scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF MENTAL RETARDATION AMONG CHILDREN IN MANGALORE

2013 ◽  
Vol 03 (04) ◽  
pp. 063-066
Author(s):  
Bhagya B. ◽  
Ramakrishna A.
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Inclusive Education ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Service Planning ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Age Of Diagnosis ◽  
Mentally Retarded Children ◽  
Education Resource

Abstract Objectives: This study determines the prevalence of mental retardation among school going children in Mangalore by sex, age, religion, and location. Distribution of severity of mental retardation and its relationship with age of diagnosis is reported. Materials and methods: The prevalence was obtained from the Inclusive Education Resource Centre reports of 2011. Sex, age, religion and living area were evaluated for each child. Parents of the mentally retarded children were interviewed to record the age of diagnosis. Intelligence Quotient was assessed using Binet Kamat Test, Seguin Form Board and Vineland Social Maturity Scale. Results: The prevalence of mental retardation was 561 of the total disabilities recorded.The prevalence of MR was higher among males than in females (p<0.001). No notable sex difference between rural and urban areas was seen. Prevalence was higher among Hindus and between 9 to 12 years of the age group. Most of them had mild MR (48.15%). Severe and Profound MR were diagnosed at a much earlier age group than in mild and moderate types. Conclusion: This study provides an insight to the school going children with mental retardation. Further research on study of causes for MR is needed for service planning.

Autism and Autistic-like Conditions in Swedish Rural and Urban Areas: a Population Study

1986 ◽  
Vol 149 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne Steffenburg ◽  
Christopher Gillberg
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
General Population ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Brain Dysfunction ◽  
Infantile Autism ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Total Prevalence ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Mentally Retarded Children

The total population of children under 10 years in one Swedish urban area and one rural area was screened for infantile autism (IA) and autistic-like conditions (AC). A total prevalence of 6.6 per 10 000 was found, which is somewhat higher than in previous similar studies of the same region. Infantile autism accounted for two-thirds of the cases. Boys far outnumbered girls, but this was entirely accounted for by the IA group. The preponderance of autistic boys was less pronounced among the severely mentally retarded children. Mental retardation was seen in almost 90% of cases and only one child had an IQ exceeding 100; clinical and laboratory signs of brain dysfunction were also found in a majority of cases. Distribution by social class was no different in either patient group from the general population.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE AND COMPARATIVE STUDY OF MALNOURISHED CHILD BELOW 5 YEARS OF RURAL AND URBAN AREAS OF BIHAR

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajiv Kumar Jha ◽  
Sanjay Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Bottle Feeding ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban

Status of nutrition reflects the status of health of a country. Infant and young child feeding practices are multidimensional and age specific. Inappropriate feeding practices and their consequences are major obstacles to sustainable socioeconomic development and poverty reduction. This study was a step to sort out various prevailing feeding practices and awareness status of the family of child in rural and urban areas of Bihar state among the age group of below 5 Years and their outcome. This study was a hospital based descriptive study carried out in PMCH (OPD and Indoor) Patna Bihar. Total number of participants in our study is 180 in the age group 0-5 years which was further divided into 3 groups according to their age each group (0-6, 6-24, and24-60months), had 60 participants. These groups were further equally divided on the basis of location rural and urban; these Subgroups were further divided into 2 equal subgroups according to sex. In this study variety of food given is 63% and 50% in urban and rural population respectively. It is revealed that population getting variety of food has significantly better outcome in nutritional status rather than population not getting it. This study has revealed that population getting nearly proper consistency and calories are only 53% and 41% in urban and rural areas respectively. Population getting nearly proper consistency and calories has significantly better outcome in nutritional status rather than population not getting it. Prevalent mode of feeding in children below 6 months in non exclusive BREAST feeding is bottle feeding in rural and urban areas. 42% and 50% of urban and rural population BOTTLE feed their children above 6 months respectively bottle feeding significantly affect the outcome i.e. the poor nutritional status as compared to the KATORI spoon feeding. Keywords: Healthy food, varieties of nutritional food intake, Breast feeding practices.

scholarly journals Appreciation of Artistic Genres in Children with Different Perceptual, Contextual and Analytic Intelligence

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
Sudhakar Venukapalli ◽  
K. V. Lilly
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Study ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Learning Experiences ◽  
Art Appreciation ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Aesthetic Responses ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Analytic Intelligence

Children feel wonder and excitement while perceiving an artwork and their aesthetic responses are evident through their spontaneous expressions. During this process, children understand multiple interpretations of familiar themes. Children’s descriptions of artworks are categorised into three levels of appreciation namely, perceptual level, contextual level and analytical level. The objective of the present study is to explore children’s appreciation of art. The quantitative study investigates children’s descriptions of artworks at various levels of art appreciation. The study employs sixty grade IX children from the state of Telangana. The sample selected include equal number of boys and girls from rural and urban areas and they are in the age group of 13-15 years. The stimuli used in the study are artworks depicting landscapes selected from three artistic genres of representational, semi-representational and abstract artworks. Images of artworks are presented randomly to children to elicit their responses. The results of the study showed that representational artworks are better appreciated by children than semi-representational and abstract artworks. The analysis of children’s expressions of artworks at various levels of appreciation reveals that for all three genres of artworks, children are at the perceptual level of appreciation. Statistical analysis of the results illustrates that there are statistically significant differences in appreciation at the perceptual, contextual, and analytical levels of appreciation of three genres of artworks. The findings of the study may be used by educators in providing art learning experiences to children.

Haemophilus influenzae colonization and its risk factors in children aged <2 years in northern India

2008 ◽  
Vol 137 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. SEKHAR ◽  
A. CHAKRABORTI ◽  
R. KUMAR
Keyword(s):  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Carriage Rate ◽  
Socioeconomic Groups ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Northern India ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Target Children

SUMMARYThe disease burden and the age group of children most affected by Haemophilus influenzae remain controversial particularly in many countries of South Asia. Nasopharyngeal carriage of H. influenzae can indicate the transmission dynamics in these settings. In a prospective population-based study, nasopharyngeal swabs from 1000 children aged <2 years, belonging to various socioeconomic groups from rural and urban areas of northern India were taken. The prevalence of H. influenzae carriage was found to be 11·2%. Among these isolates, 69% belonged to type b and the rest were non-typable. The age group most affected was 18–21 months. The carriage rate was influenced by age and socioeconomic factors namely type of housing, overcrowding, and season. Hib carriage is quite common in northern India and it is associated with age, type of housing, overcrowding, and season. Since carriage gets established early, Hib vaccination should target children in early infancy.

scholarly journals The Impact of Schools and Families in the Religions Perceptions of Children in Albania and Kosovo

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Loloçi Rita ◽  
Menada Petro
Keyword(s):  
Religious Education ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

This study aimed to identify children`s perceptions regarding the role of religion in their education, their religious belonging, the parent's role in their religious education, and the attitude they have towards other religions. To gather quantitative data regarding the opinion the 10-14 age children have on religion and religious education, a survey was performed in several schools in Albania and Kosovo urban and rural areas (720 students from 8 schools of Durres, 4 in rural areas, and 473 students from 8 schools of Pristina and the surrounding area). A questionnaire was used to fulfill the purpose of the research regarding the knowledge, attitudes, and the perceptions of 10-14 age group on religious education in schools. At the same time, studies of national and international authors were consulted for a better analysis of the problems raised in the questionnaires such as the role and the importance of intercultural education in the coexistence and the harmony between people of different cultures, the education on The Fundamental Rights, the role of the curricula in schools, the difference between families in the rural and urban areas and the effect of the parents’ education on children. The results of the study showed that children of this age group receive the first knowledge about religion from the family. An irreplaceable role in religious education has the media. The school involvement in giving knowledge on religious beliefs in both studied regions will positively influence pupil’s formation, eliminating this way the violation of other people religion that often is present in our schools and not only. A correlation between the tolerance of parents and the tolerance of their children resulted as the consequence of the care that families show to respect different religions and often even sects.

scholarly journals Statistical evaluation of unemployment problems in Ukraine

2019 ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
Ihor TARLOPOV ◽  
Vlada OLEKSIIENKO
Keyword(s):  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Active Population ◽  
Rural And Urban

The article investigates and analyzes the unemployment rate in Ukraine for a certain period (2000-2018). The general state of the unemployment market of Ukraine is considered. We compared the number of unemployed in rural and urban areas, and identified the causes and methods of overcoming and reducing unemployment. The unemployment rate of Ukraine was compared with the developed countries of the world, namely with Japan, Great Britain, USA and Poland. a comparison of the number of unemployed in rural and urban areas. Labor market and unemployment surveys were conducted. Analyzes the economically active population of Ukraine (2000 - 2018). Different age groups are considered, their economic activity for January - June 2019, it is recognized what age groups prevail in the unemployment market, why they proposed methods of increasing their economic activity. We attributed the economically active population to eight age groups: the first age group - 15-24 years, the second age group - 25 - 29 years, the third age group - 30-34 years, the fourth age group - 35-39 years, the fifth age group - 40-49 years old, sixth age group 50-59 years old, seventh age group 60-69 years old, and the last age group - people 70+ The number of unemployed in rural and urban areas by age group for January - June 2019 is compared, the prevailing and least economically active age group is determined. Based on our research and data analysis, we will be able to offer methods of solving the unemployment problem. Based on the results of the study conducted in this article, we will be able to provide recommendations on how to reduce unemployment among Ukrainians. Unemployment is one of the most pressing problems of modern society, an integral part of a market economy. Based on the data analyzed, the unemployment rate will increase and adversely affect the efficiency of Ukraine's economic activity, if the issue related to overcoming this phenomenon is not resolved. That is why to overcome this phenomenon we need to apply the developed methods.

scholarly journals ANTHROPOMETRIC AND PHYSICAL SKILLS DEVELOPMENT AMONG STUDENTS AGED 10-12 YEARS IN ALBANIA

2020 ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
Rovena Elmazi
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Skills Development ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Fitness Indicators ◽  
Physical Skills

One of the major problems of Albania in this day and age is sedentary life characterizing children, a phenomenon which is observed in this age group in most parts of the world. However, the factors leading to this phenomenon in Albania seem to be of a different nature, as compared to those responsible in most developed countries. In general, a number of factors, such as lack of sports facilities, low economic development of the country and other social factors hinder the participation in physical activity and sport of young children living in rural and urban areas in Albania. While in urban areas technological advance also amounts to some extent to fewer and fewer children engaging in physical activities and sports in urban areas. The study aimed to assess anthropometric and physical skills development of students aged 10-12 years living in rural and urban areas of Albania, and further examine the indicators obtained in order to study how these two groups of children compare to each other. The data gathered through this study are indispensable in revealing the level of obesity, physical preparation and identifying talented athletes. 641 students coming from the primary and secondary school systems were subjected to standard anthropometric measurements (weight/height/BMI) and standard physical fitness tests (push-up, high jump, long jump, horizontal stretch, 30m dash, shuttle run 112 m). Based on BMI standards for children of this age group, it can be observed that children living in rural areas demonstrate a growth in body mass which is within the optimal range level for both boys and girls. Even the physical fitness indicators tested speak for a bigger development of children coming from rural areas as compared to their peers living in the city.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) Infection Among Patients Attending BSMMU, Dhaka

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-55
Author(s):  
Ayesha Begum ◽  
Shahina Tabassum ◽  
Md. Nazrul Islam ◽  
Ms Afzalunnessa
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Study Population

The present study was done to determine the seroprevalence of the infection by Hepatitis E virus (HEV) among patients attending Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Shahbag, Dhaka. Serum samples from 408 subjects, aged between 0-69 years, attending BSMMU from different rural and urban areas of Bangladesh were tested for HEV IgG by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Anti-HEV IgG was found among 20.6% of the study population. A higher rate of seropositivity (26.1%) was found among patients attending from urban than those from rural (15.1%) areas which is statistically significant (P < 0.01). A gradual rise in prevalence of anti-HEV IgG was observed among the study population according to age, starting from 10.6% in the 0-9 years age group and increasing with higher age thereafter. The HEV IgG prevalence reached its highest (28.3%) in the 30-39 years, which remained at around the same level in the 40-49 years (25.0%) and 50-59 years (26.0%), with a drop of incidence in the 60-69 years age group (17.8%). The study indicates HEV infection as a public health problem in Bangladesh and suggests to ensure increased awareness to prevent andcontrol future outbreaks.Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2007; 01 (02): 52-55

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