scholarly journals RIGHT ATRIAL STRAIN IN A NORMAL ADULT AFRICAN POPULATION AND ITS CORRELATION WITH AGE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mushitu Nyange ◽  
Ruchika Meel
Keyword(s):  
Normal Values ◽  
Black Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
African Population ◽  
Right Atrial ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Black African ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Atrial Strain ◽  
The Right

Background The right atrial longitudinal strain (RALS) has been shown to be a useful parameter to define right atrial (RA) subclinical dysfunction in several cardiovascular disorders prior to changes in traditional RA two dimensional and volumetric parameters. There is a scarcity of data regarding normal values for RALS in a normal African population. Objectives We sought to establish normal values for RALS and its correlation with age, in a Sub-Saharan black African population. Methods This was a retrospective cross-sectional study of 100 normal individuals (recruited as controls for another study) performed at Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital (2017-2019). All echocardiographic measurements were done as per standard guidelines. RALS was measured using Philips QLAB 9 (Amsterdam, The Netherlands) speckle-tracking software. Results Median age was 37.5 years (IQR 26- 46, 60% females). The mean right atrial volume indexed to body surface area (RAVI) was 19.5 ± 5.7 mL/m and the mean RALS was 32.7 ± 10.5%. There was a trend towards decreasing RALS with age (r=-0.15, P=0.129) with no change in RAVI with age ( P=0.27). Males had a tendency towards higher RAVI and RALS measurements compared to females (20.8 ± 6.3 mL/m and 18.7 ± 5.2 mL/m , P=0.07: 34.6 ± 9.6% and 31.4 ± 10.9 %, P=0.141, respectively) . BMI was an independent predictor of RALS on multivariate analysis ( r= -0.43, P =0.003) Conclusion We have defined the normal reference values for RALS in a black population. RALS tended to decrease with age prior to change in RAVI and can serve as a marker of subclinical RA dysfunction . BMI was an important determinant of RALS.

scholarly journals Korelasi antara lebar mesiodistal gigi dengan kecembungan profil jaringan lunak wajah orang Bugis-Makassar

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Susilowati Susilowati ◽  
Sulastry Sulastry
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Weak Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Facial Profile ◽  
Tooth Width ◽  
Soft Tissue Profile ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right

Malocclusion is very closely related to the disharmony of mesiodistaltooth-width with dental arches. It is important to know the mesiodistaltooth widths before establishing the diagnosis and planning oforthodontic treatment. The ultimate goal of orthodontic treatment isfacialesthetic, which is supported by a balanced soft tissue profile. The aim ofthis cross sectional study was to investigate the correlation betweenmesiodistal tooth widths with the convexity of soft tissue profile. Theresult of the study can be used as a reference and guidance inestablishing orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. The numberof sample was 50 (18 males and 32 females), aged 18-27 years old.Criteria for sample selection comprised absence of interproximalcaries/filling, no tooth deformity, aged over 17 years, never undergoorthodontic treatment, the presence of teeth from the right first molarthrough the left first molar, both upper and lower, Buginese orMakassarese people, and Class I Angle malocclusion. Tooth sizemeasurements were performed on study models by using slidingcaliper. The photo of each subject was taken cephalometrically. Theangular measurement was performed on cephalogram, using Subtelny'sanalysis. The soft tissue convexity degree was represented by N-SnPog.The data was processed using SPSS program and tested byindependent t-test and correlation. It can be concluded that the meanvalue of mesiodistal width on males was greater that those on females(p<0.05), the mean of facial convexity degree on males (159.05°) wassmaller than those on females (162.77°), which was different significantly (p<0.05), and there was a very weak correlation (r<0.25) oralmost no correlation between mesiodistal tooth-width and the degree ofsoft tissue facial profile, and it was not significant statistically (p>0.05).

scholarly journals Lung weights and undiagnosed lung lesions in medico-legal autopsies in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
william mawalla ◽  
Henry A. Mwakyoma ◽  
Upendo Massamu
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Left Lung ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Heavy Burden ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Histopathological Studies ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background Medico-legal or forensic autopsy is a special type of autopsy performed under the orders of a legal authority in circumstances involving unnatural, suspicious or criminal deaths. Gross and histopathological studies of viscera in medico-legal autopsies have been observed to serve as crucial tool in the detection of undiagnosed disease conditions and the resulting findings may closely represent the general population. Methods A prospective cross sectional study was carried out at the Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH) department of pathology, to medico-legal autopsies received at the MNH mortuary. The study included 103 cases in an eight month period. Both lungs were weighed for each case and tissue samples were collected from each lobe, in both lungs. Other gross findings were observed and recorded. Tissue sections were made and stained with hematoxylin and eosin and evaluated under a microscope. Results Out of 103 cases studied, 88.3% were male with mean age of 35.8 + 16.6 years. In females, the mean age was 31.6 + 10.4 years. The mean weight of lungs was found to be 627.3 + 138.5g and 591.7 + 129.7g for the right and left lung, respectively, in males. In females, the mean weight of lungs was 616.7 + 166.1g and 583.3 + 155.8g for the right and left lung, respectively. More than half (53.4%) of lung samples had some pathological disease, and the leading diagnosis was pulmonary congestion/oedema (22.3%) followed by lobar pneumonia (18.5%). Age was found to relate with the observed histological diagnosis of the lungs. Conclusion Males, especially the youth and adults are the main victims of medico-legal deaths. The study also revealed high prevalence of undiagnosed lung diseases in victims of medico-legal deaths. These findings may reflect heavy burden of lung diseases in the general population.

scholarly journals Refractive errors and risk factors for myopia in infants aged 1–18 months in Tianjin, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Huo ◽  
Yuanyuan Qi ◽  
Shaozhen Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Visual Development ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Parental History ◽  
Vision Disorder ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background Infancy is the of a child’s visual development. Refractive errors, especially myopia, are a common vision disorder. Thus, the purpose of this study was to explore refractive errors and risk factors for myopia among infants aged 1–18 months in Tianjin, China. Methods A total of 583 infants aged 1–18 months participated in this cross-sectional study at Tianjin Women’s and Children’s Health Center in China from February 2019 to November 2020. Each infant received a complete ophthalmologic examination, and myopia-related risk factors were investigated using a questionnaire. Results A total of 583 eligible infants participated in this study, including 312 (53.5%) boys and 271 (46.5%) girls. There were 164 (28.1%) premature born infants. The mean age was 6.59 ± 4.84 months (range, 1–18 months). The mean spherical equivalent (MSE) for the right eye was 1.81 D ± 1.56 D, with no difference related to sex (P = 0.104). Refractive state showed an average hyperopia of +2.74 ± 1.74 D at early ages, followed by a trend toward less hyperopia, finally reaching +1.35 ± 1.44 D at the age of 18 months (P ≤0.001). The overall prevalence rates of myopia (MSE ≤ −0.50 D), emmetropia (−0.50 D<MSE<+0.50 D), hyperopia (MSE ≥ +2.00 D), and astigmatism (≥ 1.50 D) were 5.1%, 10.8%, 42.7%, and 49.9%, respectively. The chi-square tests showed that gender, gestational age ≥37 weeks, winter birth, prenatal exposure to environmental tobacco smoke, and parental history of high myopia were associated with children’s myopia (P = 0.022, P = 0.023, P = 0.038, P = 0.015, P<0.001, respectively). Conclusions Among Chinese infants in Tianjin, hyperopia and astigmatism were the most frequent refractive errors, and the diopter was lower in individuals with higher age. In a small number of infants with myopia, genetic factors and the prenatal environment were associated with the early onset of myopia.

scholarly journals Can the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cause choroiditis and optic neuropathy?

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 205873922110590
Author(s):  
Kürşad Ramazan Zor ◽  
Gamze Yıldırım Biçer ◽  
Nesrin Tutaş Günaydın ◽  
Erkut Küçük ◽  
Uğur Yılmaz
Keyword(s):  
Choroidal Thickness ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fiber Layer ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Subfoveal Choroidal Thickness ◽  
Rnfl Thickness ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right

Objectives: We aim to investigate the involvement of the choroid and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) in COVID-19 patients using spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between April and June 2020. 40 patients (23 female and 17 male) with COVID-19 and 42 healthy individuals (26 female and 16 male) were included in the study. The OCT scans were performed 4 weeks after the COVID-19 diagnosis. Results: In the COVID-19 group, in the right eyes, the mean nasal choroidal thickness was 295.70 ± 7,046 μm ( p = 0.017), mean subfoveal choroidal thickness was 333.25 ± 6,353 μm ( p = 0.003), mean temporal choroidal thickness was 296.63 ± 6,324 μm ( p = 0.039), and mean RNFL was 89.23 ± 1.30 μm ( p = 0.227). In the left eyes, mean nasal choroidal thickness was 287.88 ± 9,033 μm ( p = 0.267), mean subfoveal choroidal thickness was 333.80 ± 9,457 μm ( p = 0.013), mean temporal choroidal thickness was 298.50 ± 9,158 μm ( p = 0.079), and mean RNFL was 89.48 ± 1,289 μm ( p = 0.092). Compared with the control group, the patient group had significant thickening of the choroidal thickness in all quadrants of the right eyes, and significant thickening of the subfoveal choroidal thickness in the left eyes. There was no significant difference in the RNFL thickness between groups ( p > 0.05). Conclusion: COVID-19 may cause a subclinical involvement in the choroidal layer.

scholarly journals An Anatomic Study of the Facial Nerve Trunk and Branching Pattern in an African Population

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. s-0038-1669465
Author(s):  
Francis Mutahi Thuku ◽  
Fawzia Butt ◽  
Symon W. Guthua ◽  
Mark Chindia
Keyword(s):  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
African Population ◽  
Type I ◽  
Branching Pattern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Black African ◽  
Stylomastoid Foramen ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
And Gender

There are known racial variations in the branching and furcation pattern and the length of the facial nerve (FN) trunk and hardly any studies from the black African population. Surgeries around the FN predispose it to trauma and warrant a detailed anatomy of its branching pattern. Using a descriptive cross-sectional study, a total of 40 FN (20 fresh cadavers) were dissected to record the pattern and length of the FN. The frequency of various patterns of FN using the Davis et al classification was as follows: type I: 10 (25%), type II: 9 (22.5%), type III: 7 (17.5%), type IV: 6 (15%), type V: 2 (5%), and type VI: 6 (15%). The nerve bifurcated in 32(80%) and trifurcated in 8(20%) of the cadavers. There was no statistical difference in the branching patterns ( p = 0.509) and furcation types ( p = 0.414) between the sides and gender. The length of the trunk of the FN measured from the stylomastoid foramen to the bifurcation point was 16.14(−/+ 3.28 mm). The results from this data established a variation in the anatomical branching pattern of the FN in a black Kenyan population.

scholarly journals Spontaneous ovulation and pregnancy in women with polycystic ovarian disease; a cross sectional study

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 359
Author(s):  
Mostafa A. Sleem ◽  
Ibrahim I. Mohamed ◽  
Mahmoud S. Zakherah ◽  
Ahmed M. Abbas ◽  
Momen A. Kamel
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Health Hospital

Background: Polycystic ovary disease (PCOD) is the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age, with a prevalence of approximately 5-10%. This study aims to assess the rate of spontaneous ovulation and pregnancy in patients. The present study was a cross sectional study conducted at Woman's Health Hospital, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.Methods: The current study was a cross sectional study carried out in Assiut Women's Health Hospital between the 1st October 2016 and 31st July 2017. The patients were selected as infertile patients with PCOD. The patient ages range between 20 and 35 years. The BMI is between 18 and 30 Kg/m2. The main outcome measure was the rate of spontaneous ovulation and spontaneous pregnancy in the 3 cycles.Results: The mean age of the study participants was 26.64±4.59 years and the mean BMI was 24.46±2.62Kg/m2. The sonographic ovarian volume was 12.47±0.69 mm3 for the right ovary and 12.74±0.73 mm3 for the left ovary. No difference in the serum FSH, LH, FSH/LH ratio and prolactin over the 3 consecutive cycles. The rate of spontaneous ovulation in the 3 cycles was 6 women (8.6%) and 2 cases (2.8%) became pregnant spontaneously during the study period. There is no statistical significant difference between ovulating and non-ovulating women according to the BMI and ovarian volume.Conclusions: The present study concluded that the rate of spontaneous ovulation was 8.6% in women with PCOD within 3 cycles with no adverse effects of drugs or surgical interference.

scholarly journals MRI feature tracking strain in pulmonary hypertension: utility of combined left atrial volumetric and deformation assessment in distinguishing post- from pre-capillary physiology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai'En Leong ◽  
Luke Howard ◽  
Francesco Lo Guidice ◽  
Holly Pavey ◽  
Rachel Davies ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Left Atrial ◽  
Feature Tracking ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Right Atrial ◽  
Peak Strain ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Left Atrial Strain ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Atrial Strain

Abstract AimsPulmonary hypertension (PH) is dichotomized into pre- and post-capillary physiology by invasive catheterization. Imaging, particularly strain assessment, may aid in classification and be helpful with ambiguous haemodynamics. We sought to define cardiac MRI (CMR) feature tracking biatrial peak reservoir and biventricular peak systolic strain in pre- and post-capillary PH and examine the performance of peak left atrial strain in distinguishing the 2 groups compared to TTE.Methods and resultsRetrospective cross-sectional study from 1 Jan 2015 to 31 Dec 2020; 48 patients (22 pre- and 26 post-capillary) were included with contemporaneous TTE, CMR and catheterization. Mean pulmonary artery pressures were higher in the pre-capillary cohort (55 + 14 mmHg vs 42 + 9 mmHg; p<0.001) as was pulmonary vascular resistance (median 11.7 WU vs 3.7 WU; p<0.001). Post-capillary patients had significantly larger left atria (60 + 22 ml/m2 vs 25 + 9 ml/m2; p<0.001). There was no difference in right atrial volumes between groups (60 + 21 ml/m2 vs 61 + 29 ml/m2; p=0.694), however peak RA strain was lower in post-capillary PH patients (8.9 + 5.5% vs 18.8 + 7.0%; p<0.001). In the post-capillary group, there was commensurately severe peak strain impairment in both atria (LA strain 9.0 + 5.8%, RA strain 8.9 + 5.5%). CMR LAVi and peak LA strain had a multivariate AUC of 0.98 (95% CI 0.89-1.00; p<0.001) for post-capillary PH diagnosis which was superior to TTE.ConclusionCMR volumetric and deformation assessment of the left atrium can highly accurately distinguish post- from pre-capillary PH.

scholarly journals Awareness Related to Cardiometabolic Diseases: A Cross-Sectional Study in Southern Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (19) ◽  
pp. 10209
Author(s):  
Chau Nguyen ◽  
Cornelia Melinda Adi Santoso ◽  
Duyen Vu ◽  
Gergő Szőllősi ◽  
Róbert Bata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Status ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Ho Chi Minh City ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Cardiometabolic Diseases ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right

Background: the prevalence of cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs), such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hypertension, is increasing rapidly in developing countries. This study aims to assess the awareness of CMD among a selected population in Vietnam. Method: a cross-sectional random sample of 402 Vietnamese citizens in two districts (Thu Duc and 12th district) in Ho Chi Minh City were interviewed. Data on knowledge, attitude, and preventive behavior (KAB) of the two conditions were collected through an interview-based questionnaire. Results: the mean ( ± SD) age was 47.75 (± 15.61) years, and around 60.2% were female. Multiple logistic regression was performed to explore the association of sociodemographic factors, disease status, and awareness of the CMD. Females showed better awareness than males (OR = 3.89 (1.28–11.78)), and those with T2DM and hypertension had a significantly better awareness (OR = 8.33 (2.44–28.37)) than those without CMD. Conclusion: the awareness of CMD in our sample was poor. An extensive effort to increase awareness of CMD prevention is needed. Future studies and interventions can be developed more efficiently by targeting the right population.

scholarly journals Head Circumference Features of Under One Year Old Children at Dr. Pirngadi Hospital Medan

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 184-9
Author(s):  
Yulitas Bahtiar ◽  
Marisi Manurung ◽  
Manihar D. Marbun ◽  
Iskandar Z. Lubis ◽  
Bistok Saing
Keyword(s):  
Head Circumference ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Only Children ◽  
Economic Level ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year

A descriptive cross sectional study to have normal values of the bead circumference of under one year old children in Dr. Pirngadi Hospital Medan had been done during january to February 1990. The sample size determined based on formula, was 356 (178 boys and 178 girls). Each sex group was devided proportionally by age in months. Only children with good nutritional status and middle to high socio economic level were included in this study. The mean value of the head circumference is still in the range of the mean of Nellhaus standard. Tbe Nellhaus standard can be used as a standard of bead circumference of under one year old children at Dr. Pirngadi Hospital Medan.

scholarly journals A Sonographic Study of Kidney Dimensions Among Nepalese Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 164-171
Author(s):  
Dil Islam Mansur ◽  
Subindra Karki ◽  
Pragya Shrestha ◽  
Sunima Maskey
Keyword(s):  
Normal Values ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Nepalese Children ◽  
Kidney Dimensions ◽  
Renal Length

Introduction: Any variations in shape or size of either one or both kidneys may indicate sign of its pathology. The study was aimed to determine normal values for renal dimensions among Nepalese children. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of the renal dimensions among 211 children. The length, breadth and thickness of kidneys were measured by computerised in built calliper in centimetre by using ultrasound and volume of the kidney was calculated. Results: The mean values of length, breadth, thickness and volume were 7.05 ± 1.80 cm, 2.95 ± 0.48 cm, 1.35 ± 0.15 cm and 15.09 ± 5.91 cc for right kidneys respectively; and 7.36 ± 1.89 cm, 2.98 ± 1.89 cm, 1.35 ± 0.18 cm and 15.98 ± 6.44 cc for left kidneys respectively. The mean values for length, breadth, thickness and volume of right kidney was 7.57 ± 1.99 cm, 3.11 ± 0.46 cm, 1.38 ± 0.14 cm and 17.38 ± 6.20 cc among boys respectively; and 6.50 ± 1.39 cm, 2.78 ± 0.44 cm, 1.31 ± 0.17 cm and 12.69 ± 4.43 cc among girls respectively. Similarly, these values for length, breadth, thickness and volume of left kidneys were 7.91 ± 2.04 cm, 3.13 ± 0.49 cm, 1.39 ± 0.18 cm and 18.46 ± 6.89 cc among boys respectively; and 6.78 ± 1.52 cm, 2.83 ± 0.45 cm, 1.31 ± 0.17 cm and 13.38 ± 4.73 cc among girls respectively. Conclusions: It was concluded that mean values for renal length and volume was found to be higher on left side than right side in all age groups. These values for renal breadth and thickness were observed almost same on both sides in all age groups. All measurements of renal dimensions were found significantly higher among boys than girls on both sides. This study has provided the reference values for renal sizes among Nepalese children.

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