Platelet Survival in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

1984 ◽  
Vol 51 (03) ◽  
pp. 307-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
P D Winocour ◽  
M Laimins ◽  
J A Colwell
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Platelet Survival ◽  
Survival Studies ◽  
Normal Controls

SummaryPlatelet survival in diabetes mellitus may be decreased or normal, and it is not clear whether altered platelet survival is due to a platelet or to a non-platelet defect. Therefore, platelet survival studies were performed at intervals up to 28 days in streptozotocin-induced diabetic and normal rats, using washed platelets from diabetic or normal animals.When compared to platelets from control rats, there was a significant decrease in platelet survival when platelets from 7 and 14 day diabetic rats were injected into normal controls or into diabetic rats.After 28 days of diabetes, platelet survival in diabetic rats was significantly lengthened, whether the platelets came from control or diabetic rats. Conclusions. (1) Shortened platelet survival in the diabetic rat is caused initially by a platelet defect. Later, non-platelet factors become dominant. (2) These findings may help explain reported discrepancies in results of platelet survival in diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals The acute effects of different spironolactone doses on cardiac function in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (11) ◽  
pp. 1343-1350
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Vranic ◽  
Stefan Simovic ◽  
Petar Ristic ◽  
Tamara Nikolic ◽  
Isidora Stojic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Systolic Function ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Acute Administration ◽  
Rat Hearts ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

Currently, cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of global mortality, while diabetes mellitus remains an important cause of cardiovascular morbidity. A recent study showed that patients with diabetes mellitus treated with mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists have improved coronary microvascular function, leading to improved diastolic dysfunction. In this study, we evaluated the influence of acute administration of spironolactone on myocardial function in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus, with special emphasis on cardiodynamic parameters in diabetic rat hearts. The present study was carried out on 40 adult male Wistar albino rats (8 weeks old). Rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (10 animals per group): healthy rats treated with 0.1 μmol/L of spironolactone, diabetic rats treated with 0.1 μmol/L of spironolactone, healthy rats treated with 3 μmol/L of spironolactone, and diabetic rats treated with 3 μmol/L of spironolactone. Different, dose-dependent, acute responses of spironolactone treatment on isolated, working diabetic and healthy rat heart were observed in our study. In healthy rats, better systolic function was achieved with higher spironolactone dose, while in diabetic rats, similar effects of low and high spironolactone dose were observed.

scholarly journals Diabetes mellitus increased integrins gene expression in rat endometrium at the time of embryo implantation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbas Bakhteyari ◽  
Yasaman Zarrin ◽  
Parvaneh Nikpour ◽  
Zeinab Sadat Hosseiny ◽  
Zeinab Sadat Hosseiny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Group Treatment ◽  
Embryo Implantation ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Genes Expression ◽  
Normal Menstrual Cycle

Background: Diabetes mellitus deeply changes the genes expression of integrin (Itg) subunits in several cells and tissues such as monocytes, arterial endothelium, kidney glomerular cells, retina. Furthermore, hyperglycemia could impress and reduce the rate of successful assisted as well as non-assisted pregnancy. Endometrium undergoes thorough changes in normal menstrual cycle and the question is: What happens in the endometrium under diabetic condition? Objective: The aim of the current study was to investigate the endometrial gene expression of α3, α4, αv, Itg β1 and β3 subunits in diabetic rat models at the time of embryo implantation. Materials and Methods: Twenty-eight rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group, diabetic group, pioglitazone-treated group, and metformin-treated group. Real-time PCR was performed to determine changes in the expression of Itg α3, α4, αv, β1, and β3 genes in rat’s endometrium. Results: The expression of all Itg subunits increased significantly in diabetic rats’ endometrium compared with control group. Treatment with pioglitazone significantly reduced the level of Itg subunits gene expression compared with diabetic rats. While metformin had a different effect on α3 and α4 and elevated these two subunits gene expression. Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus significantly increased the expression of studied Itg subunits, therefore untreated diabetes could be potentially assumed as one of the preliminary elements in embryo implantation failure.

scholarly journals Exogenous Angiotensin I Metabolism in Aorta Isolated from Streptozotocin Treated Diabetic Rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
P. P. Wołkow ◽  
B. Bujak-Giżycka ◽  
J. Jawień ◽  
R. Olszanecki ◽  
J. Madej ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
Rat Aorta ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Classical Pathway ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Angiotensin I ◽  
Ang Iv

Purpose. Products of angiotensin (ANG) I metabolism may predispose to vascular complications of diabetes mellitus. Methods. Diabetes was induced with streptozotocin (75 mg/kg i.p.). Rat aorta fragments, isolated 4 weeks later, were pretreated with perindoprilat (3 μM), thiorphan (3 μM), or vehicle and incubated for 15 minutes with ANG I (1 μM). Products of ANG I metabolism through classical (ANG II, ANG III, and ANG IV) and alternative (ANG (1–9), ANG (1–7), and ANG (1–5)) pathways were measured in the buffer, using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results. Incubation with ANG I resulted in higher concentration of ANG II (P = 0.02, vehicle pretreatment) and lower of ANG (1–9) (P=0.048, perindoprilat pretreatment) in diabetes. Preference for the classical pathway is suggested by higher ANG III/ANG (1–7) ratios in vehicle (P=0.03), perindoprilat (P=0.02), and thiorphan pretreated (P=0.02) diabetic rat. Within the classical pathway, ratios of ANG IV/ANG II (P=0.01) and of ANG IV/ANG III (P=0.049), but not of ANG III/ANG II are lower in diabetes. Conclusions. Diabetes in rats led to preference toward deleterious (ANG II, ANG III) over protective (ANG IV, ANG (1–9), and ANG (1–7)) ANG I metabolites.

scholarly journals Modification of vasodilator response in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (12) ◽  
pp. 980-985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-François Bouchard ◽  
Éric C Dumont ◽  
Daniel Lamontagne
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Adenylyl Cyclase ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Vascular Reactivity ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Isolated Hearts ◽  
Dose Response Curves

Functional dilatory response in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats was investigated using thoracic aortas, isolated hearts, and mesenteric beds. Dose-response curves to the PGI2 analogue iloprost on phenylephrine-preconstricted rings of diabetic rats and controls were comparable. In contrast, decreased vasodilation in diabetic rats was observed when dose-response curves to iloprost were performed in hearts and on phenylephrine-preconstricted mesenteric beds. Dose-response curves to forskolin, an adenylyl cyclase activator, performed with hearts and phenylephrine-preconstricted aortic rings and isolated mesenteric beds of diabetic rats and controls were comparable. However, a decreased vasodilation to the ATP-sensitive potassium channel (KATP) activator lemakalim was observed in diabetic hearts, but not in aortic rings and mesenteric beds. In conclusion, under our experimental conditions, diabetes mellitus affects the vasodilation to iloprost in both coronary and mesenteric beds, but not in the aorta. In the heart, this modification of vascular reactivity may be due to a decrease in KATP channel mediated response and not to a decreased activity of adenylyl cyclase. At this time, in the isolated mesenteric bed, the mechanism of this modification in vascular reactivity remains unknown.Key words: diabetes mellitus, iloprost, KATP channels, adenylyl cyclase, aorta, coronary circulation, mesenteric bed.

scholarly journals Serotonin-promoted elevation of ROS levels may lead to cardiac pathologies in diabetic rat

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 655-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahir Ali ◽  
Farhat Shaheen ◽  
Madiha Mahmud ◽  
Hina Waheed ◽  
Muhammad Ishtiaq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cardiac Hypertrophy ◽  
Diabetic Complications ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Serotonin Secretion ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) develop tendencies toward heart disease. Hyperglycemia induces the release of serotonin from enterochromaffin cells (EC). Serotonin was observed to elevate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and downregulate antioxidant enzymes. As a result, elevated levels of serotonin could contribute to diabetic complications, including cardiac hypertrophy. In the present study, diabetes mellitus was induced in rats by alloxan administration; this was followed by the administration of serotonin to experimental animals. ROS, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) expression, and histopathological assessments were performed. Elevated ROS concentrations and decreased antioxidant enzyme activities were detected. Further, we observed an increase in cell surface area and elevated BNP expression which suggests that events associated with cardiac hypertrophy were increased in serotonin-administered diabetic rats. We conclude that serotonin secretion in diabetes could contribute to diabetic complications, including cardiac hypertrophy, through enhanced ROS production.

scholarly journals Ethanol Extract of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsley) A Gray Standardized Ameliorates Hyperglycemia, Polyphagia, and Weight Loss in Diabetic Rats

Molekul ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Yulia Fauziyah ◽  
Sunarti Sunarti ◽  
Ita Fauzia Hanoum ◽  
Mae Sri Hartati Wahyuningsih
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Tithonia Diversifolia ◽  
Chronic Hyperglycemia ◽  
Group 2

Diabetes mellitus is a state of chronic hyperglycemia which causes various complications. Traditionally, The Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsley) A Gray leaf has long been used for the treatment of diabetes. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of the T. diversifolia leaf on blood glucose, polyphagia, and weight loss in a diabetic rat model. Rats were made diabetic with intraperitonial injection of Nicotinamide and Streptozotocin and divided into 5 groups. Group 1 were healthy rats, group 2 were diabetic rats, while groups 3, 4, and 5 were diabetic rats treated with 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg body weight of 70% ethanol extract of Tithonia diversifolia leaf respectively for 28 days. Blood was taken after treatment for measuring glucose. The ethanol extract of T. diversifolia leaf decreased blood glucose in diabetic rats (P<0.05). The ethanol extract of T. diversifolia leaf significantly suppresses polyphagia and improves diabetic rat weight (P <0.05). In conclusion, Tithonia diversifolia ethanolic extract has anti-hyperglycemic effect and ameliorated the effect of diabetes mellitus symptoms, namely polyphagia and weight loss.

scholarly journals Changes in omeprazole pharmacokinetics in rats with diabetes induced by alloxan or streptozotocin: Faster clearance of omeprazole due to induction of hepatic CYP1A2 and 3A1

2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dae Young Lee ◽  
Myung G. Lee ◽  
Hyun Sook Shin ◽  
Inchul Lee
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Intravenous Administration ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
First Pass ◽  
Metabolic Activities ◽  
Intravenous And Oral Administration ◽  
Pharmacokinetics In Rats

Purpose. To investigate the effect of diabetes mellitus induced by alloxan (DMIA) or streptozotocin (DMIS) on the pharmacokinetics of omeprazole in rats. It has been reported that omeprazole is primarily metabolized via hepatic CYP1A2, 2D1, and 3A1 in rats. The expression and mRNA levels of hepatic CYP1A2 and 3A1 increases in DMIA and DMIS rats, but the expression of hepatic CYP2D1 does not change in DMIS rats. In addition, the metabolic activities of intestinal CYP3A1/2 decreases in DMIS rats. Thus, it could be expected that the pharmacokinetics of omeprazole would be affected by changes in both DMIA and DMIS. Methods. Omeprazole was administered intravenously (20 mg/kg) and orally (40 mg/kg) to DMIA and DMIS rats and their respective controls. Results. After intravenous administration of omeprazole, the CLNR of the drug was significantly faster in DMIA (52.6 versus 67.4 mL/min/kg) and DMIS (50.2 versus 73.0 mL/min/kg) rats than the respective controls. However, after oral administration of omeprazole, the AUC was comparable between each type of diabetic rat and the respective controls. Conclusions. The significantly faster CLNR of intravenous omeprazole could be due to increased expression and mRNA levels of hepatic CYP1A2 and 3A1 in both types of diabetic rat. The comparable AUC of oral omeprazole could be due to a decrease in the intestinal first-pass effect of omeprazole caused by decreased intestinal CYP3A1/2 in diabetic rats. Following both intravenous and oral administration in DMIA and DMIS rats, the pharmacokinetics of omeprazole were similarly altered.

scholarly journals Platelet Survival and Platelet Serotonin Release in vivo in Various Animal Models

1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.I. Cargill ◽  
R.J. Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Rhesus Monkey ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Serotonin Release ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Platelet Activity ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Platelet Survival ◽  
Streptozotocin Diabetic Rat

Decreased platelet survival is a clinically accepted indicator of increased platelet consumption, and in some cases may reveal “hyperthrombotic” states. Decreased platelet survival has also been demonstrated in the homocystinuric baboon and the hypercholesterolemic rhesus monkey (Ross and Harker). Treatment with antiplatelet drugs does increase platelet survival in patients as well as in experimental animals.We have found platelet survival to be decreased in both uricemic and hypercholesterolemic guinea pigs.However, platelet survival in the atherosclerotic rabbit and the streptozotocin diabetic rat was normal. When atherosclerotic rabbits or diabetic rats were given platelets labelled with 51Cr and 14C-serotonin, they were found, five days after receiving the platelets, to have higher 51Cr/14C ratios than did their corresponding controls. This suggests a higher serotonin release from circulating platelets in these models.The 51Cr/14C ratio in platelets may be a more sensitive measure of platelet activity in vivo than is platelet survival alone.

scholarly journals The Effect of Sulfinpyrazone and Aspirin on the IVY Template Bleeding Time

1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. Stuart ◽  
H.J.M. Barnett
Keyword(s):  
Bleeding Time ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Platelet Survival ◽  
Stroke Study ◽  
Daily Aspirin ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Survival Studies ◽  
Cerebral Ischemic ◽  
Normal Controls

The Canadian Stroke Study has afforded us an opportunity to study the effect of sulfinpyrazone 800 mg daily, aspirin 1200 mg daily, both drugs together, and a placebo on the Ivy template bleeding time. Patients with transient cerebral ischemic attacks were randomized to one of the treatment groups and studied before and during treatment.In 352 patients studied pre-drug, the mean bleeding time was 5.02 ± 2.38 (± 1 SD) minutes. Aspirin significantly prolonged the bleeding time (p=.001). Sulfinpyrazone alone had no effect on the bleeding time. In patients receiving both drugs, the effect was no greater than that of aspirin alone. 51Cr platelet survival studies have been completed in 47 patients during treatment. The mean of 8.4 days was similar to the mean in 17 normal controls(8.3 days). However, analysis by treatment groups remains to be done.

Glucocorticoids mediate a decrease in AVP-regulated urea transporter in diabetic rat inner medulla

1997 ◽  
Vol 273 (6) ◽  
pp. F949-F953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet D. Klein ◽  
S. Russ Price ◽  
James L. Bailey ◽  
Joely D. Jacobs ◽  
Jeff M. Sands
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Urea Transporter ◽  
Urea Excretion ◽  
Physiological Relevance ◽  
Uncontrolled Diabetes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Physiological Dose ◽  
And Control

Providing glucocorticoids to adrenalectomized (Adx) rats results in downregulation of the vasopressin (AVP)-regulated urea transporter (VRUT) in the renal inner medullary (IM) tip. To examine the physiological relevance of this response, we studied rats with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus induced by streptozotocin (STZ), since these rats have increased corticosterone production and urea excretion. We measured VRUT protein in extracts from the IM tip or base of pair-fed control and diabetic rats by Western analysis using an antibody to rat VRUT. In the IM tip, VRUT was significantly reduced by 39% in diabetic compared with control rats. In the IM base, there was no significant difference between diabetic and control rats. To determine whether the decrease in VRUT in the IM tip was mediated by glucocorticoids, the experiment was repeated using the following three groups of rats: 1) Adx alone, 2) Adx + STZ, and 3) Adx + STZ + replacement with a physiological dose of glucocorticoid. There was no significant difference in VRUT between Adx and Adx + STZ rats. However, VRUT was significantly reduced by 32% in the IM tip of glucocorticoid-treated Adx + STZ rats compared with control Adx + STZ rats. We conclude that glucocorticoids regulate the abundance of VRUT protein independently of insulin in diabetic rats.

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