among Staff of an University in Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myat Su Bo ◽  
Whye Lian Cheah ◽  
Soe Lwin ◽  
Tin Moe Nwe ◽  
Than Than Win ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Blood Pressure Measurement ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Atherogenic Index Of Plasma

Background. Atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) was found to be one of the strongest markers in predicting the cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. This study was to determine the AIP and its relationship with other CVD risk factors. Materials and Methods. This cross-sectional study was done among 349 staff of a public university in Sarawak. Data were collected using questionnaire, blood sampling, and anthropometric and blood pressure measurement. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 20. Results. A total of 349 respondents participated with majority females (66.8%), aged 38.5 ± 7.82 years. Nearly 80% of the respondents were overweight and obese, 87.1% with high and very high body fat, and 46.9% with abnormal visceral fat. For AIP category, 8.9% were found to be in intermediate and 16.4% were at high risk. Elevated lipid profile showed that total cholesterol (TC) is 15.5%, low density lipoprotein (LDL) is 16.1%, and triglyceride (TG) is 10.6%. AIP was significantly correlated with body mass index (r=0.25), visceral fat (r=0.37), TC (r=0.22), LDL (0.24), HDL (r=−0.72), TG (r=0.84), glucose (r=0.32), systolic blood pressure (r=0.22), and diastolic blood pressure (r=0.28). Conclusion. It indicated that AIP is associated with other CVD risk factors. Modification of lifestyle is strongly recommended.

scholarly journals Lipid Profile, Atherogenic Index of Plasma, and Anthropometric Measurements Among Osteoporotic Postmenopausal Sudanese Women: Possible Risk for Cardiovascular Disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelgadir Elmugadam ◽  
Ghada A. Elfadil ◽  
Abdelrahman Ismail Hamad ◽  
Mawahib Aledrissy ◽  
Hisham N. Altayb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Anthropometric Measurements ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Atherogenic Index Of Plasma ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
T Score

Abstract Background: Osteoporosis and menopausal women’s health had paucity data from Africa, especially Sub-Saharan countries. The current study aimed to assess the relationship between lipid profile, atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP), anthropometric measurements, and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among osteoporotic Sudanese postmenopausal women.Methods: An epidemiological, cross-sectional comparative, community-based study was conducted. Postmenopausal women (n = 300), aged 47- 90 years, with an average one year postmenopause, were recruited from various centers in Khartoum State. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) was used to assess bone density. DEXA scan was interpreted in terms of T-score as per World Health Organization guidelines. Weight, height, and waist circumference were measured twice following standard protocols. In addition, fasting blood samples (5ml) were collected for the determination of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). AIP was calculated as an indicator for CVD risk. Blood samples were assayed on the Roche/Hitachi Cobas c311 system (Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Germany). Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS version 26. Results: The mean age of the postmenopausal women was 61.7±10.3 years, with 80 women having normal T-score and an equal number of osteoporotic and osteopenic (n = 110 each). Most women (59%) aged 47-64 years. The prevalence of osteoporosis was 36.7%. Many postmenopausal women with normal BMD suffered from general (68%) and central obesity (94%) compared with their counterparts. Hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, high LDL-C, hypo-HDL-C were identified among 26.4%, 31%, 16.3%, and 32.7% osteoporotic women respectively. Osteoporotic postmenopausal (36.4%) women had medium to high risk of CVD according to their AIPs. There was a significantly inverse correlation between age and HDL-C (r= -0.205; p=0.032) whereas positive association between AIP and TC (r=0.230; p=0.016), among osteoporotic women. Osteoporotic (52%) and osteopenic (42%) women had ≥2 CVD risk factors. Multiple Linear regression analysis showed T-score value decreased significantly with age and AIP and increased with BMI. Conclusion: Osteoporosis is prevalent among Sudanese postmenopausal women who are at increased risk for CVD. Necessary steps are needed for public education and wider dissemination of information about osteoporosis, CVD and their prevention.

scholarly journals Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP) a Tool to Assess Changes in Cardiovascular Disease Risk Post Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Eman Al Shawaf ◽  
Ebaa Al-Ozairi ◽  
Fahad Al-Asfar ◽  
Anwar Mohammad ◽  
Shaima Al-Beloushi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Morbid Obesity ◽  
Sleeve Gastrectomy ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Obese People ◽  
Atherogenic Index Of Plasma ◽  
History Of ◽  
Vascular Age ◽  
Morbid Obese

Predictive indices like the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) have been developed to estimate the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Metabolic surgery is the most effective treatment for a rapid improvement of morbid obesity and its comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes (T2D) and CVD. A decreased reoccurrence of CVD after metabolic surgery has been reported by several studies. However, studies utilizing predictive indices for CVD risk in CVD-free morbid-obese patients who undertook laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) are lacking. Here, we use AIP as a tool to evaluate the improvement in CVD risk post-LSG in morbid-obese people who had no history of CVD. Method. We compared baseline, 6- and 12-month post-LSG score of AIP, vascular age, circulating biochemical markers related to CVD in two groups of BMI and age-matched morbid-obese participants with and without T2D. Results. At baseline, people with T2D had significantly higher AIP both, with morbid obesity (0.23±0.06, p<0.001) and normal weight (0.022±0.05, p<0.001) compared to their BMI-matched without T2D group. People with morbid obesity had low AIP (−0.083±0.06). Vascular age was significantly higher in people with morbid obesity and T2D (65.8±3.7year, p<0.0001) compared to morbid obesity (37.9±2.6 year). After one year, AIP was significantly reduced compared to baseline score in people with morbid obesity with/without T2D, respectively (−0.135±0.07, p=0.003; and −0.36±0.04, p=0.0002). Conclusion. Our data illuminates AIP as a reliable predictive index for CVD risk in morbid-obese people who had no history of CVD. Moreover, AIP accurately distinguishes between morbid obesity with T2D and morbid obesity and showed a rapid and significant reduction in CVD risk after LSG in people who had no history of CVD. This is a ClinicalTrials.gov registered trial (Reference NCT03038373).

scholarly journals NDSP-12: Atherogenic index of plasma as a useful marker of cardiovascular disease risk among Pakistani individuals; a study from the second National Diabetes Survey of Pakistan (NDSP) 2016-2017

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asher Fawwad ◽  
Yasir Mahmood ◽  
Saima Askari ◽  
Anum Butt ◽  
Abdul Basit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Atherogenic Index Of Plasma ◽  
Diabetes Survey

Aim To assess the correlation between atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. Methodology This is a sub study of the second National Diabetes Survey of Pakistan (NDSP) 2016–2017, an epidemiological survey including people of > 20 years of age and both genders in all four provinces of Pakistan. Out of 213 clusters, twenty-seven clusters were selected from all over the Pakistan. Households were identified and selected members of every 10th household were counseled to come to the campsite after observing an overnight fast. Standardized techniques were used for measuring height, weight, BMI, waist circumference, and blood pressure. Standard methods were used for analyzing biochemical parameters including oral glucose tolerance test, lipid profile and various lipid derived parameter/ratios were calculated. The AIP was calculated by using formula log10 (TG/HDL) for all survey participants. Statistical analyses were conducted by using statistical package for social sciences, version 20. Results A total of 7351 people (2877 males and 4201females) were selected for this sub-analysis after fulfilling the inclusion criteria. Overall AIP score was calculated as 0.74±0.31 and according to the AIP risk categorization, the majority 6996 (95.2%) fell in the high-risk category of developing CVD, whereas 258(3.5%) were in moderate and only 97(1.3%) people were found in low-risk category. Multiple logistic regression analyses showed male gender and diabetes as risk factor for developing CVD based on AIP score. Furthermore, various lipid derived parameters LDL-C and HDL-C, TG and HDL-C, lipoprotein combined index (LCI) were shown strong correlation with AIP. Conclusion The significant association between AIP and CVD risk factors exists and high levels of AIP in Pakistani population may be an alarming sign in developing cardiovascular disease.

scholarly journals The Ten-Year Risk of Developing Cardiovascular Disease Among Public Health Workers In North-Central Nigeria Using Framingham And Atherogenic Index of Plasma Risk Scores

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olubunmi Abiola Olubiyi ◽  
Bosede Folashade Rotimi ◽  
Munirat Ayoola Afolayan ◽  
Bilqis Wuraola Alatishe-Muhammed ◽  
Olufemi Mubo Olubiyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Framingham Risk Score ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
North Central ◽  
Atherogenic Index Of Plasma ◽  
Framingham Risk

Abstract Background: Estimation of total cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk with the use of risk prediction charts such as the Framingham risk score and Atherogenic index of plasma score is a huge improvement on the practice of identifying and treating each of the risk factors such as high blood pressure and elevated blood cholesterol. The estimation of the total risk highlights that CVD risk factors occur together and thereby predicts who should be treated. There is scarcity of data on the risk scoring of adults in Nigeria including health workers. Therefore, this study was done to estimate the cardiovascular risks of health workers in public health services in north-central NigeriaMethods: A cross-sectional survey was performed using validated Framingham risk score calculator and calculation of risk based on the lipid profile of 301 randomly selected health workers in North-central Nigeria. Descriptive analysis was done using frequency counts and percentages while inferential statistics were done using chi square and correlation analyses using statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0. The confidence level was 95% and the level of significance was set at 0.05.Results: The 10-year risk of developing CVD was generally low in the health workers. Using Framingham risk score, 98.3% of health workers have low risk, 1.0% have moderate risk and 0.7% have high risk. Among the cadres of health workers, 1.5% of the nurses have moderate risk while 2.5% of the doctors and 3.3% of the CHEWs have high risk of developing CVD in 10 years. Using Atherogenic index of plasma scoring, only 2% of the health workers have high risk, 4.7% have intermediate risk while 93.4% have low risk. Across the cadres, 6.3% of the nurses and 3.3% of the CHEWs have intermediate risk while 2.4% of the nurses and 3.3% of the CHEWs have high risk. These findings were however not statistically significant.Conclusions: the 10-year risk of developing cardiovascular disease was low in the health workers in this study using both Framingham’s risk score and atherogenic index of plasma scores

scholarly journals Impact of the Glycemic Control and Duration of Type 2 Diabetes on Vitamin D Level and Cardiovascular Disease Risk

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Thuraya A. Alaidarous ◽  
Noura M. Alkahtani ◽  
Ghadeer S. Aljuraiban ◽  
Mahmoud M. A. Abulmeaty
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Long Duration

Background and Aims. To investigate the impact of glycemic control and T2D duration on vitamin D status and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk among Saudi patients. Methods. This case-control study was conducted in King Faisal Specialist Hospital, Saudi Arabia. A total of 25 nondiabetic controls and 92 patients with confirmed T2D, aged 20–60 years, were included. Patients with T2D were divided into the following groups based on disease duration (newly diagnosed: ≈6 months and long duration: ≥5 years) and glycemic control based on their glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) level with a threshold of ≤0.053 mol/mol: newly diagnosed controlled (NC, n=25), newly diagnosed uncontrolled (NU, n=17), long duration controlled (LC, n=25), and long duration uncontrolled (LU, n=25). Blood levels of fasting blood glucose, HbA1C, lipid profile, and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) were assessed and used to define the CVD risk score. Results. Our study showed that T2D duration was an independent predictor of vitamin D deficiency. The longer disease duration, the lower odds of being vitamin D deficient (odds ratio (OR) = 0.05, 95% CI: 0.01–0.29, p<0.05). No significant association was observed between vitamin D and HbA1C levels. In the NU group, CVD risk scores were directly correlated with serum 25(OH)D (r=0.53, p<0.05). On the contrary, 25(OH)D was moderately inversely correlated with CVD risk score in the LU group (r=−0.45, p<0.05). Conclusion. Duration of diabetes rather than glycemic control is associated with vitamin D deficiency. Glycemic uncontrol may augment vitamin D deficiency-associated CVD risk in both newly diagnosed and old patients with type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals High Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein as Atherogenic Marker Among Type 2 Diabetes

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (33) ◽  
pp. 403
Author(s):  
Abdelmarouf H. Mohieldein ◽  
Marghoob Hasan ◽  
Mahmoud I. El-Habiby
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Vascular Events ◽  
Apo B ◽  
Hs Crp

Background: People with type 2 diabetes are threefold affected by cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared with non-diabetics. Many studies reported the absence of traditional CVD risk factors in a substantial portion of individuals experiencing clinical vascular events. Novel risk markers for CVD are often said to add independent predictive value for risk prediction. Objective: In the present study we evaluated different CVD risk factors based on highsensitivity C-reactive (hs- CRP) protein quartiles among diabetics and nondiabetics population. Methods: In this population- based cross- sectional study, we recruited a total of onehundred and nine participants (64 type 2 diabetics and 45 healthy controls). Venous blood sample collected from each subject. Body weight and height were measured and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Biochemical analytes were measured according to standard procedures. Data analyzed using SPSS software. Results: Mean serum hs-CRP levels were significantly higher among diabetics (2.3 mg/l) compared to controls (1.8 mg/l; P = 0.019). Moreover, the 3rd & 4th quartiles of hs-CRP were characterized by more frequency of diabetes as well as hypertension. The percent of participants with diabetes or hypertension seemed positively related to hs CRP concentrations. Lipid profile analysis revealed the highest levels of LDL-C and Apo B in 4th quartile hs-CRP. In addition, participants in the 4th quartile hs-CRP were characterized by the highest age, BMI, plasma glucose. However, there was European Scientific Journal November 2017 edition Vol.13, No.33 ISSN: 1857 – 7881 (Print) e - ISSN 1857- 7431 404 no clear association between levels of hs-CRP and the HbA1c, TC, TG, HDL-C, and Apo A1. Conclusion: Measurement of hs-CRP in diabetic patients might provide useful information for development of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease and help in early intervention.

scholarly journals Are young Iranian women with metabolically healthy obesity at increased risk of CVD incidence?

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Ahmad Hosseini ◽  
Vahideh Aghamohammadi ◽  
Damoon Ashtary-Larky ◽  
Meysam Alipour ◽  
Matin Ghanavati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
Iranian Women ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Atherogenic Index Of Plasma ◽  
Metabolically Healthy Obese ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Metabolically Healthy ◽  
Hs Crp

Abstract Background The association between the Metabolically Healthy Obese (MHO) phenotype in the absence of metabolic syndrome and subsequent cardiovascular disease remains unclear. Objectives We examined the association between MHO and CVD risk in young Iranian women. Methods We studied 183 women aged 20-35 years from a population of 308 candidates. We classified participants into 4 phenotypes. We measured body composition, blood pressure, and biochemical factors in all participants. Results The Metabolically Healthy Normal Weight (MHNW) and Normal Weight Obese (NWO) phenotypes had no statistical differences in any biochemistry variables. FBS, TG, LDL/HDL, Cholesterol/HDL, hs-CRP, and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) were all higher in Metabolically Unhealthy Obese (MUO) than MHO individuals, whereas HDL was higher in MHO than in MUO individuals. LDL/HDL and hs-CRP were higher in MHO participants than MHNW participants, whereas HDL-c was higher in MHNW than MHO. Conclusions Results of the present study demonstrate that young women displaying the MHO phenotype have a favorable metabolic profile as shown by lower FBS, TG, LDL-c/HDL, Cho/HDL, hs-CRP, and AIP and higher HDL levels than the MUO phenotype. However, MHO individuals were still at greater risk of CVD incidence (lower HDL and higher hs-CRP levels) than MHNW individuals.

scholarly journals In Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients, the Atherogenic Index of Plasma as a Marker of Coronary Artery Diseases

2021 ◽  
pp. 263246362110313
Author(s):  
Muhammed Hossam Al-Shaer ◽  
Manar Mostafa Elzaky ◽  
El Sayed Mohamed Farag ◽  
Mostafa Osama Mohamed Saad
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Atherogenic Index Of Plasma

One-third of all deaths globally are caused by cardiovascular disease (CVD), and this percentage is predicted to climb as CVD risk factors become more widespread. Primary prevention of risk factors is the most fundamental duty in dealing with the CVD epidemic. The link between atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and other CVD risks among university workers was investigated among study participants in order to demonstrate that AIP, not lipid profile, is a better predictor of CVDs. They discovered a link between AIP and CVD risk variables (body mass index, visceral fat, body fat, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose, and high density lipoprotein cholesterol) in people with type 2 diabetes. This comparative study was carried out in Cardiology Department, Zagazig University Hospitals. This study included 140 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. They were classified into 2 main groups: Group 1: 70 patients with type 2 diabetes who had coronary artery disease (CAD). Group (2): 70 type 2 diabetes individuals with no indicators of CAD (admitted complaining of symptoms of angina or CA showing no significant stenotic lesions). Regarding study explained it has showed that AIP outperforms standard lipid indicators in predicting the likelihood ofdeveloping CADs in people with type 2 diabetes. In addition, the value of AIP in diabetic and prediabetic patients for predicting future CVD is being investigated. They came to the conclusion that AIP is an excellent predictor of future CVD in those with diabetes and those who are prediabetic.

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