Radioimmunszintigraphie mit SPECT: Methodik, Probleme und klinische Erfahrungen

1987 ◽  
Vol 26 (05) ◽  
pp. 202-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Fass ◽  
S. Truong ◽  
U. Büll ◽  
V. Schumpelick ◽  
R. Bares
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
The Other ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Blood Clearance ◽  
Planar Scintigraphy ◽  
Gastrointestinal Carcinomas ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Body Retention ◽  
Klinische Erfahrungen

Radioimmunoscintigraphy (RIS) with 111ln- and 131 I-labelled monoclonal anti bodies (MAbs) against CEA and/or CA 19-9 was performed in 83 patients with various gastrointestinal carcinomas. A total of 276 body regions could be examined. The results of planar scintigraphy and SPECT were compared intraindividually. Using 111 In-labelled MAbs the sensitivity of RIS was significantly improved by SPECT (88.9 vs. 52.4% with planar scintigraphy, p <0.01). For131 l-labelled MAbs the effect was smaller (83.9 vs. 65.6% with planar scintigraphy, n.s.). This finding can be explained by different kinetics and biodistribution of the used MAb preparations.111 In-labelled MAbs with long whole-body retention and rapid blood clearance reveal ideal qualities for SPECT; on the other hand, the short whole-body retention of131 l-labelled MAbs leads to small count rates and therefore long counting times that make delayed SPECT unsuitable in clinical practice

scholarly journals Erythroderma caused by vancomycin in children: concentration and speed of infusion

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
José F. Luna Álvarez ◽  
Mónica Gómez Vázquez ◽  
Ana L. Moreno González ◽  
Aldo Melchor Hernández ◽  
Marco A. Escamilla-Acosta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Reaction ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
The Other ◽  
Paediatric Hospital ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Red Man Syndrome ◽  
Main Factors

Vancomycin is an antibiotic glycopeptide that was isolated of the Streptomyces orientalis. It was introduced in the clinical practice for treatment of infections caused by staphylococcus in which other antibiotics were proving to be ineffective. In this retrospective study, we determine its prescription, clinical characteristics as well as the factors that favor the apparition of the erythroderma or red-man syndrome in a paediatric hospital. Forty patients to which physicians administer vancomycin and presented erythroderma were evaluated. Male gender was more predominated, with a total of 25 cases (62.5 %). The average age was of 12 ± 6 years. We identified two main factors that are directly related to the appearance of erythroderma. On one hand, the "concentration of the drug", which is related to the dilution that it is realized when a dose of vancomycin is going to be administered to the patient and on the other hand the “time or speed of infusion”. In the present study, it was found a low incident of this adverse reaction and few cases of complications.

Distribution of Calcium and Phosphate in Cells of the Enamel Organ in the Rat Lower Incisor

1987 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Kawamoto ◽  
M. Shimizu
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Enamel Organ ◽  
Maturation Stage ◽  
Lower Incisor ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cell Layers

The distribution of calcium and phosphate in the cells of the enamel organ of the rat lower incisors was investigated by autoradiography and energy-dispersive x-ray spectrometry (EDS). Radioactive calcium or phosphate was injected i.p. into seven-day-old rats of the Wistar strain. The animals were frozen 0.5, 1, and 10 min after injection, and embedded in 5% carboxymethyl cellulose. Sagittal sections of 10 μm thickness were made in which the lower incisor was included as a part of the whole-body section. For autoradiography, the sections were freeze-dried and placed in contact with dry thin films prepared from autoradiographic emulsion. For EDS, sections were mounted on carbon stubs, freeze-dried, coated with carbon, and examined by EDS in a SEM. 45Ca and 32P autoradiograms showed that the radioactivity was located over the papillary layer cells adjacent to the secretory stage ameloblasts and was much higher here than in the ameloblastic layer. On the other hand, there was no significant difference between the amount of radioactivity of these two cell layers in the maturation stage, although higher radioactivity was detectable in the maturation stage enamel than in the secretory stage enamel. Pronounced Ka x-ray peaks were obtained for P, S, Cl, and K originating from the cells of the papillary and ameloblastic layers in the secretory stage, but only very low peaks were obtained for Ca. On the other hand, in addition to these elements, remarkably high Ca and Fe peaks could be detected in the ameloblastic layer of the maturation stage.

99mTc-Aprotinin: Comparison with 99mTc-DMSA in Normal and Diseased Kidneys

1984 ◽  
Vol 22 (01) ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
R. Saponaro ◽  
G. Villa ◽  
F. Lunghi ◽  
C. Aprile
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Kidney Failure ◽  
Clearance Rate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Blood Clearance ◽  
Liver Uptake ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Failure Correlation

SummaryAprotinin (A) and DMSA labelled with 99mTc were compared in patients with normal (NK, n = 12) and diseased kidneys (CRF, n = 13) by means of quantitative serial scans and measurements of blood clearance and urinary excretion. Serial scans only were obtained in additional 13 patients. Scan quality in the NK patients was essentially equal: faster blood clearances, reduced urinary excretions and higher fixations of A in the target compensated for the increased liver uptake. On the other hand, the scan quality in the CRF patients was definitely superior with A, allowing detection of residual functioning parenchyma also in severe kidney failure. Correlation between the net kidney uptake 6 hrs p.i. and the separate hippuran clearance rate was better with A than with DMSA, indicating the feasibility of A in evaluating relative renal function.

Pre- and post-conditioning of the heart: an overview of cardioprotective signaling pathways

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Coutinho de Miranda ◽  
Gabriela de Oliveira Faria ◽  
Milla Marques Hermidorff ◽  
Fernanda Cacilda dos Santos Silva ◽  
Leonardo Vinícius Monteiro de Assis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Exponential Growth ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Future

: Since the discovery of ischemic pre- and post-conditioning, more than 30 years ago, the knowledge about the mechanisms and signaling pathways involved in these processes has significantly increased. In clinical practice, on the other hand, such advancement has yet to be seen. This article provides an overview of ischemic pre-, post-, remote, and pharmacological conditioning related to the heart. In addition, we reviewed the cardioprotective signaling pathways and therapeutic agents involved in the above-mentioned processes, aiming to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the advancements in the field. The advancements made over the last decades cannot be ignored and with the exponential growth in techniques and applications. The future of pre- and post-conditioning is promising.

scholarly journals The Cost-Effective Laboratory: Implementation of Economic Evaluation of Laboratory Testing

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 238-242
Author(s):  
Natasa Bogavac-Stanojevic ◽  
Zorana Jelic-Ivanovic
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Laboratory Test ◽  
Laboratory Testing ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The Other ◽  
Total Hospital Cost ◽  
Other Hand

SummaryLaboratory testing as a part of laboratoryin vitrodiagnostic (IVD) has become required tool in clinical practice for diagnosing, monitoring and prognosis of diseases, as well as for prediction of treatment response. The number of IVD tests available in laboratory practice has increased over the past decades and is likely to further increase in the future. Consequently, there is growing concern about the overutilization of laboratory tests and rising costs for laboratory testing. It is estimated that IVD accounts for between 1.4 and 2.3% of total healthcare expenditure and less than 5% of total hospital cost (Lewin Group report). These costs are rather low when compared to pharmaceuticals and medical aids which account for 15 and 5%, respectively. On the other hand, IVD tests play an important role in clinical practice, as they influence from 60% to 70% of clinical decision-making. Unfortunately, constant increases in healthcare spending are not directly related to healthcare benefit. Since healthcare resources are limited, health payers are interested whether the benefits of IVD tests are actually worth their cost. Many articles have introduced frameworks to assess the economic value of IVD tests. The most appropriate tool for quantitative assessment of their economic value is cost-effectiveness (CEA) and cost-utility (CUA) analysis. The both analysis determine cost in terms of effectiveness or utilities (combine quantity and quality of life) of new laboratory test against its alternative. On the other hand, some investigators recommended calculation of laboratory test value as product of two ratios: Laboratory test value = (Technical accuracy/Turnaround time) × (Utility/Costs). Recently, some researches used multicriteria decision analysis which allows comparison of diagnostic strategies in terms of benefits, opportunities, costs and risks. All analyses are constructed to identify laboratory test that produce the greatest healthcare benefit with the resources available. Without solid evidence that certain laboratory tests are cost-effective, laboratory services cannot be improved. Consequently, simple policy measures such as cost cutting may be imposed upon many laboratories while patients will have limited access to laboratory service.

Rationale for Upper Limits of Electrolyte Replacement during Exercise

1992 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred Brouns ◽  
Wim Saris ◽  
Heinz Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Intake ◽  
The Other ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Plain Water ◽  
Sweat Loss ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Gastrointestinal Distress ◽  
Upper Limits ◽  
Electrolyte Replacement

The addition of carbohydrate and sodium to sport drinks has been recommended to enhance fluid intake and absorption and to delay fatigue. Other electrolytes (E) which are lost through sweating are also commonly added. However, too many E may lead to increased serum E and osmolality levels, which may negatively influence thermoregulation, depress sweating, and cause gastrointestinal distress. On the other hand, drinking large amounts of plain water to compensate sweat loss may induce hyponatremia. Therefore, literature describing sweat E losses was examined in order to estimate average whole-body E loss and to determine an upper limit for replacement of E with sport drinks. Mean E loss was determined from 13 studies, with +1SDresulting in a hypothetical range for E losses. Correction for net absorption resulted in an upper limit of electrolyte replacement. It is suggested that the E levels in sport rehydration drinks should not exceed the upper limit of the range given.

Influence of Nutritional Factors on 239Np and 233Pa Retention in Weanling Rats

1989 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 425-429
Author(s):  
B. Kargacin ◽  
V. Volf
Keyword(s):  
Apple Juice ◽  
The Other ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Single Administration ◽  
Nutritional Factors ◽  
Body Retention ◽  
Weanling Rats ◽  
Very High

The estimated intestinal absorption after a single administration of 239NR-nitrate to fasted weanling rats (about 2% of the oral dose) was ten times higher than that of 233Pa administered as the chloride. Rats drinking tomato juice, apple juice or tea instead of water had a similar retention to the control group. However, when a small amount of tea was administered immediately before 239Np, the absorption and retention values were six times lower. When animals received only milk or glucose, the whole body retention of 239Np and 233Pa increased about 20 and 200-300 times, respectively, due mainly to a very high retention in the large intestine. When rats were fed milk plus rat chow, the whole body and gut retention of 233Pa was only two and three times higher, respectively; in the other organs less 233Pa was found than in control animals. This indicates that the extremely high retention of radionuclides in the gut contents of young rats fed only milk is temporary and disappears when solid food is available.

scholarly journals Higher levels of salivary α-amylase predict failure of cessation efforts in male smokers

2010 ◽  
pp. 765-771 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Dušková ◽  
K Šimůnková ◽  
M Hill ◽  
H Hruškovičová ◽  
P Hoskovcová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
The Other ◽  
Active Smoking ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Study Support ◽  
Cortisol Levels

The ability to predict the success or failure of smoking cessation efforts will be useful for clinical practice. Stress response is regulated by two primary neuroendocrine systems. Salivary cortisol has been used as a marker for the hypothalamuspituitary-adrenocortical axis and salivary α-amylase as a marker for the sympathetic adrenomedullary system. We studied 62 chronic smokers (34 women and 28 men with an average age of 45.2±12.9 years). The levels of salivary cortisol and salivary α-amylase were measured during the period of active smoking, and 6 weeks and 24 weeks after quitting. We analyzed the men separately from the women. The men who were unsuccessful in cessation showed significantly higher levels of salivary α-amylase over the entire course of the cessation attempt. Before stopping smoking, salivary cortisol levels were higher among the men who were unsuccessful in smoking cessation. After quitting, there were no differences between this group and the men who were successful in cessation. In women we found no differences between groups of successful and unsuccessful ex-smokers during cessation. In conclusions, increased levels of salivary αamylase before and during smoking cessation may predict failure to quit in men. On the other hand, no advantage was found in predicting the failure to quit in women. The results of our study support previously described gender differences in smoking cessation.

A negative arterial-portal venous glucose gradient increases net hepatic glucose uptake in euglycemic dogs

1999 ◽  
Vol 277 (1) ◽  
pp. E126-E134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pietro Galassetti ◽  
Chang An Chu ◽  
Doss W. Neal ◽  
George W. Reed ◽  
David H. Wasserman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Glucose Infusion ◽  
The Other ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Hepatic Glucose ◽  
Hepatic Glucose Uptake ◽  
Venous Glucose

We investigated whether a negative arterial-portal venous (a-pv) glucose gradient, or “portal signal,” can increase net hepatic glucose uptake (NHGU) and decrease muscle glucose uptake at euglycemia as it does at hyperglycemia. Twenty 42-h fasted dogs were studied during a basal and two 120-min euglycemic periods ( period I and period II). Glucagon was maintained at basal levels, and insulin was raised 3-fold (3×Ins, n = 10) or 15-fold (15×Ins, n = 10). During period I, dogs received glucose only peripherally. During period II, one-half of the dogs continued the peripheral infusion; the other one-half received glucose intraportally (4 mg ⋅ kg−1⋅ min−1and reduced peripheral glucose infusion). A negative a-pv glucose gradient was present during intraportal glucose infusion. All 3×Ins and 15×Ins dogs had similar NHGU in period I. In period II, it was 2.1 ± 0.3 (3×Ins) and 2.5 (15×Ins) mg ⋅ kg−1⋅ min−1greater in the presence than in the absence of the portal signal ( P < 0.001). The net glucose fractional extraction data paralleled NHGU. In 3×Ins, but not in 15×Ins, whole body nonhepatic glucose uptake was lower in the presence of the portal signal than in its absence. In conclusion, in hyperinsulinemic, but not hyperglycemic conditions, the portal signal is effective in activating NHGU. The inhibition of nonhepatic glucose uptake, on the other hand, is minimal under euglycemic as opposed to hyperglycemic conditions.

Entre Filosofia e Medicina

1998 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 63-85
Author(s):  
António Pedro Mesquita ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Empirical Methods ◽  
General Survey ◽  
Ancient Medicine ◽  
The Real ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

Any analysis of the Hippocratic anthropology must begin by taking a stand on two quite different issues. On the one hand, it must ascertain a precise and definite meaning of the word ‘Hippocratic’ in such a context, considering the historical problems surrounding the 'real' Hippocrates and the doctrinal heterogeneity of the Hippocratic collection. On the other hand, it must justify the very possibility of an anthropology within the Hippocratic tradition, by accommodating it with the obvious animadversion that its most representative works show towards any philosophical or speculative inquiry. The first problem can be solved by purely historical means, viz. by restricting the object of analysis to the texts that admittedly represent the views of the Hippocratic school. Not so with the second one, which constitutes the truesignificant problem from a philosophical point of view and with which the present article is therefore concerned. After discussing the texts where the question on the nature of man is posed (Ancient Medicine XX, On the Nature of Man I-IV), a general survey of the Hippocratic conception of the theoretical and scientific foundations of clinical practice is given, in order to understand the Statement according to which it is to medicine, and not to philosophy, that an answer to such a question truly belongs. From such a survey a thesis arises: that, according to the Hippocratic perspective, the appropriate answer to the question on the nature of man is not the one that seeks to determine what man is, even by means of the empirical methods of medicine, but the one that reshapes the question itself, thereby replacing the philosophical focus on the knowing of man, for the sake of knowledge, by the clinical focus on the caring of man, for the sake of man himself.

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