scholarly journals Higher levels of salivary α-amylase predict failure of cessation efforts in male smokers

2010 ◽  
pp. 765-771 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Dušková ◽  
K Šimůnková ◽  
M Hill ◽  
H Hruškovičová ◽  
P Hoskovcová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
The Other ◽  
Active Smoking ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Study Support ◽  
Cortisol Levels

The ability to predict the success or failure of smoking cessation efforts will be useful for clinical practice. Stress response is regulated by two primary neuroendocrine systems. Salivary cortisol has been used as a marker for the hypothalamuspituitary-adrenocortical axis and salivary α-amylase as a marker for the sympathetic adrenomedullary system. We studied 62 chronic smokers (34 women and 28 men with an average age of 45.2±12.9 years). The levels of salivary cortisol and salivary α-amylase were measured during the period of active smoking, and 6 weeks and 24 weeks after quitting. We analyzed the men separately from the women. The men who were unsuccessful in cessation showed significantly higher levels of salivary α-amylase over the entire course of the cessation attempt. Before stopping smoking, salivary cortisol levels were higher among the men who were unsuccessful in smoking cessation. After quitting, there were no differences between this group and the men who were successful in cessation. In women we found no differences between groups of successful and unsuccessful ex-smokers during cessation. In conclusions, increased levels of salivary αamylase before and during smoking cessation may predict failure to quit in men. On the other hand, no advantage was found in predicting the failure to quit in women. The results of our study support previously described gender differences in smoking cessation.

Radioimmunszintigraphie mit SPECT: Methodik, Probleme und klinische Erfahrungen

1987 ◽  
Vol 26 (05) ◽  
pp. 202-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Fass ◽  
S. Truong ◽  
U. Büll ◽  
V. Schumpelick ◽  
R. Bares
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
The Other ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Blood Clearance ◽  
Planar Scintigraphy ◽  
Gastrointestinal Carcinomas ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Body Retention ◽  
Klinische Erfahrungen

Radioimmunoscintigraphy (RIS) with 111ln- and 131 I-labelled monoclonal anti bodies (MAbs) against CEA and/or CA 19-9 was performed in 83 patients with various gastrointestinal carcinomas. A total of 276 body regions could be examined. The results of planar scintigraphy and SPECT were compared intraindividually. Using 111 In-labelled MAbs the sensitivity of RIS was significantly improved by SPECT (88.9 vs. 52.4% with planar scintigraphy, p <0.01). For131 l-labelled MAbs the effect was smaller (83.9 vs. 65.6% with planar scintigraphy, n.s.). This finding can be explained by different kinetics and biodistribution of the used MAb preparations.111 In-labelled MAbs with long whole-body retention and rapid blood clearance reveal ideal qualities for SPECT; on the other hand, the short whole-body retention of131 l-labelled MAbs leads to small count rates and therefore long counting times that make delayed SPECT unsuitable in clinical practice

scholarly journals Decreased ligand affinity rather than glucocorticoid receptor down-regulation in patients with endogenous Cushing's syndrome

2000 ◽  
pp. 472-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
NA Huizenga ◽  
WW De Herder ◽  
JW Koper ◽  
P de Lange ◽  
D AJ v Lely ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucocorticoid Receptor ◽  
Cushing’S Syndrome ◽  
Cushing's Syndrome ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Down Regulation ◽  
Ligand Affinity ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Receptor Number ◽  
Cortisol Levels

OBJECTIVE: Glucocorticoids (GCs) serve a variety of important functions throughout the body. The synthesis and secretion of GCs are under the strict influence of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis. The mechanisms of action of GCs are mediated by the intracellular glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Over the years, many studies have been performed concerning the regulation of GR expression by GC concentrations. METHODS: In the present study, we determined the characteristics of the GR in peripheral mononuclear blood leukocytes (PBML) from thirteen patients with endogenous Cushing's syndrome and fifteen control subjects, using a whole cell dexamethasone binding assay. Furthermore, cortisol concentrations were determined in order to investigate a possible relationship between serum cortisol levels and receptor characteristics. RESULTS: There were no differences in mean receptor number between patients and controls. On the other hand, a significantly lower ligand affinity was identified in cells from patients with Cushing's syndrome compared with controls. A complete normalisation of the ligand affinity was observed after treatment in the only patient tested in this respect, whereas the receptor number was not affected. In patients, there was a statistically significant negative correlation between cortisol concentrations and ligand affinity, which was not found in controls. CONCLUSION: Receptor down-regulation does not occur in PBML from patients with endogenous Cushing's syndrome. On the other hand, there seems to be a diminished ligand affinity which possibly reflects receptor modification in response to exposure to the continuously high cortisol levels in patients with Cushing's syndrome. This assumption is substantiated by the fact that in one patient a normalisation of the ligand affinity after complete remission of the disease was seen.

Stress response of cougars to nonlethal pursuit by hunters

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry J. Harlow ◽  
Frederick G. Lindzey ◽  
Walter D. Van Sickle ◽  
William A. Gern
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Physiological Response ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ◽  
The Other ◽  
Response Test ◽  
Felis Concolor ◽  
Adrenal Response ◽  
Cortisol Levels

Five cougars (Felis concolor) were captured and an adrenal response test was administered by injecting synthetic adrenocorticotropic hormone and monitoring plasma cortisol levels at 15-min intervals for 120 min. Three were selected for treatment and chased 5 or 6 more times to simulate the stress they might experience during a pursuit-only season; the other two served as controls and were chased only once more, at recapture. The adrenal response test was administered again at recapture. The cougars in the treatment group had a lowered plasma cortisol profile after the simulated pursuit season, indicating an altered physiological response of the adrenals to the stress of repeated chases.

scholarly journals Erythroderma caused by vancomycin in children: concentration and speed of infusion

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
José F. Luna Álvarez ◽  
Mónica Gómez Vázquez ◽  
Ana L. Moreno González ◽  
Aldo Melchor Hernández ◽  
Marco A. Escamilla-Acosta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Reaction ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
The Other ◽  
Paediatric Hospital ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Red Man Syndrome ◽  
Main Factors

Vancomycin is an antibiotic glycopeptide that was isolated of the Streptomyces orientalis. It was introduced in the clinical practice for treatment of infections caused by staphylococcus in which other antibiotics were proving to be ineffective. In this retrospective study, we determine its prescription, clinical characteristics as well as the factors that favor the apparition of the erythroderma or red-man syndrome in a paediatric hospital. Forty patients to which physicians administer vancomycin and presented erythroderma were evaluated. Male gender was more predominated, with a total of 25 cases (62.5 %). The average age was of 12 ± 6 years. We identified two main factors that are directly related to the appearance of erythroderma. On one hand, the "concentration of the drug", which is related to the dilution that it is realized when a dose of vancomycin is going to be administered to the patient and on the other hand the “time or speed of infusion”. In the present study, it was found a low incident of this adverse reaction and few cases of complications.

Pre- and post-conditioning of the heart: an overview of cardioprotective signaling pathways

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Coutinho de Miranda ◽  
Gabriela de Oliveira Faria ◽  
Milla Marques Hermidorff ◽  
Fernanda Cacilda dos Santos Silva ◽  
Leonardo Vinícius Monteiro de Assis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Exponential Growth ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Future

: Since the discovery of ischemic pre- and post-conditioning, more than 30 years ago, the knowledge about the mechanisms and signaling pathways involved in these processes has significantly increased. In clinical practice, on the other hand, such advancement has yet to be seen. This article provides an overview of ischemic pre-, post-, remote, and pharmacological conditioning related to the heart. In addition, we reviewed the cardioprotective signaling pathways and therapeutic agents involved in the above-mentioned processes, aiming to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the advancements in the field. The advancements made over the last decades cannot be ignored and with the exponential growth in techniques and applications. The future of pre- and post-conditioning is promising.

scholarly journals Study of the Motivation of Spanish Amateur Runners Based on Training Patterns and Gender

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (21) ◽  
pp. 8185
Author(s):  
David Manzano-Sánchez ◽  
Lucas Postigo-Pérez ◽  
Manuel Gómez-López ◽  
Alfonso Valero-Valenzuela
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Goal Orientation ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Training Pattern ◽  
High Intensity Training ◽  
Task Goal ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Intensity Training

The objectives of the present study are to analyze the different training patterns of the amateur runners, according to their gender, and to find out a correlation between the training pattern and the motivation. The sample was composed of 457 amateur runners. For the collection of data, a two-part questionnaire was used. The first part consisted of questions about sporting and healthy patterns and the second part consisted of the Perception of Success Questionnaire (POSQ), adapted to Spanish. The obtained results indicated that their motives for starting to practice running and to continue their involvement are health and fun. The training pattern is as follows: they practise one to three days per week, running from three to five hours overall plus additional stretching and high intensity training. They participated in less than one running event per month. Most of them did not belong to an athletic club, did not have a coach, were not federated and have more than four years’ experience of running. What concerns the gender differences, the men trained more than the women, and they did it with relatives and friends; women preferred to do it with friends or by themselves with the assistance of a coach. Age and running hours per week were the best variables to predict the task goal orientation, especially for men. For women, training hours per week predicted the goal orientation but to the ego. This finding could be especially helpful for coaches. A high number of training hours for men was linked with a task goal orientation, and on the other hand, for women it meant an ego goal orientation. The consequences of their behaviours were likely to be markedly different.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial Homeostasis and Cellular Senescence

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panagiotis Vasileiou ◽  
Konstantinos Evangelou ◽  
Konstantinos Vlasis ◽  
Georgios Fildisis ◽  
Mihalis Panayiotidis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽  
Cellular Senescence ◽  
Mitochondrial Biogenesis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mitochondrial Homeostasis ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Homeostatic Mechanisms

Cellular senescence refers to a stress response aiming to preserve cellular and, therefore, organismal homeostasis. Importantly, deregulation of mitochondrial homeostatic mechanisms, manifested as impaired mitochondrial biogenesis, metabolism and dynamics, has emerged as a hallmark of cellular senescence. On the other hand, impaired mitostasis has been suggested to induce cellular senescence. This review aims to provide an overview of homeostatic mechanisms operating within mitochondria and a comprehensive insight into the interplay between cellular senescence and mitochondrial dysfunction.

scholarly journals The Cost-Effective Laboratory: Implementation of Economic Evaluation of Laboratory Testing

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 238-242
Author(s):  
Natasa Bogavac-Stanojevic ◽  
Zorana Jelic-Ivanovic
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Laboratory Test ◽  
Laboratory Testing ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The Other ◽  
Total Hospital Cost ◽  
Other Hand

SummaryLaboratory testing as a part of laboratoryin vitrodiagnostic (IVD) has become required tool in clinical practice for diagnosing, monitoring and prognosis of diseases, as well as for prediction of treatment response. The number of IVD tests available in laboratory practice has increased over the past decades and is likely to further increase in the future. Consequently, there is growing concern about the overutilization of laboratory tests and rising costs for laboratory testing. It is estimated that IVD accounts for between 1.4 and 2.3% of total healthcare expenditure and less than 5% of total hospital cost (Lewin Group report). These costs are rather low when compared to pharmaceuticals and medical aids which account for 15 and 5%, respectively. On the other hand, IVD tests play an important role in clinical practice, as they influence from 60% to 70% of clinical decision-making. Unfortunately, constant increases in healthcare spending are not directly related to healthcare benefit. Since healthcare resources are limited, health payers are interested whether the benefits of IVD tests are actually worth their cost. Many articles have introduced frameworks to assess the economic value of IVD tests. The most appropriate tool for quantitative assessment of their economic value is cost-effectiveness (CEA) and cost-utility (CUA) analysis. The both analysis determine cost in terms of effectiveness or utilities (combine quantity and quality of life) of new laboratory test against its alternative. On the other hand, some investigators recommended calculation of laboratory test value as product of two ratios: Laboratory test value = (Technical accuracy/Turnaround time) × (Utility/Costs). Recently, some researches used multicriteria decision analysis which allows comparison of diagnostic strategies in terms of benefits, opportunities, costs and risks. All analyses are constructed to identify laboratory test that produce the greatest healthcare benefit with the resources available. Without solid evidence that certain laboratory tests are cost-effective, laboratory services cannot be improved. Consequently, simple policy measures such as cost cutting may be imposed upon many laboratories while patients will have limited access to laboratory service.

Gender Differences and Socioeconomic Status Biases in Judgments About Blame in Date Rape Scenarios

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine A. Black ◽  
David J. Gold
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Date Rape ◽  
The Other ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Bus Driver

Participants (80 men, 80 women) read hypothetical date rape scenarios, wherein the perpetrator’s socioeconomic status (bus driver versus doctor) and the victim’s level of resistance (verbal versus verbal and physical) were varied, and made judgments about who was at fault and what the consequences should be. In general, men assigned more blame to the victim and less blame to the perpetrator than did women. However, men assigned more blame to the bus driver than to the doctor. Women, on the other hand, assigned more blame to the victim who was raped by the bus driver than to the victim who was raped by the doctor. The results also indicated that participants recommended harsher punishments for the perpetrator when the victim resisted verbally than when she resisted verbally and physically. Future research on the role of the perpetrator’s, the victim’s, and the participants’ socioeconomic status in judgments about date rape is suggested.

scholarly journals PEMBELAJARAN STATISTIKA DALAM PERSPEKTIF GENDER

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (02) ◽  
pp. 282
Author(s):  
Yuyun Yunarti
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Statistical Learning ◽  
Female Students ◽  
The Other ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Statistical Knowledge ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Gender Aspects

Statistics is considered a boring subject for students, even though statistics are taught with the aim of preparing students to be able to use statistics in their daily lives. In studying statistics, there are still many students both men and women who view statistics as a boring subject. Based on this, the gender aspects of statistical learning are of concern to educators. Gender differences not only result in differences in abilities in statistical courses, but also in obtaining statistical knowledge. Many opinions say that women are not enough to successfully study statistics compared to men. In addition, women almost never have a thorough interest in theoretical questions like men. Women are more interested in practical things than theoretical ones. But on the other hand, not a few female students have success in statistical abilities.

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