Sodium Acetate Buffer

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 (02) ◽  
pp. 226-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. S Chohan ◽  
J Vermylen ◽  
I Singh ◽  
K Balakrishkan ◽  
M Verstraete
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Acetate Buffer ◽  
Clot Lysis ◽  
Sodium Acetate Buffer ◽  
End Point ◽  
Lysis Time ◽  
Clot Lysis Time

SummarySodium acetate buffer, 0.12 M, pH 7.4 as a diluent in the low temperature technique of dilute clot lysis time, is more effective in accelerating the velocity of lysis than phosphate buffer of similar pH and molarity. A uniform shape of the clot is maintained throughout the digestion in sodium acetate buffer and the end point of lysis is characteristically marked by an abrupt and sharply defined disintegration. Sodium acetate buffer can be employed advantageously in this technique not only to improve the observation but also to shorten the lysis times.

Fibrinolytic Activity at High Altitude and Sodium Acetate Buffer

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 (01) ◽  
pp. 065-070 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. S Chohan ◽  
I Singh ◽  
K Balakrihsnan
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Pulmonary Oedema ◽  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Fibrinolytic Activity ◽  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Acetate Buffer ◽  
Clot Lysis ◽  
Protective Mechanism ◽  
Sodium Acetate Buffer ◽  
Lysis Time

SummaryAt high altitude there is a tendency for fibrinolytic activity to be enhanced depending, perhaps, on the duration of exposure and this seems to be a protective mechanism against the development of high altitude pulmonary oedema which is associated with diminished fibrinolytic activity. The fibrinolytic response at high altitude seems to be fluctuated during the process of acclimatisation though being maintained at a plateau higher than that in the plains. It apparently results from hypoxic stress but more likely reflects the physiological response to the hypercoagulable state at high altitude. As clot lysis times in high altitude pulmonary oedema are unusually prolonged an attempt at shortening their observation in the test system is desirable. Sodium acetate, 0.12 M solution with pH 7.4 as a diluent in the low temperature technique of dilute clot lysis time is potentially effective to accelerate the lysis time by approximately 33 % compared to phosphate buffer solution of similar pH and molarity. Also the end point of disintegration of clot is more abrupt and sharply defined. Sodium acetate buffer can advantageously replace phosphate buffer as a diluent in this technique.

SOME CHARACTERISTICS OF BRAIN TYROSINE HYDROXYLASE

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 1557-1563 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. G. McGeer ◽  
S. Gibson ◽  
P. L. McGeer
Keyword(s):  
Tyrosine Hydroxylase ◽  
Rat Brain ◽  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Acetate Buffer ◽  
Sodium Acetate Buffer ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Hydroxylase Activity ◽  
Michaelis Constant ◽  
Brain Tyrosine Hydroxylase

Tyrosine hydroxylase from brain homogenates differed from tyrosine hydroxylase from adrenal homogenates in being particle-bound, insensitive to cofactors, possessing a lower Michaelis constant for tyrosine, and being responsive to slightly different optimum conditions of pH and buffer. The combination of 0.02 M mercaptoethanol and 0.1–1.0 mM 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6,7-dimethyltetrahydropteridine (DMPH4) increased tyrosine hydroxylase activity in beef adrenal homogenates 15-fold, but was without effect on activity in rat brain homogenates. The Km for tyrosine in beef adrenal homogenates was 4 × 10−6 M, and in rat brain homogenates was 0.45 × 10−6 M. Conversion in beef adrenal homogenates was maximum in 0.6 M sodium acetate buffer, pH 6.0, and in rat brain homogenates was maximum in 0.28 M phosphate buffer, pH 6.2.

The role of silicon in forages: A quantitative X-Ray study

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 416-417
Author(s):  
Janet H. Woodward ◽  
D. E. Akin
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Acetate Buffer ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Sodium Acetate Buffer ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Percent Composition

Silicon (Si) is distributed throughout plant tissues, but its role in forages has not been clarified. Although Si has been suggested as an antiquality factor which limits the digestibility of structural carbohydrates, other research indicates that its presence in plants does not affect digestibility. We employed x-ray microanalysis to evaluate Si as an antiquality factor at specific sites of two cultivars of bermuda grass (Cynodon dactvlon (L.) Pers.). “Coastal” and “Tifton-78” were chosen for this study because previous work in our lab has shown that, although these two grasses are similar ultrastructurally, they differ in in vitro dry matter digestibility and in percent composition of Si.Two millimeter leaf sections of Tifton-7 8 (Tift-7 8) and Coastal (CBG) were incubated for 72 hr in 2.5% (w/v) cellulase in 0.05 M sodium acetate buffer, pH 5.0. For controls, sections were incubated in the sodium acetate buffer or were not treated.

Influence of Moderate and Strenuous Daily Physical Activity on Fibrinolytic Activity of Blood: Possibility of Plasminogen Activator Stores Depletion

1979 ◽  
Vol 41 (04) ◽  
pp. 745-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dušan Keber ◽  
Mojca Stegnar ◽  
Irena Keber ◽  
Bojan Accetto
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Fibrinolytic Activity ◽  
Regular Physical Activity ◽  
Clot Lysis ◽  
Moderate Activity ◽  
Lysis Time ◽  
Strenuous Activity ◽  
Activity Measurements ◽  
Clot Lysis Time

SummaryFibrinolysis was studied in 10 alpinists during regular physical activity of different intensity. Blood was sampled at rest and after exposure to submaximal workload on the treadmill on three occasions: before and after 6 months physical conditioning (moderate physical activity), and after 6 weeks of an alpinistic expedition (strenuous physical activity). Measurements included submaximal working capacity, fibrinogen, euglobulin clot lysis time (ELT), whole plasma clot lysis time, and estimations derived from ELT - percent increase in fibrinolytic activity after exercise (RFS), and absolute increase in fibrinolytic activity after exercise (PAR).Regular moderate activity increased the resting level of ELT, but strenuous activity decreased is. After each treadmill testing, a marked increase in fibrinolytic activity was observed. RFS was unaltered at all three testings. PAR increased after moderate activity, but decreased after strenuous activity.The results indicate that regular physical activity can lead from enhanced to decreased resting activity of plasminogen activator in blood. It is presumed that increased release of activator during prolonged stress causes partial depletion of endothelial stores with the consequence of decreased activator activity in the blood.

The Effect of Copper Ions on Clot Lysis Time in the Fibrinolytic Assay of Streptokinase

1965 ◽  
Vol 13 (02) ◽  
pp. 477-483
Author(s):  
Alwin B. Bogert
Keyword(s):  
Copper Ions ◽  
Borate Buffer ◽  
Fibrinolytic System ◽  
Clot Lysis ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Lysis Time ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Effect Of Copper ◽  
Clot Lysis Time

SummaryExperiments were conducted to determine why different lots of Borate Buffer reagent affect the clot lysis times obtained in the fibrinolytic assay of Streptokinase. Minerals naturally occurring in distilled water were screened individually to determine their influence on lysis. Copper was found to have a very pronounced effect in this regard on the fibrinolytic system in that low levels reduce the lysis time and high levels increase it.

Altered fibrin clot structure/function in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome: association with thrombotic manifestation

2014 ◽  
Vol 112 (08) ◽  
pp. 287-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Celińska-Löwenhoff ◽  
Teresa Iwaniec ◽  
Agnieszka Padjas ◽  
Jacek Musiał ◽  
Anetta Undas
Keyword(s):  
Structure Function ◽  
Antiphospholipid Syndrome ◽  
Thrombotic Event ◽  
Fibrin Clot ◽  
Clot Lysis ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Lysis Time ◽  
Clot Structure ◽  
Clot Lysis Time ◽  
D Dimer

SummaryWe tested the hypothesis that plasma fibrin clot structure/function is unfavourably altered in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Ex vivo plasma clot permeability, turbidity and susceptibility to lysis were determined in 126 consecutive patients with APS enrolled five months or more since thrombotic event vs 105 controls. Patients with both primary and secondary APS were characterised by 11% lower clot permeability (p<0.001), 4.8% shorter lag phase (p<0.001), 10% longer clot lysis time (p<0.001), and 4.7% higher maximum level of D-dimer released from clots (p=0.02) as compared to the controls. Scanning electron microscopy images confirmed denser fibrin networks composed of thinner fibres in APS. Clots from patients with “triple-antibody positivity” were formed after shorter lag phase (p=0.019) and were lysed at a slower rate (p=0.004) than in the remainder. Clots from APS patients who experienced stroke and/or myocardial infarction were 8% less permeable (p=0.01) and susceptible to lysis (10.4% longer clot lysis time [p=0.006] and 4.5% slower release of D-dimer from clots [p=0.01]) compared with those following venous thromboembolism alone. Multivariate analysis adjusted for potential confounders showed that in APS patients, lupus anticoagulant and “triple-positivity” were the independent predictors of clot permeability, while “triple-positivity” predicted lysis time. We conclude that APS is associated with prothrombotic plasma fibrin clot phenotype, with more pronounced abnormalities in arterial thrombosis. Molecular background for this novel prothrombotic mechanism in APS remains to be established.

Identification and characterisation of monoclonal antibodies that impair the activation of human thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor through different mechanisms

2011 ◽  
Vol 106 (07) ◽  
pp. 90-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niraj Mishra ◽  
Ellen Vercauteren ◽  
Jan Develter ◽  
Riet Bammens ◽  
Paul J. Declerck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Clot Lysis ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Thrombin Activatable Fibrinolysis Inhibitor ◽  
Lysis Time ◽  
Human Thrombin ◽  
Fibrinolysis Inhibitor ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Clot Lysis Time

SummaryThrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) forms a molecular link between coagulation and fibrinolysis and is a putative target to develop profibrinolytic drugs. Out of a panel of monoclonal antibodies (MA) raised against TAFI-ACIIYQ, we selected MA-TCK11A9, MA-TCK22G2 and MA-TCK27A4, which revealed high affinity towards human TAFITI- wt. MA-TCK11A9 was able to inhibit mainly plasmin-mediated TAFI activation, MA-TCK22G2 inhibited plasmin- and thrombin-mediated TAFI activation and MA-TCK27A4 inhibited TAFI activation by plasmin, thrombin and thrombin/thrombomodulin (T/TM) in a dose-dependent manner. These MA did not interfere with TAFIa activity. Using an eightfold molar excess of MA over TAFI, all three MA were able to reduce clot lysis time significantly, i.e. in the presence of exogenous TM, MATCK11A9, MA-TCK22G2 and MA-TCK27A4 reduced clot lysis time by 47 ± 9.1%, 80 ± 8.6% and 92 ± 14%, respectively, compared to PTCI. This effect was even more pronounced in the absence of TM i.e. MATCK11A9, MA-TCK22G2 and MA-TCK27A4 reduced clot lysis time by 90 ± 14%, 140 ± 12% and 147 ± 29%, respectively, compared to PTCI. Mutagenesis analysis revealed that residues at position 268, 272 and 276 are involved in the binding of MA-TCK11A9, residues 147 and 148 in the binding of MA-TCK22G2 and residue 113 in the binding of MATCK27A4. The present study identified three MA, with distinct epitopes, that impair the activation of human TAFI and demonstrated that MATCK11A9 which mainly impairs plasmin-mediated TAFI activation can also reduce significantly clot lysis time in vitro.

STARCH GEL ELECTROPHORESIS OF COBRA AND RATTLESNAKE VENOMS

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1073-1078 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Neelin
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Strength ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Acetate Buffer ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Sodium Acetate Buffer ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
Acidic Proteins

The effect of pH on gradient starch gel electrophoresis of the venoms of Crotalus adamanteus and Naja flava has been examined. Sodium acetate buffer, pH 4.1, ionic strength 0.020, appeared most effective for resolution of the former venom, and acetate buffer, pH 4.7, or cacodylate buffer, pH 6.0, for the latter. Two-dimensional starch gel electrophoresis resolved at least 20 zones from the crotaline venom and 11 from the colubrid. Two zones of hemolytic activity were separated from each venom: in C. adamanteus the less cationic zone included possibly two or more acidic proteins; the corresponding zone of N. flava was more basic, more homogeneous, and more active under the conditions of assay.

scholarly journals XRD Identification of Ore Minerals during Cruises: Refinement of Extraction Procedure with Sodium Acetate Buffer

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
Jelena Milinovic ◽  
Ágata Alveirinho Dias ◽  
Ana I. Janeiro ◽  
Manuel F. C. Pereira ◽  
Sofia Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Acetate Buffer ◽  
Sodium Acetate Buffer ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
New Information ◽  
Ore Minerals ◽  
Mid Atlantic Ridge ◽  
Seafloor Sediments

The on-board identification of ore minerals during a cruise is often postponed until long after the cruise is over. During the M127 cruise, 21 cores with deep-seafloor sediments were recovered in the Trans-Atlantic Geotraverse (TAG) field along the Mid Atlantic Ridge (MAR). Sediments were analyzed on-board for physicochemical properties such as lightness (L*), pH and Eh. Selected samples were studied for mineral composition by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). Based on XRD data, sediment samples were separated into high-, low- and non-carbonated. Removal of carbonates is a common technique in mineralogical studies in which HCl is used as the extraction agent. In the present study, sequential extraction was performed with sodium acetate buffer (pH 5.0) to remove carbonates. The ratio between the highest calcite XRD reflection in the original samples (Iorig) vs its XRD-reflection in samples after their treatment with the buffer (Itreat) was used as a quantitative parameter of calcite removal, as well as to identify minor minerals in carbonated samples (when Iorig/Itreat > 24). It was found that the lightness parameter (L*) showed a positive correlation with calcite XRD reflection in selected TAG samples, and this could be applied to the preliminary on-board determination of extraction steps with acetate buffer (pH 5.0) in carbonated sediment samples. The most abundant minerals detected in carbonated samples were quartz and Al- and Fe-rich clays. Other silicates were also detected (e.g., calcic plagioclase, montmorillonite, nontronite). In non-carbonated samples, Fe oxides and hydroxides (goethite and hematite, respectively) were detected. Pyrite was the dominant hydrothermal mineral and Cu sulfides (chalcopyrite, covellite) and hydrothermal Mn oxides (birnessite and todorokite) were mineral phases identified in few samples, whereas paratacamite was detected in the top 20 cm of the core. The present study demonstrates that portable XRD analysis makes it possible to characterize mineralogy at cored sites, in particular in both low- and high-carbonated samples, before the end of most cruises, thus enabling the quick modification of exploration strategies in light of new information as it becomes available in near-real time.

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