A STUDY ABOUT COMPARISON OF PHYSICAL PARAMETERS IN YOUTH BASKETBALL PLAYERS IN MITROVICA AND TIRANA

The goal of this comparison study is to find out the differences that exists between two youth U16 basketball team in Tirana and Mitrovica. Data was gathered in 80 youth basketball players for physical parameters. The comparison between Mitrovica team mean values for flexibility on sit and reach test (mean 23.54 cm SD 8.39) and Tirana mean values (mean 22.15 cm SD 6.05) is statistical significant (p ≤ 0.05). Data for speed on 10m test for Mitrovica (mean 1.96 seconds SD 0.18) and Tirana (mean values 2.37 SD 0.26) is statistical significant (p ≤ 0.05). While comparison for speed on 30m test for Mitrovica (mean 4.72 seconds SD 0.36) and Tirana (mean values 5.17 SD 0.39) is statistical significant (p ≤ 0.05). Final data show that youth basketball players from Mitrovica has better results compared to players that play in Tirana.

GENDER COMPARISON STUDY OF ANTHROPOMETRIC PARAMETER IN YOUNG VOLLEYBALL PLAYERS

An important role in whole performance of volleyballers plays the anthropometric parameters. Anthropometric differences mostly define the position and the role of the players in the court. The aim of this study was to determine the difference in some anthropometric parameters of young female volleyball players and young male volleyball players. This study assess 22 young boys volleyballer (17.1± 1.8 SD) and 25 young girls volleyballer (16.9 ± 1.9 SD) located in Tirana. Anthropometric measures assessed were: body-height, body-weight, body-waist circumference. Equipment used for measuring were digital scale with height rod (Health O meter professional scales) and flexible metric tape. Independent samples test and t-test were used to analyze quantitative data. Boys had the mean and SD of body-height (177.95 ± 8.351) while girls showed the mean and SD (165.52 ± 6.593). In terms of body-weight, boys were presented with mean and SD (71.9 ± 8.608) while the girls had the mean and SD (62.39 ± 10.597). Boys displayed a mean value in waist-circumference (81.18 ± 5.413) while girls showed the mean and SD of (73.79 ± 7.475). This research provided an original comparison of anthropometric measurement between boys and girls on young volleyball players where boys had larger mean of body-weight, body-height and body – waist circumference.

AN INVESTIGATION OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION TEACHERS 'PERCEPTION OF ETHICAL LEADERSHIP ACCORDING TO SOME VARIABLES

In this study, it is aimed to examine PE teachers' perceptions of ethical leadership according to some variables. 158 Physical Education teachers selected by simple random method among 250 Physical Education teachers working in primary and high school education institutions affiliated to Isparta Provincial Directorate of National Education participated in the study. As a data collection tool in research; personal information form and ethical leadership scale were used. Participants' scores obtained from personal information and the scale and factor scores are given by determining the frequency (f) and percentage (%) values. In order to determine whether the scores obtained by physical education teachers from the ethical leadership scale differ according to independent variables, the T test was applied in independent groups in paired comparisons, while the one-way Anova test was used to compare three or more variables, and the Bonferoni test was used to determine the difference between groups. According to the statistical processes performed, no significant difference was found in the ethical leadership perceptions of physical education teachers according to the variables of gender and years of service. When ethical leadership perceptions were examined according to the age variable, a significant difference was found between ethics and justice, power sharing subtitles and ethical leadership perceptions total scores. When ethical leadership perceptions were examined according to the marital status variable, a significant difference was found between clarification of duties and roles, subheadings of power sharing and total scores of ethical leadership perceptions. According to the sport type variable, when ethical leadership perceptions were examined, a significant difference was found between the subtitles of ethics and justice, duties and roles, power sharing, and ethical leadership perceptions. As a result, it is thought that the study can contribute to the field in terms of evaluating the ethical leadership perceptions of physical education teachers.

LEGAL SPORTS ASPECTS ON THE AUDIT OF THE ALBANIAN OLYMPIC COMMUNITY BY THE INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS

One of the main factors influencing the determination of the degree of democratization of a country and its economic development is the transparency of decision-making bodies and its free exercise without being influenced by political factors and other related elements. Transparency is the most important element in the exercise of any activity of any budget institution or economic entity, for the fact that it creates credibility and security for the general public in undertaking new initiatives, as well as offers strong grounds for fair and effective powers of all state institutions. To achieve this goal, a stable state approves in its constitutional and legal acts, the creation of special and independent structures with the sole purpose of controlling the legality and efficiency of the activity of any state body or even of private entities. Such special structures help to create a strong and constitutional power that exercises its core activity through independent bodies in full compliance with the legislation in force. It should be acknowledged that often different subjects or institutions exercise their activity by causing irregularities in conformity with the law and thereby violating openly other legal rights arising from them. For the purpose of avoiding and eliminating these abuses, the legislature has created an independent body of Supreme State Audit which enables the exercise of effective control over any activity of state bodies and institutions. This right which enables the exercise of such control in the legal language shall be considered as an audit process.

GROSS MOTOR SKILLS CURRENT LEVEL ON CHILDREN LIVING IN TIRANA EVALUATED BY PARENT SELF REPORT QUESTIONAIRE (DCD)

The purpose of the study is to estimate the current level of gross motor skills of the children living in Tirana. The number of participants were 205 children (99 girls and 106 boys) between the ages 5 years to 8 years. The evaluation of gross motor skills was done by the developmental coordination disorder questionnaire (DCDQ) fulfilled by the parents or educators. The result of the study showed that 67.5 % of boys and 76.1 % of girls throw the ball in a controlled and accurate fashion while 55.5 % of boys and 61.3 % of girls have the skill to catch a small ball (5 scale= extremely like my child). Results show that 64.9% of children perform running easily while by gender only 65% of boys and 62.9 % of girls.

THE MOST COMMON INJURIES IN VOLLEYBALL AND THE STRATEGIES TO PREVENT THEM. Literature review

Volleyball is known for its benefit in health but on the other hand it is associated with a risk for injuries both acute and overused. Strategies to reduce or prevent the occurrence of acute and overuse injuries are very important in this field because it decrease the loss-time in competitions. The purpose of this study is to identified which are the most common volleyball injuries and the strategies that support the prevention of damages in this sport. Researches are selected through Scopus, PubMed, Google scholar and Web of Science. There are included articles from different countries focused on injuries in volleyball. There are many injuries occur in volleyball but most of the researches considering in this study evaluates ankles sprain as the most common injuries in volleyball. Even though the other injuries are not so much left behind. An important approach to prevent all injuries in amount of 40% in doing an appropriate warm-up and considering it as an important part of the training session. The information in this research contributes to trainers, researchers and coaches who want to make a prevention program addressing to the most common injuries in volleyball in order to reduce the number of incidents in this sport.

GENDER COMPARISON OF BODY HEIGHT CHARACTERISTICS IN ALBANIAN CHILDREN AGED 6.5-15.5 YEARS OLD

Growth is a multifaceted process, where development in body size leads to morphological and functional changes. The aim of this scientific paper is to create a references database on the current status on body height of Albanian children (6.5-15.5 years old) and to compare the current status of body height by gender. The study aimed at recruiting a large sample of Albanian children. The sample was between 6.3 and 15.7 years old and originated from 23 schools in Albania (n = 10585). Body height was measured using a digital stadiometer/scale (Health O Meter Professional 500KL, Health O Meter Products Inc., Bedford Heights, OH, USA). Height was measures to the nearest 0.1 cm. The results of this study show that the comparison between boys and girls presents significant changes (p ≤ 0.05 ٭) for these age groups; boys taller than girls aged 7, 8, 8.5, 9; girls taller than boys aged 11.5- 12.5 years while boys taller than girls aged 13.5- 15.5 years, Comparison data by gender showed that boys have the highest value of the difference in the average increase in body height at the age of 15.5 years with a value of 10.5 cm (p ≤ 0.05 ٭) compared to girls while girls have the highest value of the difference in the increase in the average body height in age 11.5 years with a value of 2.6 cm (p ≤ 0.05 ٭) compared to boys.

ANTHROPOMETRIC AND PHYSICAL SKILLS DEVELOPMENT AMONG STUDENTS AGED 10-12 YEARS IN ALBANIA

One of the major problems of Albania in this day and age is sedentary life characterizing children, a phenomenon which is observed in this age group in most parts of the world. However, the factors leading to this phenomenon in Albania seem to be of a different nature, as compared to those responsible in most developed countries. In general, a number of factors, such as lack of sports facilities, low economic development of the country and other social factors hinder the participation in physical activity and sport of young children living in rural and urban areas in Albania. While in urban areas technological advance also amounts to some extent to fewer and fewer children engaging in physical activities and sports in urban areas. The study aimed to assess anthropometric and physical skills development of students aged 10-12 years living in rural and urban areas of Albania, and further examine the indicators obtained in order to study how these two groups of children compare to each other. The data gathered through this study are indispensable in revealing the level of obesity, physical preparation and identifying talented athletes. 641 students coming from the primary and secondary school systems were subjected to standard anthropometric measurements (weight/height/BMI) and standard physical fitness tests (push-up, high jump, long jump, horizontal stretch, 30m dash, shuttle run 112 m). Based on BMI standards for children of this age group, it can be observed that children living in rural areas demonstrate a growth in body mass which is within the optimal range level for both boys and girls. Even the physical fitness indicators tested speak for a bigger development of children coming from rural areas as compared to their peers living in the city.