scholarly journals Effect of Environmental Factors on Plectranthus Neochilus Volatile Composition: A GC-MS-Based Metabolomics Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (03) ◽  
pp. e153-e160
Author(s):  
Maria Isabel Galbiatti ◽  
Guilherme Perez Pinheiro ◽  
Elisa Ribeiro Miranda Antunes ◽  
Vinicius Verri Hernandes ◽  
Alexandra Christine Helena Frankland Sawaya
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Volatile Profile ◽  
Chemical Profile ◽  
Specific Mass ◽  
Headspace Volatiles ◽  
Volatile Composition ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Aromatic Species ◽  
Metabolic Variation ◽  
Chromatographic Peaks

Abstract Plectranthus neochilus Schltr. is an aromatic species, commonly used for digestive, antispasmodic, and analgesic purposes. Although many studies have reported the chemical composition of its essential oil, variations in the volatile profile were observed, which may be due to multiple factors linked to growth and field conditions. In order to detect metabolic variations in this species, we employed a GC-MS-based untargeted metabolomics approach analyzing samples of four P. neochilus individuals collected over a year. From all analyses, 24 mass features were detected and 21 were identified according to their respective chromatographic peaks. All features varied among samples, particularly (2E)-hexenal, 3-octanone and δ-3-carene, which showed the highest coefficient of variation percentage in our study. Although the four individuals presented the same peaks in the chromatograms, significant differences in the intensity of specific mass features were detected between individuals throughout the year. Time of sampling did not affect P. neochilus volatile composition; the chemical profile remained constant throughout the day. Seasonal trends were observed for the species. Winter months coincided with a drop in the intensity of most components. Air temperature showed a positive correlation with some feature intensities, while myrcene and α-thujene resulted in a positive and a negative correlation with rainfall, respectively. This study was the first attempt to correlate metabolic variation and environmental factors in P. neochilus. Our approach was successful in identifying the composition and variation of the headspace volatiles of P. neochilus leaves.

Election Criteria for the Adoption of an Augmentative Communication System

1980 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 408-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard C. Shane ◽  
Anthony S. Bashir
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Communication System ◽  
Augmentative Communication ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Decision Matrix ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Previous Therapy ◽  
Case Data

Criteria for determining candidacy for an augmentative communication system are reviewed. Included is a consideration of cognitive, oral reflex, language, motor, intelligibility, emotional, chronological age, previous therapy, imitative, and environmental factors. The multiple factors are arranged on a branching type decision matrix, which yields a decision to either elect, reject, or delay implementation of an augmentative communication system. Case data demonstrating application of the decision matrix are presented.

Social frailty: the importance of social and environmental factors in predicting frailty in older adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 486-492
Author(s):  
Karen Freer ◽  
Sophie Louise Wallington
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Community Care ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Causal Relationships ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Common Definition

Frailty can have multifaceted contributors, including physical, psychological, social and environmental elements. There is a lack of clarity surrounding frailty as it lacks a universal common definition, multiple factors are attributed to frailty and no definitive assessment tool is available. The evidence suggests that there is a lack of research to indicate causal relationships between the various determinants of frailty in ageing individuals. This review discusses the important role that social and environmental factors play in predicting the risk of frailty in older adults, as well as discussing the various signs of frailty. Health professionals in primary and community care settings are well placed to prevent and identify social frailty in the persons they care for.

Volatile profile and potential of inactive dry yeast-based winemaking additives to modify the volatile composition of wines

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (10) ◽  
pp. 1665-1673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Ángeles Pozo-Bayón ◽  
Inmaculada Andújar-Ortiz ◽  
M Victoria Moreno-Arribas
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Profile ◽  
Volatile Composition

scholarly journals Acclimation Response and Ability of Growth and Photosynthesis of Terrestrial Cyanobacterium Cylindrospermum sp. Strain FS 64 Under Combined Environmental Factors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Bahavar ◽  
Shadman Shokravi
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Process Change ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
Acclimation Response ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Cell Study

Abstract This investigation tested the hypothesis that the native cyanobacteria can acclimatize and grow under the combination of environmental factors and/or how does their process change with the age of culture? Here, we tried to combine multiple factors to simulated what happens in natural ecosystems. We analyzed the physiological response of terrestrial cyanobacterium, Cylindrospermum sp. FS 64 under combination effect of different salinity (17, 80, and 160 mM) and alkaline pHs (9 and 11) at extremely limited carbon dioxide concentration (no aeration) up to 96h. Our evidence showed that growth, biomass, photosystem II, and phycobilisome activity significantly increased under 80 mM salinity and pH 11. In addition, this combined condition led to a significant increase in maximum light-saturated photosynthesis activity and photosynthetic efficiency. While phycobilisomes and photosystem activity decreased by increasing salinity (160 mM) which caused decreased growth rates after 96h. The single-cell study (CLMS microscopy) which illustrated the physiological state of the individual and active-cell confirmed the efficiency and effectiveness of both photosystems and phycobilisome under the combined effect of 80 mM salinity and pH 11.

Medicine Residency Training

2015 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Residency Training ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
Medical Consultation ◽  
Patient Relationship ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Access To Health ◽  
Chaotic Nature

The purpose of this chapter is to explore how issues with medicine and health care are pervasive all over the globe- to a lesser or greater extent. The twin contexts of the quality of and access to health care and medical services are entangled in the deeper complexities of the way the health care machinery works. Problems with governance, political instability and unrest, environmental factors and legal dilemmas add to the already chaotic nature of health care establishments, where patients and doctors find themselves surrounded and directed by technology most of the time. The doctor- patient relationship suffers due to multiple factors ranging from a ‘lack of satisfaction' from the medical consultation to issues of affordability and funding.

scholarly journals Overlooked Scents: Chemical Profile of Soma, Volatile Emissions and Trails of the Green Tree Ant, Oecophylla smaragdina

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 2112
Author(s):  
Vivek Kempraj ◽  
Soo Jean Park ◽  
Stefano De Faveri ◽  
Phillip W. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Ecology ◽  
Knowledge Gap ◽  
Chemical Profile ◽  
Oecophylla Smaragdina ◽  
Headspace Volatiles ◽  
Weaver Ants ◽  
Weaver Ant ◽  
Volatile Emissions ◽  
Poison Glands

The green tree ant, Oecophylla smaragdina, is one of only two recognized species of weaver ants. While the identity and functions of chemicals produced and emitted by its congener O. longinoda have been studied quite extensively and serve as a valuable model in chemical ecology research, little comparable information is available about O. smaragdina. Although some analyses of chemicals produced and emitted by O. smaragdina have been reported, the literature is fragmentary and incomplete for this species. To address this knowledge gap, and to enable comparisons in the chemical ecology of the two weaver ant species, we here describe diverse chemicals from the cuticle, Dufour’s glands, poison glands, head, headspace volatiles, and trails of O. smaragdina.

scholarly journals Volatile Oil Profile of Prickly Ash (Zanthoxylum) Pericarps from Different Locations in China

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2386
Author(s):  
Yao Ma ◽  
Jieyun Tian ◽  
Yabing Chen ◽  
Ming Chen ◽  
Yulin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Volatile Profile ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Volatile Oils ◽  
Geographical Variations ◽  
Comprehensive Information

Volatile oils of prickly ash (Zanthoxylum) pericarps have various potential biological functions with considerable relevance to food, pharmacological, and industrial applications. The volatile profile of oils extracted from prickly ash pericarps obtained from 72 plantations in China was determined by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Several chemometric analyses were used to better understand the volatile oil profile differences among different pericarps and to determine the key factors that affected geographical variations in the main volatile constituents of oils. A total of 47 constituents were detected with D-limonene, alfa-myrcene, and linalool as the most abundant. The volatile profile of pericarp oils was significantly affected by prickly ash species and some environmental factors, and the key factors that affected volatile profile variations for different prickly ash species were diverse. Chemometric analyses based on the volatile oil profile could properly distinguish Z. armatum pericarps from other pericarps. This study provides comprehensive information on the volatile oil profile of pericarps from different prickly ash species and different plantations, and it can be beneficial to a system for evaluating of pericarp quality. Moreover, this study speculates on the key environmental factors that cause volatile oil variations for each species, and can help to obtain better prickly ash pericarp volatile oils by improving the cultivated environments.

scholarly journals Insights on Single-Dose Espresso Coffee Capsules’ Volatile Profile: From Ground Powder Volatiles to Prediction of Espresso Brew Aroma Properties

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2508
Author(s):  
Guido R. Lopes ◽  
Sílvia Petronilho ◽  
Andreia S. Ferreira ◽  
Mariana Pinto ◽  
Claúdia P. Passos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Volatile Profile ◽  
Volatile Composition ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Espresso Coffee ◽  
Coffee Powder

Single-dose coffee capsules have revolutionized the coffee market, fueling espresso coffee popularity and offering access to a wide selection of coffee blends. Nevertheless, scarce information related to coffee powder and brew’s combined volatile characterization is available. In this study, it is hypothesized that coffee brew aroma characteristics can be predicted based on coffee powder’s volatile composition. For this, headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) combined with comprehensive twodimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry detection (GC × GCToFMS) was used. The data were combined via chemometric tools to characterize in depth the volatile composition of eight blends of capsule-coffee powder and respective espresso brews, simulating the consumer’s perception. A total of 390 volatile compounds were putatively identified, 100 reported for the first time in roasted coffee or brews. Although the same chemical families were determined among the coffee powders and espresso brews, a different volatile profile was determined for each matrix. The Pearson correlation of coffee powders and respective brews allowed to identify 15 volatile compounds, mainly terpenic and esters recognized by their pleasant notes, with a strong relationship between the amounts present in both matrices. These compounds can be key markers to predict the volatile aroma potential of an espresso brew when analyzing the coffee powder.

scholarly journals Concentrate Apple Juice Industry: Aroma and Pomace Valuation as Food Ingredients

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 2443
Author(s):  
Elisabete Coelho ◽  
Mariana Pinto ◽  
Rita Bastos ◽  
Marco Cruz ◽  
Cláudia Nunes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Apple Juice ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Apple Pomace ◽  
Evaporation Process ◽  
Volatile Profile ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Volatile Composition ◽  
Food Ingredients

Apple concentrate juice industry generates a flavored coproduct (apple aroma) recovered in the evaporation process, which is poorly valuated due to the lack of chemical characterization and standardization. In this study, industry apple aroma was characterized, allowing for the identification of 37 compounds, the majority esters (20), alcohols (7), and aldehydes (4). The storage temperature did not affect its volatile composition. Five key compounds were selected and monitored for 10 months of storage, and also compared with other three productions of another season allowing for observation of the same Aroma Index. Apple pomace was also used to produce a hydrodistillate. Contrary to the apple aroma, apple pomace hydrodistillate was unpleasant, reflected in a different volatile composition. Although no additional aroma fraction could be obtained from this wet byproduct, when dried, apple pomace presented 15 volatile compounds with toasted, caramel, sweet, and green notes. The infusions prepared with the dried apple pomace exhibited 25 volatile compounds with a very pleasant (fruity, apple-like, citrus, and spicy notes) and intense aroma. The addition of sugar changed the volatile profile, providing a less intense flavor, with almond, caramel, and sweet notes. These results show that apple aroma and pomace are high-quality flavoring agents with high potential of valuation as food ingredients.

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