Simultaneous Measurement of 59Fe and 51Cr in Iron Absorption Studies Using a Whole-Body Scanner with Mobile Shielding

1980 ◽  
Vol 19 (03) ◽  
pp. 140-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bep van den Beld ◽  
R. van Dongen ◽  
L.H. Strackee ◽  
J.J. M. Marx
Keyword(s):  
Iron Absorption ◽  
Background Radiation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Absorption Studies ◽  
Isotope Technique ◽  
Iron Retention ◽  
Body Scanner ◽  
Mucosal Uptake ◽  
Double Isotope

SummaryA whole-body scanner is described with a mobile shadow shield which affords a considerable reduction in space. The scanner has two Nal(Tl) scintillation crystals of 4 x 6", placed at opposite sites of the subject. Background radiation, efficiency and geometric qualities made the scanner very useful for clinical whole-body counting. The equipment was used in iron absorption studies using a double isotope technique with 59Fe and 51Cr. After ingestion of an oral test dose total body kinetics of 59Fe and 51Cr was followed up to 60 days in 4 volunteers. Between days 3 and 10 the 51Cr, which was used as an non-absorbable indicator, had left the body completely. The 59Fe reached a constant value not before day 10, indicating that iron retention cannot be measured before that time. From repeated measurement of 59Fe and 5lCr directly after ingestion until the first defaecation it could be deduced that the coefficient of variation for 59Fe was less than 1.5% with a scanning time of 600 sec, and for 51Cr less than 5%. Extreme variations in geometry, such as measurement of the activity in a beaker and of the same amount after ingestion in the body, yielded practically the same value for 59Fe. The double isotope technique made it possible to measure not only iron retention but also mucosal uptake and mucosal transfer of iron. It is pointed out that measurement of the last two parameters of iron absorption is not possible in patients with serious obstipation or with very low mucosal uptake values.

scholarly journals Brief Note: A Note Concerning the "100 Per Cent Value" in Iron Absorption Studies by Whole Body Counting

Blood ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 757-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
LEWIS M. SCHIFFER ◽  
D. C. PRICE ◽  
J. CUTTNER ◽  
S. H. COHN ◽  
EUGENE P. CRONKITE
Keyword(s):  
Iron Absorption ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Counter ◽  
Whole Body Counter ◽  
Absorption Studies ◽  
Body Counting ◽  
Whole Body Counting ◽  
Body Count

Abstract The 4-hour whole body count is found to be clinically valid as a "100 per cent value" in iron absorption studies performed with a whole body counter. Measurement of iron absorption can be made 2 weeks after ingestion of radioiron, but not prior to this period.

scholarly journals RADIOACTIVE IRON ABSORPTION IN CLINICAL CONDITIONS: NORMAL, PREGNANCY, ANEMIA, AND HEMOCHROMATOSIS

1942 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. M. Balfour ◽  
P. F. Hahn ◽  
W. F. Bale ◽  
W. T. Pommerenke ◽  
G. H. Whipple
Keyword(s):  
Iron Absorption ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
Red Marrow ◽  
Absorption Studies ◽  
Normal Absorption ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Clinical Conditions

Radio iron is a tool which makes iron absorption studies quite accurate in dogs and reasonably satisfactory in human beings. This method is vastly superior to others previously used. Normal human pregnancy without significant anemia may show active radio iron absorption—16 to 27 per cent of iron intake. The pregnant woman as a rule shows 2 to 10 times the normal absorption of radio iron. Diseased states in which iron stores are known to be very abundant—pernicious anemia, hemochromatosis, familial icterus, and Mediterranean anemia —show very little absorption, probably less than normal. This is in spite of a severe anemia in all conditions except hemochromatosis. Chronic infections in spite of anemia show no utilization of radio iron, whether it may be absorbed or not. Leukemia shows little utilization of radio iron in red cells in spite of absorption (autopsy), probably because of white cells choking the red marrow. Polycythemia shows very low values for iron absorption as do normal persons. Two pregnant women showed only normal iron absorption. We believe that reserve stores of iron in the body, rather than anemia, control iron absorption. This control is exerted upon the gastro-intestinal mucosa which can refuse or accept iron under various conditions.

scholarly journals In vivo mucosal uptake, mucosal transfer and retention of iron in mice

1997 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 264-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Santos ◽  
K. J. H. Wienk ◽  
M. W. Schilham ◽  
H. Clevers ◽  
M. de Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Absorption ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Test Dose ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Whole Body Counter ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Transfer And Retention ◽  
Iron Retention

An improved and sensitive method for studying iron absorption in mice with alterations in body iron stores is described. Mice with varying iron status were given a double isotope-labelled test dose containing 59Fe and 51Cr as a non-absorbable indicator, via an oroesophageal needle. Using a whole-body counter it was possible to measure in vivo the initial mucosal iron uptake and long-term iron retention and to calculate mucosal iron transfer. A significant difference was demonstrated between normal and both anaemic and dietary iron-loaded mice with regard to the various steps of iron absorption. When mice were tested twice for iron absorption, the results were highly reproducible. In conjunction with other parameters, the method described is useful in studying the mechanism and the regulation of iron absorption in mice.

Iron Absorption in Chronic Renal Disease

1970 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Eschbach ◽  
J. D. Cook ◽  
C. A. Finch
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
Iron Overload ◽  
Iron Absorption ◽  
Chronic Renal Disease ◽  
Iron Depletion ◽  
Isotope Technique ◽  
Double Isotope

1. Absorption of inorganic iron was studied in thirty-four patients with chronic renal failure by a double isotope technique. 2. Eight patients with normal iron balance had a mean absorption of 3·5%, ten patients with iron overload had a mean absorption of 3·6%, and sixteen patients with iron depletion had a mean absorption of 58%. Thus, alterations in absorption appeared to be related to disturbances in iron balance. 3. The rate of erythropoiesis had no evident effect on iron absorption nor did the degree of anaemia. 4. The presence of renal disease and the degree of azotaemia likewise did not appear to affect absorption.

scholarly journals Probiotic strainLactobacillus plantarum299v increases iron absorption from an iron-supplemented fruit drink: a double-isotope cross-over single-blind study in women of reproductive age

2015 ◽  
Vol 114 (8) ◽  
pp. 1195-1202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Hoppe ◽  
Gunilla Önning ◽  
Anna Berggren ◽  
Lena Hulthén
Keyword(s):  
Iron Absorption ◽  
Iron Bioavailability ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Body Counting ◽  
Fruit Drink ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Single Blind ◽  
Double Isotope

Iron deficiency is common, especially among young women. Adding probiotics to foods could be one way to increase iron absorption. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that non-haem iron absorption from a fruit drink is improved by addingLactobacillus plantarum299v (Lp299v). Iron absorption was studied in healthy women of reproductive age using a single-blind cross-over design in two trials applying the double-isotope (55Fe and59Fe) technique. In Trial 1, iron absorption from a fruit drink containing 109colony-forming units (CFU) Lp299v was compared with that from a control drink without Lp299v. Trial 2 had the same design but 1010CFU were used. The test and control drinks contained approximately 5 mg of iron as ferrous lactate and were labelled with59Fe (B) and55Fe (A), respectively, and consumed on 4 consecutive days in the order AABB. Retention of the isotopes was measured with whole-body counting and in blood. Mean iron absorption from the drink containing 109CFU Lp299v (28·6(sd12·5) %) was significantly higher than from the control drink (18·5(sd5·8) %),n10,P<0·028). The fruit drink with 1010CFU Lp299v gave a mean iron absorption of 29·1(sd17·0) %, whereas the control drink gave an absorption of (20·1(sd6·4) %) (n11,P<0·080). The difference in iron absorption between the 109CFU Lp299v and the 1010CFU Lp299v drinks was not significant (P=0·941). In conclusion, intake of probiotics can increase iron absorption by approximately 50 % from a fruit drink having an already relatively high iron bioavailability.

scholarly journals Normal iron absorption and decreased red cell iron uptake in the aged

Blood ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
JJ Marx
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Uptake ◽  
Iron Absorption ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Old Patients ◽  
Transfer And Retention ◽  
Aged Subjects ◽  
Mucosal Uptake

Abstract Absorption of iron was studied with a double-isotope technique that allowed differentiation between “mucosal uptake,” “mucosal transfer,” and ultimate “retention” of iron. A physiologic dose of ferrous sulfate was administered to 25 healthy young adults, 40 active aged persons, and 20 patients with uncomplicated iron deficiency. Radioactivity was measured with a whole-body scanner. Iron absorption values were not decreased in aged subjects compared to young adults. Mucosal uptake, mucosal transfer, and retention of iron were equally increased in both young and old patients with iron deficiency. In 12 young adults and 33 aged persons red cell iron uptake was studied in addition to iron absorption. Young adults utilized 91% of the retained, orally administered iron and the aged only 66%. An increase in ineffective erythropoiesis in old age is suggested.

scholarly journals Dietary ascorbic acid raises iron absorption in anaemic rats through enhancing mucosal iron uptake independent of iron solubility in the digesta

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. H. Wienk ◽  
J. J. M. Marx ◽  
M. Santos ◽  
A. G. Lemmens ◽  
E. J. Brink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Iron Uptake ◽  
Iron Absorption ◽  
Iron Solubility ◽  
Fe Uptake ◽  
Isotope Technique ◽  
Proximal Intestine ◽  
Liquid And Solid Phases ◽  
Double Isotope

We studied Fe absorption from FeSO4 in rats with Fe deficiency-induced anaemia that were given an Fe-sufficient purified diet without or with ascorbic acid (10·4 g/kg diet). Attention was focused on mucosal Fe uptake as measured in vivo by a double-isotope technique. Haemoglobin repletion and liver Fe levels were not affected when the ascorbic acid-supplemented diet was given, but apparent Fe absorption and retention of orally administered 59Fe were significantly enhanced. The distribution of Fe between liquid and solid phases of contents of both the stomach and the proximal intestine was not affected by the feeding of the ascorbic acid, but ascorbic acid significantly enhanced mucosal Fe uptake. It is concluded that ascorbic acid in the diet raises mucosal Fe uptake through a mechanism independent of the intestinal Fe solubility.

Role of hydrochloric acid in iron absorption

1964 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Jacobs ◽  
Thomas Bothwell ◽  
Robert W. Charlton
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Pernicious Anemia ◽  
Iron Absorption ◽  
Gastric Ph ◽  
Ferrous Ascorbate ◽  
Isotope Technique ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Double Isotope

The absorption of 5 mg iron administered in 300 ml water was compared with absorption from 300 ml 0.05 n HCL in 24 subjects with histamine-fast achlorhydria, using a double isotope technique. In ten individuals given ferric chloride the mean absorptions were 2.2% with water and 9.2% in acid; the difference was less marked in the case of the seven subjects to whom ferrous ascorbate was administered (10.9% and 19.3%, respectively). In contrast, acid did not increase the absorption of hemoglobin iron, the mean figures being 13.4% with water and 9.6% with HCL. pernicious anemia; achlorhydria; gastric pH Fe55 and Fe59; radioactive hemoglobin iron Submitted on June 17, 1963

A Double Isotope Technique for Estimating Insulin Degradation in Vivo

1974 ◽  
Vol 13 (01) ◽  
pp. 85-97
Author(s):  
F. Ritzl ◽  
L. E. Feinendegen ◽  
H. G. Schnippering
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Isotopic Ratio ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
The Body ◽  
Autoimmune Response ◽  
Clinical Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Degradation ◽  
Isotope Technique ◽  
Double Isotope

Summary1) A double isotope technique is described which permits measuring by external counting the catabolism of insulin in the human liver. 131I-insulin is used together with 51Cr-insulin as internal standard. Following catabolism of the labeled insulins 131I migrates into the iodine pool of the body whereas 51Cr remains at the site of insulin breakdown. Therefore, site and rate of insulin catabolism can be recognized from the change in the isotopic ratio 131I/51Cr.2) In the livers of 3 normal individuals, insulin half-lives of 58, 95, and 92.5 minutes were measured. In 3 patients with sub-clinical diabetes mellitus, insulin half-lives were 124.5 minutes, 127 minutes, and 99.5 minutes. One patient with clinical diabetes showed an insulin half-life of only 47.8 minutes; a second patient with clinical diabetes mellitus due to autoimmune response leading to large amounts of insulin antibody in his peripheral blood, showed an insulin half-life greatly prolonged to 972 minutes.3) The 51Cr-labeled insulin was indistinguishable from 125I-labeled insulin in the immunoassay, in molecular size, in diffusion rate in tissues, absorption to subcellular particles, and rate of hydrolysis in liver homogenates in vitro.

scholarly journals The Gastrointestinal Tract and Iron Absorption

Blood ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 416-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
MUNSEY S. WHEBY ◽  
WILLIAM H. CROSBY ◽  
Betty Merrill ◽  
Natalie Lawson
Keyword(s):  
Iron Absorption ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Gradual Loss ◽  
Iron Deficient ◽  
Body Counting ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Whole Body Counting ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Mucosal Uptake

Abstract 1. Using Fe59 and whole body counting, various aspects of gastrointestinal absorption of iron salts were studied in normal, iron-loaded, and iron-deficient rats. 2. Following a single intragastric dose of iron, peak small intestinal uptake was observed by 30 to 60 minutes with subsequent gradual loss over 24-hour period. 3. Iron absorption showed two phases, an initial period of rapid absorption lasting up to 2 hours during which 60 to 80 per cent of total absorption into carcass took place. The remainder took place at a slow rate over the subsequent 12 to 20 hours. 4. Depending on the relationship between body iron stores and dose of administered iron, the intestine may take up more iron than is ultimately transferred to plasma. A variable amount of this iron is lost when the epithelial cell is sloughed into the gastrointestinal lumen. 5. Regulation of iron absorption appears to involve two steps, mucosal uptake and transfer to the blood.

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