An Anatomic Study of the Facial Nerve Trunk and Branching Pattern in an African Population

There are known racial variations in the branching and furcation pattern and the length of the facial nerve (FN) trunk and hardly any studies from the black African population. Surgeries around the FN predispose it to trauma and warrant a detailed anatomy of its branching pattern. Using a descriptive cross-sectional study, a total of 40 FN (20 fresh cadavers) were dissected to record the pattern and length of the FN. The frequency of various patterns of FN using the Davis et al classification was as follows: type I: 10 (25%), type II: 9 (22.5%), type III: 7 (17.5%), type IV: 6 (15%), type V: 2 (5%), and type VI: 6 (15%). The nerve bifurcated in 32(80%) and trifurcated in 8(20%) of the cadavers. There was no statistical difference in the branching patterns ( p = 0.509) and furcation types ( p = 0.414) between the sides and gender. The length of the trunk of the FN measured from the stylomastoid foramen to the bifurcation point was 16.14(−/+ 3.28 mm). The results from this data established a variation in the anatomical branching pattern of the FN in a black Kenyan population.

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RIGHT ATRIAL STRAIN IN A NORMAL ADULT AFRICAN POPULATION AND ITS CORRELATION WITH AGE

10.22541/au.163655378.85648138/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mushitu Nyange ◽

Ruchika Meel

Keyword(s):

Normal Values ◽

Black Population ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

African Population ◽

Right Atrial ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Black African ◽

The Mean ◽

Atrial Strain ◽

The Right

Background The right atrial longitudinal strain (RALS) has been shown to be a useful parameter to define right atrial (RA) subclinical dysfunction in several cardiovascular disorders prior to changes in traditional RA two dimensional and volumetric parameters. There is a scarcity of data regarding normal values for RALS in a normal African population. Objectives We sought to establish normal values for RALS and its correlation with age, in a Sub-Saharan black African population. Methods This was a retrospective cross-sectional study of 100 normal individuals (recruited as controls for another study) performed at Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital (2017-2019). All echocardiographic measurements were done as per standard guidelines. RALS was measured using Philips QLAB 9 (Amsterdam, The Netherlands) speckle-tracking software. Results Median age was 37.5 years (IQR 26- 46, 60% females). The mean right atrial volume indexed to body surface area (RAVI) was 19.5 ± 5.7 mL/m and the mean RALS was 32.7 ± 10.5%. There was a trend towards decreasing RALS with age (r=-0.15, P=0.129) with no change in RAVI with age ( P=0.27). Males had a tendency towards higher RAVI and RALS measurements compared to females (20.8 ± 6.3 mL/m and 18.7 ± 5.2 mL/m , P=0.07: 34.6 ± 9.6% and 31.4 ± 10.9 %, P=0.141, respectively) . BMI was an independent predictor of RALS on multivariate analysis ( r= -0.43, P =0.003) Conclusion We have defined the normal reference values for RALS in a black population. RALS tended to decrease with age prior to change in RAVI and can serve as a marker of subclinical RA dysfunction . BMI was an important determinant of RALS.

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Computed tomography assessment of the ethmoid roof based on Keros classification in Iraqi patients undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery

Journal of Ideas in Health ◽

10.47108/jidhealth.vol4.iss2.120 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 365-370

Author(s):

Baseem Natheer Abdulhadi ◽

Ali Ibrahim Shyaa ◽

Laith ALTamimi

Keyword(s):

Endoscopic Sinus Surgery ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Common Type ◽

Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery ◽

Sinus Surgery ◽

P Value ◽

Type I ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

And Gender ◽

The Right

Background: Among the most popular methods employed to classify the depth of the olfactory fossa is Keros classification. This study aims to assess Keros classification of the ethmoid roof, any possible association between Keros types and gender, and the incidence of asymmetry between right and left sides among Iraqi patients. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at Al-Shaheed Gazi Al-Hariri Teaching Hospital, Medical City, Baghdad, Iraq. The archived reports and the CT scans images (nose and paranasal sinuses) of 126 patients who have undergone functional endoscopic sinus surgery between January 2019 and January 2020 were reviewed. Univariate and bivariate statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 24. The statistically significant was considered at less than 0.05. Results: More than half of patients were females (54.0%) with a mean age of 31.52 ± 11.38 (SD) years (range: 10-57 years). Among the total patients, the mean depth of olfactory fossa (OF) was 3.58 ± 0.02 mm. Results showed that Keros type I was the most common type (71.0%), followed by type II (27.4%) and type III (1.6%) respectively. The difference in the olfactory fossa depth between the right and left sides was ≥ 1 mm in 16 (12.7%) patients and < 1 mm in 110 (87.3%) patients. Moreover, there was no significant relation between symmetry/asymmetry and gender ( p-value > 0.05). Conclusion: Keros type I was the most common type, which carries the lowest risk of inadvertent intracranial injury during endoscopic sinus surgery; besides the relatively low percentage of asymmetry in the depth of the two olfactory fossae among patients, surgeons should always be cautious during surgery to avoid iatrogenic injury concerning the thin lateral lamella of the cribriform plate.

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Four-Year Prospective Evaluation of Femoral Neck Fractures: Types and Complications

Journal of Research in Orthopedic Science ◽

10.32598/jrosj.7.3.715.1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 129-134

Author(s):

Ali Yeganeh ◽

◽

Mehdi Moghtadaei ◽

Amir Sobhani ◽

Mehdi Abbasi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Femoral Neck ◽

Avascular Necrosis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Femoral Neck Fractures ◽

Type I ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Non Union ◽

Type Iv ◽

The Mean ◽

Type Of Fracture

Background: Despite the advances in the methods of treating femoral neck fractures, treating some types of these fractures is still challenging. Therefore, understanding these fractures, their treatments, and the ways to control their complications are necessary for the orthopedists. Objectives: In this study, we evaluate patients with acute femoral neck fractures with respect to the type of fractures and complications. Methods: In a 4-year cross-sectional study, the patients with acute femoral neck fractures who were admitted to Rasoul Akram Hospital were selected. Anatomical features and the type of fracture were determined by using plain radiography and CT scan. Fractures were classified according to the Garden classification. The patients were also evaluated for any postoperative complications for at least 6 months. Results: A total of 124 patients were enrolled. The Mean±SD age of the patients was 64.9±12.7 years and 87 (74.4%) were male. Based on the Garden classification, 7 fractures (5.9%) belonged to type I, 10 fractures (8.5%) to type II, 48 fractures (41%) to type III, and 52 fractures (44.4%) to type IV. Avascular necrosis in 28 cases (23.9%), non-union in 14 cases (12%), and claudication and pain in 35 cases (29.9%) were noted. The mean age of patients was different between fracture groups (P=0.01). Conclusion: Our results showed that most of the patients with femoral neck fractures admitted to Rasoul Akram Hospital were associated with displacement. In this study, the most common complications were pain and claudication, avascular necrosis of the femoral head, and nonunion. In sum, further displacement of the fracture will result in more complications.

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GAMBARAN KARIES RAMPAN PADA SISWA PENDIDIKAN ANAK USIA DINI DI DESA PINELENG II INDAH

e-GIGI ◽

10.35790/eg.3.1.2015.6630 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sherit Unaya Winda ◽

Paulina Gunawan ◽

Dinar A. Wicaksono

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Female Students ◽

Type I ◽

Type Ii ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Childhood Education ◽

Type Iii ◽

Type Iv ◽

The Village ◽

Rampant Caries

Abstract: Rampant caries is one of the health problems of the teeth and mouth that often occurs in children. This affects the growth and development of children’s teeth. Rampant caries is often found in children aged fives, and the spread of highest in children aged 3 years. The purpose of this research is to know the description of the rampant caries in student of early childhood education in the village of pineleng II indah. This is a cross-sectional research with a sample of students of the aged 3-5 years old, with 74 people. The technique of the sample used is total sampling. Examination of rampant caries was done using criteria WHO then diagnosed based on the level of expansion. The result showed that rampant caries most widely encountered is type III in 19 student (38,78%), followed by type I in 14 student (28,57%, type II in 13 student (26,53%), and type IV in 3 student (6,12%). The conclusion of this research is rampant caries most of the students seen in the 5 years old and on female students. Type rampant caries most is the type III and the least that is the type IV.Keywords : rampant caries, childAbstrak: Karies rampan merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan gigi dan mulut yang sering terjadi pada anak. Hal ini memengaruhi pertumbuhan serta perkembangan gigi anak. Karies rampan sering ditemukan pada anak usia balita dan penyebaran tertinggi pada anak usia 3 tahun. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui gambaran karies rampan pada siswa Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini di desa Pineleng II Indah. Penelitian yang dilakukan merupakan jenis penelitian cross-sectional study dengan sampel siswa yang berusia 3-5 tahun yaitu sebanyak 74 orang. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan ialah total sampling. Pemeriksaan karies rampan dilakukan dengan menggunakan kriteria WHO kemudian didiagnosis berdasarkan tingkat perluasannya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tipe karies rampan yang paling banyak ditemui yaitu pada tipe III 19 siswa (38,78%), kemudian terbanyak kedua ialah tipe I 14 siswa (28,57%), terbanyak ketiga yaitu tipe II 13 siswa (26,53%), dan yang paling sedikit yaitu tipe IV 3 siswa (6,12%).Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu karies rampan paling banyak dijumpai pada siswa yang berumur 5 tahun dan pada siswa yang berjenis kelamin perempuan. Tipe karies rampan yang paling banyak yaitu tipe III dan yang paling sedikit yaitu tipe IV.Kata kunci : karies rampan, anak

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Incidence of Carotico-clinoid Foramen and Interclinoid Osseous Bridge in Dry Human Skulls in Sudan_ Neurosurgical Interest

10.14293/s2199-1006.1.sor-.pphtife.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

yasser seddeg ◽

Kamalelden Elbadawi

Keyword(s):

Cavernous Sinus ◽

Internal Carotid ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Type I ◽

Type Ii ◽

Success Rates ◽

Anterior Clinoid Process ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Type Iv ◽

Human Skulls

Background: Anterior clinoid process is usually drilled in order to approach cavernous sinus and related structures in neurosurgical operations. The presence of carotico-clinoid foramen and interclinoid osseous bridge create difficulties while approaching anterior clinoid process and increases the risks of injury to the internal carotid artery and nearby structures. Aim: To observe incidence, anatomy of carotico-clinoid foramen and interclinoid osseous bridge in the Sudanese dry skulls. Methods: This was a cross sectional study, conducted in the departments of anatomy in different medical schools in Sudan between the period from June 2019 to January 2020. Total 30 dry adult human skulls were examined to observe incidence of carotico-clinoid foramen and of interclinoid osseous bridge. Result: The incidence of carotico-clinoid foramen was 13.3% (4 skulls out of 30). The foramen was bilaterally present in one skull (n=1/30, 3.3%) and unilateral in 3 skulls (n=3/30, 10%). Type I bridge is the carotico-clinoid foramen itself, the Type II interclinoid osseous bridge was found in one skull (n=1/30, 3.3%) , no Type III and Type IV bridges were observed in the present study. Conclusion: the presence of this foramen and interclinoid osseous bridge can complicate neurosurgical operations in cavernous sinus, sellar and para-sellar regions. Therefore, the detailed anatomical knowledge is very important to decrease complications and to increase success rates of neurosurgical operations in this area.

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New classification of branching pattern of facial nerve during parotidectomy: A cross sectional study

Annals of Medicine and Surgery ◽

10.1016/j.amsu.2021.01.006 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 62 ◽

pp. 190-196

Author(s):

Omar Salem Khattab Alomar

Keyword(s):

Facial Nerve ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Branching Pattern ◽

Sectional Study ◽

New Classification ◽

Cross Sectional

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Assessing the Prevalence and Morphological Characteristics of Bifid Mandibular Canal Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography – A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study

Journal of Clinical Imaging Science ◽

10.25259/jcis_67_2019 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

pp. 30

Author(s):

J. Nithya ◽

Nalini Aswath

Keyword(s):

Surgical Procedures ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Mandibular Canal ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Type I ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Type Iv ◽

Bifid Mandibular Canal ◽

Significant Difference

Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence, location and configuration of bifid mandibular canals so as to avoid injury to the nerve and inadequate anesthesia during surgical procedures. Materials and Methods: CBCT scan of 203 patients (125 males and 78 females) was evaluated for the presence and the type of the bifid mandibular canal. They were classified according to Nortje et al. The prevalence rates were determined according to gender, location, and type of bifid mandibular canal. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS software version 24. Results: The prevalence rate of bifid mandibular canals was found to be 10.3% with 12.8% in males and 6.4% in females. The Chi-square test reveals there is a statistically significant difference between the different locations of bifid mandibular canals and most of the canals were present on the right side. The most frequent type of bifid mandibular canal observed was type II dental canal (38.1%), followed by type III forward canal (28.6%), type I retromolar canal (14.3%), and type IV buccolingual canal (14.3%). Conclusion: CBCT is suggested for a detailed evaluation and identification of bifid mandibular canals before any surgical procedures to avoid post-operative complications.

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Coronal Computed Tomography Analysis of Frontal Cells

American Journal of Rhinology ◽

10.1177/194589240301700310 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 163-168 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

Tanya K. Meyer ◽

Mehmet Kocak ◽

Michelle M. Smith ◽

Timothy L. Smith

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Frontal Sinus ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Type I ◽

Frontal Sinusitis ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Type Iii ◽

Frontal Recess ◽

Type Iv ◽

Anatomic Variants

Background Described by Schaefer in 1916, frontal cells have been implicated as a cause of frontal recess obstruction. In this cross-sectional study, we determine the prevalence of frontal cells and other anatomic variants and examine their relationships. Methods Coronal computed tomography scans of the sinuses performed from January 2000 to June 2001 were evaluated for frontal cells, other anatomic variants, and sinus disease. Of 1009 scans evaluated, 768 scans were included for data collection. Frontal cells were classified. Results In this population, 20.4% of individuals had frontal cells (14.9% had type I, 3.1% had type II, 1.7% had type III, and 2.1% had type IV). The presence of frontal cells was positively associated with hyperpneumatization of the frontal sinus (p = 0.01) and negatively associated with hypopneumatization of the frontal sinus (p < 0.01). Individuals with frontal cells had an increased prevalence of concha bullosa compared with individuals without frontal cells (41.4% versus 24.1%, p < 0.01). The prevalence of frontal mucosal thickening was increased in individuals with type III and type IV cells compared with individuals without frontal cells (38.5 and 69.0% versus 17.1%, p = 0.04 and p < 0.01). Conclusion The prevalence of frontal cells among a population undergoing sinus computed tomography is 20.4%. Frontal cells are associated with other variants of sinonasal pneumatization and should be suspected when these variants are noted. The presence of frontal cells does not invariably lead to frontal sinusitis but may contribute to the mechanical obstruction of the frontal recess and should be appropriately addressed during the surgical management of frontal sinusitis.

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The Study of Sexual Dimorphism in Lip Print Patterns Among Igbos in Anambra State of Nigeria: A Cross-Sectional Study

Journal of Advanced Oral Research ◽

10.1177/2320206820919668 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 240-244

Author(s):

Chijioke Mmadueke Okeke ◽

Onyechege Ann ◽

Ukoha Ukoha Ukoha ◽

Uchechukwu Dimkpa ◽

Ijeoma Enemuo

Keyword(s):

Sex Determination ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Frequent Pattern ◽

Type I ◽

Type Ii ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Type Iii ◽

Type Iv ◽

Significant Difference

Aim: To characterize the lip print pattern in a study population and to ascertain its potential for sex determination. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 300 undergraduate students (144 males and 156 females). Simple random sampling was used. Lip prints were obtained with lipstick and were classified according to Suzuki and Tsuchihashi classification. Data were analyzed with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). The prevalence of lip print patterns was presented as frequencies and percentages, and the test of significance of gender difference was done with chi-square at the 95 percent confidence interval. Result: No two lip print patterns were found to be the same. There was a significant difference in the lip print patterns of females and males. In females, the pattern with the highest frequency was type II (40.4%). This was followed by type I (36.5%), type III (13.5%), type V (7.1%), and type IV (2.6%). In males, the pattern with the highest frequency was type IV (28.5%). This was followed by type III (26.4%), types I and V (each 16.0%), and type II (13.2%). When both sexes were considered together, type II was the most frequent pattern. Conclusion: Lip print is unique to individuals and it has potential for sex determination. The most prevalent patterns in females and males were type II and type IV, respectively.

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Facial nerve branching pattern as seen in parotidectomy in Kashmiri population: our experience

International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery ◽

10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20164808 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 95 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Baba Aijaz Khaliq ◽

Jasif Nisar ◽

Aamir Yousuf ◽

Tabish Maqbool ◽

Rauf Ahmad

Keyword(s):

Facial Nerve ◽

Prospective Study ◽

Type I ◽

Branching Pattern ◽

Main Trunk ◽

Type Iii ◽

Type Iv ◽

Kashmiri Population ◽

Type V ◽

A Prospective Study

Background: A prospective study to analyze the facial nerve branching pattern as seen in various parotidectomy surgeries in Kashmiri population. Main objective was to find out various branching patterns among peripheral branches of facial nerve in parotid tissue so that new young ENT surgeons could get benefited and it should be easy for them to perform parotid surgeries with less complications and unpredictable outcome.Methods: The prospective study was conducted in 35 patients undergoing superficial parotidectomy in our department of otorhinolaryngology GMC Srinagar over a period of one and half year. Facial nerve branching pattern was classified according to the description given by Davis et al. Branching pattern of main trunk was also observed in all cases. Results: The most common type of branching pattern of facial nerve in our study was type I seen in 12 (34.2%) patients, followed by type III seen in 9 (25.7%), followed by type II in 5 (14.2%), type IV in 4 (11.4%) patients, followed by type V in 3 (8.5%) and VI in 2 (5.7%).Conclusions: Type I branching pattern is the most common branching pattern of the facial nerve (34.2%) followed by type III (25.7%), following the pattern as described by Davis. Main trunk was found single in 32 (91.4%%) patients however in 3 (8.57%) patients trunk was dividing in 2 branches before dividing in peripheral branching pattern as described above.

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