Ten-Year (2010–2019) Activity Report of the Replantation Service for Hand and Finger Amputations in Poland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Zyluk
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Primary Reconstruction ◽  
Routine Procedure ◽  
Complex Injury ◽  
Organization Of Care ◽  
Common Operation ◽  
High Standards ◽  
Service Data ◽  
Activity Report

AbstractReplantation of amputated hands is now considered a routine procedure in countries representing high standards of medical care. However, organization of care for patients with hand amputations is not uniform and varies from country to country, even in the European Union. This article presents organization of the Replantation Service for hand amputations in Poland, and ten-year activity report of the Service. Data to this report were obtained by mailing questionnaires to seven participating departments.A total of 974 patients, 871 men (89 %) and 103 women (11 %) at a mean age of 40 years with total or subtotal amputations or other severe upper limb-threatening injuries were admitted to the seven units participating in the Service. The most common injury was multidigital amputation – 353 (36 %), followed by the thumb – 282 (29 %), the metacarpal and wrist – 231 (24 %) and the forearm and arm – 108 (11 %) amputations. The most common operation was replantation of totally amputated hands/fingers – 368 cases (38 %), followed by revascularization of subtotal amputated hands/fingers – 344 (35 %). Primary reconstruction of a complex injury to the hand was performed in 135 patients (14 %). The rate of survival of the replanted/revascularized hands/fingers was a mean of 80 %. The report is supported by literature review about replantation services in other countries.

Specialist training in psychiatry in Europe – Results of the UEMS-survey

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winfried Lotz-Rambaldi ◽  
Ines Schäfer ◽  
Roelof ten Doesschate ◽  
Fritz Hohagen
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Training Requirements ◽  
Medical Specialists ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Free Movement Of Workers ◽  
Treaty Of Rome ◽  
High Standards ◽  
European Board ◽  
The Eu

AbstractAccording to the aim of the Treaty of Rome from 1957 which postulated the free movement of workers throughout the European Union, the European Board of Psychiatry in the UEMS (European Union of Medical Specialists) carried out a comprehensive survey of training in psychiatry, including all member countries in order to evaluate the present state of training in psychiatry in each. The survey should indicate whether the training requirements [UEMS Section Psychiatry. Charter on training of medical specialists in the EU: requirements for the speciality psychiatry. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience 1997;247(Suppl.):S45–7; UEMS Section Psychiatry. Charter on training of medical specialists in the EU: requirements for the speciality psychiatry. <www.uemspsychiatry.org/board/reports/Chapter6-11.10.03.pdf>; 2003 [last revision]] have had an impact on the actual conditions of training in psychiatry in the member countries. We gathered 22 questionnaires from 31 national representatives involved and 424 questionnaires completed by the chief of training and the representative of trainees at the responding training centres from 22 countries. The results give an overview about the practice of training in psychiatry in many European countries. While there are great differences between the training centres in different countries, apparent progress towards developing high standards in training in psychiatry has been made.

Japan-EU Relations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Söderberg
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Domestic Politics ◽  
World Order ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Strategic Partnership ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Face ◽  
Partnership Agreement ◽  
High Standards

Japan and the European Union have recently made several agreements aiming to deepen their cooperation. An example of this is the “Partnership on Sustainable Connectivity and Quality Infrastructure between the European Union and Japan,” by which both EU and Japan agreed to “promote free, open, rules-based, fair, non-discriminatory and predictable regional and international trade and investment, transparent procurement practices, the ensuring of debt sustainability and the high standards of economic, fiscal, financial, social and environmental sustainability.” This is just the latest part in an effort by both to revive multilateral cooperation in the face of US withdrawal from international agreements and the rise of a more assertive China. Japan and EUs Strategic Partnership Agreement provides a legally binding framework for further cooperation in the field of politics, security, and development. Underpinning it are shared values and principles of democracy, the rule of law, human rights, and fundamental freedoms. For the protection of democracy and the liberal world order, Japan and the EU seem like ideal partners. The question is whether ongoing shifts in the power balance, geopolitics, crises of liberalism, domestic politics, and legal and technological changes will lead to broader and deeper cooperation. This chapter provides a historical background to Japan-European relations from WWII until today. The relation started with a heavy emphasis on trade and business. It is only recently that the two have broadened their cooperation and now stand up as two of the strongest defenders of a liberal rule-based world order.

scholarly journals The Cyprus Question in the European Integration Processes (1960-2004)

2019 ◽  
pp. 28-47
Author(s):  
Stanislav Kovalskyi
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
European Integration ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Customs Union ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Integration Policy ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Post Cold War ◽  
High Standards ◽  
Territorial Division

The article is devoted to the Cyprus issue in the context of the European integration processes from the Republic’s independence till the accession of Cyprus to the European Union in 2004. Forms and stages of Cyprus` integration policy were revealed in the article. The European integration was the main idea of the Cyprus history in the late 20th century and at the early 21th century. Therefore, the mentioned aspect became the subject of this research. Two lead strategies of the Cyprus policy towards European Communities were identified. The first one was the association within the framework of the customs union as a lead Cyprus policy in 1970-1980th. The second strategy was based on the principles of full membership in the European Union. The latter was occurring in the post Cold war era and had been succeeded in 2004. The home and foreign problems, formed so called Cyprus question, were characterized in the paper. Ethnic conflict’s consequences, artificial territorial division, unfinished peacekeeping operation were obstructing the European goal of the Cyprus Republic. European Commission considered Cyprus to be adjusted to the European high standards. Due to Greek Cypriot’s hard work for the juridical implementations and social and economic adaptations Cyprus was accepted to the EU. In the 1990s the European Union proposed its own way to maintain the Cyprus problem by proceeding intercommunion negotiations and UN Resolutions. This EU`s activity was failed in many points that was reflected in the paper. The British, Greek and Turkish opinion about the Cyprus integration was analyzed. The politic reaction of Greece and Turkey was also in the focus of view. An attention was paid to the Turkish community of Cyprus as a separated problem. The change of Turks Cypriots` status during integration policy of Cyprus was a prominent feature in attempting to solve Cyprus dispute. The Cyprus question is affecting the Turkish European policy badly. Therefore, this problem remains actual for the European history.

scholarly journals Advances in identifying GM plants: toward the routine detection of ‘hidden’ and ‘new’ GMOs

2021 ◽  
pp. 87-150
Author(s):  
Yves Bertheau ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Routine Procedure ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
Gm Plants ◽  
Varietal Identification ◽  
European Regulations ◽  
Additional Costs ◽  
And Control

In 2018 the Court of Justice of the European Union recalled that organisms with genomes modified by artifactual techniques should be considered GMOs under European regulations. GMOs derived from cultures of cells isolated in vitro or from new genomic techniques must therefore be traceable. This chapter reviews the various technical steps and characteristics of those techniques causing genomic and epigenomic scars and signatures. These intentional and unintentional traces, some of which are already used for varietal identification, and are being standardized, can be used to identify these GMOs and differentiate them from natural mutants. The chapter suggests a routine procedure for operators and control laboratories to achieve this without additional costs.

scholarly journals Przedsiębiorczość nierolnicza wśród mieszkańców obszarów wiejskich gminy Piotrków Kujawski

2017 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 115-124
Author(s):  
Sławomir Zawisza ◽  
Agnieszka Paradzińska
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Business Owners ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Local Taxes ◽  
Developmental Factors ◽  
Common Activity ◽  
Used Cars ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
High Standards

The survey was carried out in May and June 2015. As many as 131 business entities chosen on the basis of economic activity registration in the considered commune, 21 of which suspended temporarily their activity, were analyzed. A survey was also carried out among 50 entrepreneurs randomly chosen from a group of 110 business owners involved in economic activity in the rural area of Piotrków Piotrków Kujawski community. The carried out survey revealed that the transformations initiated in 1989 and integration of Poland with the European Union in 2004 caused the highest increase in the number of business entities in Piotrków Kujawski community. The biggest number of unregistered companies was reported in 2011 after occurrence of the worldwide financial and economic crisis. The most common activity profile was in the field of services (renovation and construction) and in trade (used cars dealers, grocery and commodity shops). According to the respondents the most important developmental factors included: reduction of taxes and bank credit interest as well as infrastructural development. The most common difficulties were: too high local taxes, low profitability of business and too high standards imposed by the European Union.

Modern trends in development of European tourism and its implications on the development of Croatia's tourism

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-328
Author(s):  
Ivan Vuković
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Political Development ◽  
European Countries ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
The North ◽  
Western European ◽  
High Standards ◽  
Tourism Economy ◽  
North Western

Modern trends in the development of European tourism, especially in the north-western European countries, characterise a permanent increasement of tourism and a demand for new tourist destinations, which provide quality tourist services. In this context, the importance for development of Croatian tourism is as one of the biggest European tourism countries. In this research we tried to investigate modem trends in the development of European tourism, as well as the influence of economical, social and political development on development of tourism. These trends in European tourism have repercussions on the possibility of development of Croatian tourism, with condition of changing the structure in hotel and tourism economy. We must have the high standards of services in our hotels, so we should integrate with the European Union.

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