scholarly journals Severe Hyponatremia and hypokalemia: a potentially fatal clinical and nutrological condition in the emergency room: a case report

2011 ◽  
Vol 04 (03) ◽  
pp. 049-050
Author(s):  
Lafaiete Alves Júnior ◽  
Carlos F. Ferrarini ◽  
Fernando Dipe de Matos ◽  
Maria Fernanda Braggio ◽  
Cleber Trindade de Araujo ◽  
...  

ABSTRACTElectrolyte imbalances are common in clinical practice. However, if untreated they can lead to severe complications including neurologic disturbances, cardiac rhythm alterations and even death. They can be diagnosed by a detailed clinical history, a careful physical examination and serum determinations. Their etiology is broad, including renal and extra-renal losses, use of medication without medical supervision and low intake from foods. The present case describes a patient attended at the emergency room complaining of epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting and weakness that resolved after electrolyte reposition.

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-35
Author(s):  
Luana Silva e Silva dos Anjos ◽  
Gboado Emmanuella Richenel Hermine Akowanou ◽  
Osvaldo Pinto Neto

O termo Abdome Agudo descreve um processo intra-abdominal marcado por dor severa ou progressiva de início súbito que, frequentemente, requer intervenção cirúrgica de emergência. Trata-se de um cenário clínico desafiador e demanda uma abordagem diagnóstica minuciosa, diligente e ágil no intento da determinação da terapia apropriada o mais precoce possível. A história clínica detalhada e o exame físico direcionado conduzem à elaboração de hipóteses que, quando necessário, são confirmadas com a solicitação de exames complementares. Neste sentido, os fenômenos de hipercoagulabilidade neoplásica frequentemente são subestimados, sobretudo em pacientes sem o conhecido diagnóstico de neoplasia. A associação entre doença neoplásica e processos tromboembólicos, que recebe a denominação de síndrome de Trousseau, pode coexistir e até mesmo preceder o diagnóstico da neoplasia em meses ou anos numa incidência que varia consoante as séries de 5% a 15%. No intento de alertar sobre a possibilidade deste diagnóstico, descreve-se uma paciente de 58 anos, sexo feminino, apresentando dor epigástrica súbita e progressiva com irradiação para dorso, cujo exame físico revelou presença de massa volumosa e indolor palpável em fossa ilíaca direita. Com diagnóstico tomográfico de infarto esplênico e hepático e os achados do exame físico, associados à imagem expansiva e infiltrada em fossa ilíaca direita foi possível postular a manifestação da síndrome supracitada induzida por neoplasia de cólon. A paciente evoluiu com trombose venosa profunda em membro inferior esquerdo posteriormente. Em muitos casos a manifestação trombótica é premonitória à doença neoplásica de maneira que, quando bem observada permite a antecipação diagnóstica e terapêutica. Palavras-chave: Abdome agudo; trombofilia; Neoplasias do Cólon. ABSTRACT The term acute abdomen describes an intra-abdominal process marked by severe or progressive onset pain and often requires emergency surgical intervention. It is a challenging clinical setting and requires a thorough, diligent and agile diagnostic approach in an attempt to determine appropriate therapy as early as possible. The detailed clinical history and the directed physical examination lead to the elaboration of hypotheses that, when necessary, are confirmed with the request for complementary examinations. In this case, the neoplastic hypercoagulability phenomena are often underestimated, especially in patients with no diagnosis of neoplasia. The association between neoplastic disease and thromboembolic processes called Trousseau's syndrome, can coexist and even precede the diagnosis of neoplasia in the last months, from 5% to 15%. In an attempt to warn about the possibility of this diagnosis, a 58-year-old female patient with sudden and progressive epigastric pain with irradiation to the back is described, whose physical examination revealed the presence of voluminous mass and palpable pain in the right iliac fossa. The tomographic diagnosis of splenic and hepatic infarction of the physical examination was associated with the expansive image and infiltrated in the iliac fossa, it was possible to postulate a manifestation of Trousseau's syndrome induced by colonic neoplasm. A patient developed deep vein thrombosis in the lower left lower limb. In many cases the thrombotic manifestation is premonitory to the neoplastic disease, when well controlled allows the diagnostic and therapeutic anticipation. Keywords: Abdomen Acute; Thrombophilia; Colonic Neoplasms.


Author(s):  
Seong-Ho Ok ◽  
Miyeong Park ◽  
Hokyung Yu ◽  
Jiyoung Park ◽  
Ju-Tae Sohn ◽  
...  

Careful physical examination of the site of procedure before the caudal pain procedure should be performed because it could show the patient’s abnormal anatomical conditions. An abdominal binder could be used effectively in a patient showing CSF leakage in the coccygeal area, which is not controlled by conventional compressive dressing.


2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. e229849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashraf Nabeel Mahmood ◽  
Osama Abulaban ◽  
Arshad Janjua

Frequent falls and dizziness are common complaints in children. These symptoms can be caused by wide range of underlying pathologies including peripheral vestibular deficits, cardiac disease, central lesions, motor skills delay and psychogenic disorders. We report three paediatric cases who presented with complaints of repeated falls and imbalance. MRI scan revealed underlying brain lesions (frontal lobe arteriovenous malformation, exophytic brain stem glioma and cerebellomedullary angle arachnoid cyst with cerebellar tonsillar ectopia). By reporting these cases, we would like to emphasise the importance of a thorough assessment of children with similar symptoms by detailed clinical history, physical examination and maintaining low threshold for investigations, including radiological imaging. Taking in consideration, the wide range of differential diagnosis, the challenge of obtaining detailed history and difficulty of performing reliable physical examination in this age group. Management of underlying disorders can be medical, surgical or just observational.


2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Md. Mahabubur Rahaman ◽  
Md Rahmat Ullah Siddique ◽  
Md Aminul Islam ◽  
Md. Moksedur Rahman ◽  
Md. Zahed Parvez Barbhuiyan ◽  
...  

Linear psoriasis is a rare form of disease which is very difficult to differentiate from inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal nevus. Sometimes clinical history, physical examination and histopathology analysis may not be sufficient to confirm the diagnosis. We report a case of25 year-old male presented with a linear plaque covered with silvery scales on left upper extremity extending from tip of the index to mid forearm for last 2 years. A skin biopsy was consistent with psoriasis, and the unilateral distribution in a linear pattern led to a diagnosis of linear psoriasis, which is a rare variant of psoriasis. Although histopathologically it can be difficult to distinguish from inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal nevus (ILVEN), linear psoriasis presents in adulthood and responds to conventional topical antipsoriatic therapies.


2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Zito ◽  
Roberto Torchio ◽  
Kassem Bannout ◽  
Stefano Ulisciani ◽  
Marco Guglielmo ◽  
...  

This case report focuses on a 71-year old patient affected by unknown dyspnea and erythrocytosis referred by his general practitioner to our center for specialist advice after a hematological examination had excluded polycythemia vera on grounds of negative test for JAK2 V617F / exon 12 mutation. An accurate clinical history and physical examination accompanied by respiratory function tests resulted in diagnosis of JAK2 V617F mutation negative erythrocytosis, and treatment could be started. The discussion examines decisional algorithms when a polyglobulic patient is referred for diagnosis.


2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-80
Author(s):  
Mariana A. Aquafredda ◽  
Gustavo R. Piñero ◽  
Luis R. Moscote Salazar ◽  
Carolina Polo Torres ◽  
Sandra M. Castella Leones ◽  
...  

The surgery of brain tumours is not free from complications, above all taking into account that today the patients operated are even older and with multiple comorbidities associated. The multidisciplinary preoperative evaluation aims at minimising the risks; nevertheless this evaluation has not yet been defined and is not based on a strong evidence. The detailed clinical history, the physical examination including functional status and the neuroimaging are the fundamental pillars.The more critical complications occur in the immediate postoperative period: cerebral oedema, postoperative haemorrhage, intracranial hypertension and convulsions; other complications, such as pulmonary thromboembolism or infections, develop lately but are not less severe. Every surgical approach has its own complications in addition to the ones common to the whole neurosurgery.


2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (10) ◽  
pp. 1308-1313
Author(s):  
Leonardo Fernandes e Santana ◽  
Mateus de Sousa Rodrigues ◽  
Marylice Pâmela de Araújo Silva ◽  
Rodrigo José Videres Cordeiro de Brito ◽  
Jandir Mendonça Nicacio ◽  
...  

SUMMARY Fever of undetermined origin (FUO) is a challenging entity with a striking presence in hospitals around the world. It is defined as temperature ≥ 37.8 ° C on several occasions, lasting ≥ three weeks, in the absence of diagnosis after three days of hospital investigation or 3 outpatient visits. The main etiologies are infectious, neoplastic, and non-infectious inflammatory diseases. The diagnosis is based on the detailed clinical history and physical examination of these patients, in order to direct the specific complementary tests to be performed in each case. The initial diagnostic approach of the FUO patient should include non-specific complementary exams. Empirical therapy is not recommended (with few exceptions) in patients with prolonged fever, as it may disguise and delay the diagnosis and conduct to treat the specific etiology. The prognosis encompasses mortality of 12-35%, varying according to the baseline etiology.


2018 ◽  
pp. 16-19
Author(s):  
Justin T. Pitman

There is a broad differential for dizziness in any environment. Assessing a thorough history, concurrent medical problems, and careful physical examination can often narrow the possible causes significantly. In the setting of ear pain and recent altitude or pressure change, barotrauma should be suspected. Although most care is supportive, including the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, the Frenzel maneuver and decongestants can help equilibrate inner ear and atmospheric pressures. This chapter examines the case of a woman who presents to the emergency room with ear pain following a recent airplane trip and addresses the patient history, details of the physical exam, diagnosis, and treatment plan.


2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shekhar Bhattacharjee ◽  
Swapna Bhattacharjee

Primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH) is a rare disease which usually presents with  shortness of breath. We report a case of a female patient who presented with dyspnoea. We  diagnosed her as a case of PPH on the basis of detailed history, careful physical examination  and common investigations like electrocardiogram (ECG), chest radiography and Doppler  echocardiograhy.   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jemc.v1i2.11468   J Enam Med Col 2011; 1(2): 81-84


2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 4225
Author(s):  
Naren Karthik K. C. ◽  
Dhinesh Kumar N. ◽  
Boopathi Subbarayan ◽  
Tirou Aroul T.

Acute appendicitis is usually diagnosed on the basis of clinical history, physical examination and results of laboratory tests. The position of the appendix can vary considerably, both in relation to the caecum and because of the inconsistent position of the caecum itself. Acute appendicitis in a mobile caecum can pose a diagnostic dilemma which can lead to delay in appropriate treatment. In this case report, we present a 21 year old male with acute appendicitis and surgically proven to be acute appendicitis in a mobile caecum.


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