FeCl3-Promoted Facile Synthesis of Multiply Arylated Nicotinonitriles

Synthesis ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kento Iwai ◽  
Haruka Yamauchi ◽  
Soichi Yokoyama ◽  
Nagatoshi Nishiwaki
Keyword(s):  
Cyano Group ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Cyclization Reaction ◽  
Synthetic Methods ◽  
Facile Synthesis ◽  
Unsaturated Ketones ◽  
Synthetic Strategy ◽  
Wide Range

Many biologically active nicotinonitriles have been reported to date. Consequently, the development of synthetic methods for multiply arylated/alkylated nicotinonitriles remains a sought-after field of research. In the present work, a new synthetic strategy for multi-substituted nicotinonitriles was provided. A FeCl3-promoted condensation-cyclization reaction of an enamino nitrile and α,β-unsaturated ketones efficiently proceeded with a wide range of substrates. It is noteworthy that this method facilitated the access to fully- and differently substituted nicotinonitriles including tetra-arylated nicotinonitriles in only three steps. Using the functionality of the cyano group, the copper-catalyzed annulation reaction of the nicotinonitrile was achieved to yield benzo[c][2,7]naphthyridin-5(6H)-one.

Green Chemistry Approaches to the Synthesis of Coumarin Derivatives

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maja Molnar ◽  
Melita Lončarić ◽  
Marija Kovač
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Green Chemistry ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Synthetic Methods ◽  
Specific Class ◽  
Coumarin Derivatives ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Coumarin Synthesis

This review is a compilation of the green synthetic methods used in the synthesis of coumarin derivatives. Coumarins are a class of compounds with a pronounced wide range of biological activities, which have found their application in medicine, pharmacology, cosmetics and food industry. Their biological activity and potential application are highly dependent on their structure. Therefore, many researchers have been performing the synthesis of coumarin derivatives on a daily basis. High demands for their synthesis often result in an increased generation of different waste chemicals. In order to minimize the utilization and generation of toxic organic substances, green synthetic methods are applied in this manner. These methods are getting more attention in the last few decades. Green chemistry methods cover a wide range of methods, including the application of ultrasound and microwaves, ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents, solvent-free synthesis, mechanosynthesis and multicomponent reactions. All typical condensation reactions for coumarin synthesis like Knoevenagel, Perkin, Kostanecki-Robinson, Pechmann and Reformansky reactions, have been successfully performed using these green synthetic methods. According to the authors mentioned in this review, not only these methods reduce the utilization and generation of toxic chemicals, but they can also enhance the reaction performance in terms of product yields, purity, energy consumption and post-synthetic procedures when compared to the conventional methods. Due to the significance of coumarins as biologically active systems and the recent demands of reducing toxic solvents, catalysts and energy consumption, this review provides a first full literature overview on the application of green synthetic methods in the coumarin synthesis. It covers a literature search over the period from 1995-2019. The importance of this work is its comprehensive literature survey on a specific class of heterocyclic compounds, and those researchers working on the coumarin synthesis can find very useful information on the green synthetic approaches to their synthesis. There are some reviews on the coumarin synthesis, but most of them cover only specific reactions on coumarin synthesis and none of them the whole range of green chemistry methods.

Intramolecular Cyclization of Aryl Propargyl Ethers: A Straightforward and Convenient Approach to Benzofuran Derivatives

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 972-981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akram Hosseinian ◽  
Mirzaagha Babazadeh ◽  
Ladan Edjlali ◽  
Zahra Rahmani ◽  
Esmail Vessally
Keyword(s):  
Intramolecular Cyclization ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Specific Class ◽  
Unsaturated Ketones ◽  
Synthetic Strategy ◽  
Comprehensive Development ◽  
One Step ◽  
Large Application ◽  
The Subject

Background: Benzofurans are very important structural motifs found in a great number of natural products and biologically active compounds. Many commercially available drugs, including citalopram, dronedarone, saprisartan, darifenacin, and galantamine are derived from benzofuran core entities. Due to the diversity of benzofuran derivatives in the therapeutic response profile, developing novel and truly efficient methods for their synthesis from low-cost and easily accessible starting materials in one-step has been the subject of number of papers in recent years. Objective: Propargylic ethers are one of the most specific class of heteroatom-containing alkynes showing a large application as intermediates in organic synthesis. These compounds were successfully transformed into various organic compounds, including chromenes, carbazoles, cyclopentanones, 1, 2-dihydropyridines, α, β- unsaturated ketones, alcohols, allenes and many more. Synthesis of benzofurans via intramolecular cyclization of aryl propargyl ethers has become one of the most popular applications of theses versatile compounds. In this review we will highlight the recent discoveries and advances in this interesting research arena. Method: The review is divided into two major sections. The first will discuss cyclization of ortho-halo aryl propargylic ethers, while the second focuses exclusively on cyclization of ortho-unsubstituted aryl propargyl ethers. It is should be mentioned that special emphasis is placed on the mechanistic aspects of these reactions. Conclusion: Synthesis of benzofuran derivatives via intramolecular cyclization of corresponding aryl propargyl ethers have witnessed rapid and comprehensive development in recent years. The main advantages of this synthetic strategy include the use of simple, inexpensive, non-toxic, and readily accessible starting materials, and its pot, atom, and step economy.

Facile Synthesis of Pentamethylcyclopentadienyl Ruthenium Half-Sandwich Complexes by Naphthalene Displacement

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Stone ◽  
David Jago ◽  
Alexandre Sobolev ◽  
Mark Spackman ◽  
George Koutsantonis
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystal ◽  
Organometallic Chemistry ◽  
Synthetic Methods ◽  
Sandwich Complexes ◽  
Facile Synthesis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Structure Determinations ◽  
Half Sandwich

Ruthenium half-sandwich complexes are central in a wide range of diverse applications in the field of organometallic chemistry. As such, exploration of their preparation and reactivity is crucial for development of their chemistry. Herein, we present alternative synthetic methods for the preparation of Cp*Ru(dppm)Cl, Cp*Ru(dppe)Cl, Cp*Ru(dppf)Cl, [Cp*Ru(COD)(MeCN)]BF4, and [Cp*Ru(bpy)(MeCN)]BF4 (dppm = 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)methane; dppe = 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino) ethane; dppf = 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene; COD = 1,5-cyclooctadiene; bpy= 2,2′-bipyridine), starting from the easily accessible [Cp*Ru(η6-C10H8)]BF4. The single-crystal X-ray structure determinations for [Cp*Ru(COD)(MeCN)]BF4, and [Cp*Ru(bpy)(MeCN)]BF4 are also presented.

Lawsone (2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthaquinone) derived anticancer agents

2022 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arvind Singh ◽  
Amartya Basu ◽  
Aditi Sharma ◽  
Anu Priya ◽  
Manmmet Kaur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Synthetic Methods ◽  
Lawsonia Inermis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Tree Leaf

Abstract 2-Hydroxy-1,4-naphthaquinone, commonly known as lawsone, represents an extremely important biologically active naturally occurring compound. It can easily be isolated from Lawsonia inermis (henna) tree leaf extract. Last decade has seen tremendous applications of lawsone as a starting component for the preparation of various organic scaffolds. Many of these synthesized scaffolds showed a wide range of biological activities including potential activities towards several cancer cell lines. This review deals with diverse synthetic methods of lawsone derived scaffolds and their screening against different anti-cancer cell lines along with promising results.

Aspergillus sydowii Strain SCAU066 and Aspergillus versicolor Isolate BAB-6580: Potential Source of Xylanolytic, Cellulolytic and Amylolytic Enzymes

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Zaidah Zainal ariffin
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Enzymes ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Aspergillus Versicolor ◽  
Aspergillus Sydowii ◽  
Aspergillus Tamarii ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Amylolytic Enzymes ◽  
Potato Dextrose Broth ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

Fungi is known to produce a wide range of biologically active metabolites and enzymes. Enzymes produced by fungi are utilized in food and pharmaceutical industries because of their rich enzymatic profile. Filamentous fungi are particularly interesting due to their high production of extracellular enzymes which has a large industrial potential. The aim of this study is to isolate potential soil fungi species that are able to produce functional enzymes for industries. Five Aspergillus species were successfully isolated from antibiotic overexposed soil (GPS coordinate of N3.093219 E101.40269) by standard microbiological method. The isolated fungi were identified via morphological observations and molecular tools; polymerase chain reactions, ITS 1 (5’- TCC GTA GGT GAA CCT GCG G3’) forward primer and ITS 4 (5’-TCC TCC GCT TAT TGA TAT GC-3’) reverse primer. The isolated fungi were identified as Aspergillus sydowii strain SCAU066, Aspergillus tamarii isolate TN-7, Aspergillus candidus strain KUFA 0062, Aspergillus versicolor isolate BAB-6580, and Aspergillus protuberus strain KAS 6024. Supernatant obtained via submerged fermentation of the isolated fungi in potato dextrose broth (PDB) and extracted via centrifugation was loaded onto specific media to screen for the production of xylanolytic, cellulolytic and amylolytic enzymes. The present findings indicate that Aspergillus sydowii strain SCAU066 and Aspergillus versicolor isolate BAB-6580 have great potential as an alternative source of xylanolytic, cellulolytic and amylolytic enzymes.

Double Ring-Closing Approach for the Synthesis of 2,3,6,7-Substituted Anthracene Derivatives

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birgit Meindl ◽  
Katharina Pfennigbauer ◽  
Berthold Stöger ◽  
Martin Heeney ◽  
Florian Glöcklhofer
Keyword(s):  
Wittig Reaction ◽  
Condensation Reaction ◽  
Synthetic Methods ◽  
Anthracene Derivative ◽  
Double Ring ◽  
Mild Conditions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anthracene Derivatives

Anthracene derivatives have been used for a wide range of applications and many different synthetic methods for their preparation have been developed. However, despite continued synthetic efforts, introducing substituents in some positions has remained difficult. Here we present a method for the synthesis of 2,3,6,7-substituted anthracene derivatives, one of the most challenging anthracene substitution patterns to obtain. The method is exemplified by the preparation of 2,3,6,7-anthracenetetracarbonitrile and employs a newly developed, stable protected 1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarbaldehyde as the precursor. The precursor can be obtained in two scalable synthetic steps from 2,5-dibromoterephthalaldehyde and is converted into the anthracene derivative by a double intermolecular Wittig reaction under very mild conditions followed by a deprotection and intramolecular double ring-closing condensation reaction. Further modification of the precursor is expected to enable the introduction of additional substituents in other positions and may even enable the synthesis of fully substituted anthracene derivatives by the presented approach.<br>

Facile Synthesis of a Diverse Library of Mono-3-substituted β-Cyclodextrin Analogues

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Kellett ◽  
Brendan M. Duggan ◽  
Michael Gilson
Keyword(s):  
High Yield ◽  
Facile Synthesis ◽  
Wide Range

We have described simple, high-yield, protocols, which require only commonly accessible equipment, to synthesize a wide range of β-CD derivatives mono-substituted at the secondary face. These derivatives may be useful in their own right, and they are also scaffolds for further modification, and examples of the far broader array of derivatives that may be accessed by these procedures.

Synthesis of Elaborate Benzofuran-2-Carboxamide Derivatives Through a Combination of 8-Aminoquinoline Directed C–H Arylations and Transamidations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Oschmann ◽  
Linus Johansson Holm ◽  
Oscar Verho
Keyword(s):  
Small Molecule ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Synthetic Strategy ◽  
Small Molecule Screening ◽  
Physiological Properties ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Directing Group ◽  
Synthetic Sequence

Benzofurans are everywhere in nature and they have been extensively studied by medicinal chemists over the years because of their chemotherapeutic and physiological properties. Herein, we describe a strategy that can be used to access elaborate benzo-2-carboxamide derivatives, which involves a synthetic sequence of 8-aminoquinoline directed C–H arylations followed by transamidations. For the directed C–H arylations, Pd catalysis was used to install a wide range of aryl and heteroaryl substituents at the C3 position of the benzofuran scaffold in high efficiency. Directing group cleavage and further diversification of the C3-arylated benzofuran products were then achieved in a single synthetic operation through the utilization of a two-step transamidation protocol. By bocylating the 8-aminoquinoline amide moiety of these products, it proved possible to activate them towards aminolysis with different amine nucleophiles. Interestingly, this aminolysis reaction was found to proceed efficiently without the need of any additional catalyst or additive. Given the high efficiency and modularity of this synthetic strategy, it constitute a very attractive approach for generating structurally-diverse collections of benzofuran derivatives for small molecule screening.

The content of decenoic acids in drone brood preparations and combined preparations based on it

Biomics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-393
Author(s):  
D.V. Mitrofanov ◽  
N.V. Budnikova
Keyword(s):  
Royal Jelly ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Strict Adherence ◽  
Drone Brood ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Melanin Complex

The drone brood contains a large number of substances with antioxidant activity. These substances require stabilization and strict adherence to storage conditions. Among these substances are unique decenoic acids, the content of which is an indicator of the quality of drone brood and products based on it. The ability of drone brood to reduce the manifestations of oxidative stress is shown. There are dietary supplements for food and drugs based on drone brood, which are used for a wide range of diseases. Together with drone brood, chitosan-containing products, propolis, royal jelly can be used. They enrich the composition with their own biologically active substances and affect the preservation of the biologically active substances of the drone brood. Promising are the products containing, in addition to the drone brood, a chitin-chitosan-melanin complex from bees, propolis, royal jelly. The chitin-chitosan-melanin complex in the amount of 5% in the composition of the adsorbent practically does not affect the preservation of decenic acids, while in the amount of 2% and 10% it somewhat worsens. The acid-soluble and water-soluble chitosan of marine crustaceans significantly worsens the preservation of decenoic acids in the product. Drone brood with royal jelly demonstrates a rather high content of decenoic acids. When propolis is introduced into the composition of the product, the content of decenoic acids increases according to the content of propolis.

Privileged Structures in the Design of Potential Drug Candidates for Neglected Diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (23) ◽  
pp. 4323-4354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Cristina Lima Leite ◽  
José Wanderlan Pontes Espíndola ◽  
Marcos Veríssimo de Oliveira Cardoso ◽  
Gevanio Bezerra de Oliveira Filho
Keyword(s):  
Biologically Active ◽  
Neglected Diseases ◽  
Financial Return ◽  
Drug Candidates ◽  
Lead Compounds ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Methods Of Synthesis ◽  
Current Therapies ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Privileged Structures

Background: Privileged motifs are recurring in a wide range of biologically active compounds that reach different pharmaceutical targets and pathways and could represent a suitable start point to access potential candidates in the neglected diseases field. The current therapies to treat these diseases are based in drugs that lack of the desired effectiveness, affordable methods of synthesis and allow a way to emergence of resistant strains. Due the lack of financial return, only few pharmaceutical companies have been investing in research for new therapeutics for neglected diseases (ND). Methods: Based on the literature search from 2002 to 2016, we discuss how six privileged motifs, focusing phthalimide, isatin, indole, thiosemicarbazone, thiazole, and thiazolidinone are particularly recurrent in compounds active against some of neglected diseases. Results: It was observed that attention was paid particularly for Chagas disease, malaria, tuberculosis, schistosomiasis, leishmaniasis, dengue, African sleeping sickness (Human African Trypanosomiasis - HAT) and toxoplasmosis. It was possible to verify that, among the ND, antitrypanosomal and antiplasmodial activities were between the most searched. Besides, thiosemicarbazone moiety seems to be the most versatile and frequently explored scaffold. As well, phthalimide, isatin, thiazole, and thiazolidone nucleus have been also explored in the ND field. Conclusion: Some described compounds, appear to be promising drug candidates, while others could represent a valuable inspiration in the research for new lead compounds.

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