scholarly journals Incidence and Pattern of Bacterial Growth in Propofol Vial - An In vitro Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 06 (02) ◽  
pp. 051-056
Author(s):  
U. S. Raveendra ◽  
Rashmi Soori ◽  
Vimal Kumar Karnekar ◽  
Swathi N. Nayak ◽  
Anand Bangera
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Bacillus Species ◽  
Febrile Episodes

Abstract Introduction- Propofol vials are often used in parts or are opened and left unattended. This has lead to blood stream infections, surgical site infections and acute febrile episodes. A prospective observational study was undertaken to know the incidence and pattern of bacterial growth in samples of Propofol in tropical climate. Materials and methods- Samples were collected from vials of propofol of different brands, both with and without edetate at different time intervals with relation to room temperature. Each sample of 1ml were inoculated in Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) and incubated for 48hours. Presence of bacterial growth and their pattern were studied. Statistical analysis used- Paired t test for categorical variables and for non categorical variables Levine's test and Pearson correlation. Results- Overall 42.26% of samples showed bacterial growth. The incidence was more in samples of propofol without edetate (43.75%) compared to samples with edetate (41.97 %). Most common organism was Staphylococcus aureus, followed by Enterococcus, Acinetobacter, Bacillus species, Pseudomonas and Staphylococcus citrus. Conclusion- Propofol vial once opened favours bacterial colonisation and growth. Adding edetate to propofol has not shown much benefit in decreasing the incidence.

scholarly journals Contaminação microbiológica de fios retratores: um estudo in vitro

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Marina Lucia Cumerlato ◽  
Darlene Ribeiro dos Santos Gerzson ◽  
Edison Maciel Nunes De Souza Filho ◽  
Everton Ribeiro Dos Santos ◽  
Marina Lucia Cumerlato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Dental Care ◽  
Growth Analysis ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study

OBJECTIVE: Dental care has been particularly concerned with sterilization of instruments and materials. In this context, the methods used for infection control are essential to ensure patients’ safety. This in vitro study aimed to test gingival retraction cords taken from factory- sealed containers for the presence of contamination. Three commercial brands of retraction cords were analyzed: Retraflex®, Pró-Retract®, and Ultrapack®.METHODS: The sample consisted of 10 1-cm segments of retraction cords of each commercial brand (n = 30). For bacterial growth analysis, 30 test tubes containing sterile brain heart infusion (BHI) as the culture medium were used. Bacterial growth was considered positive in tubes in which the BHI broth became turbid.RESULTS: Of 30 test tubes with retraction cords, six showed turbidity  and were considered contaminated: three tubes with Retraflex®, one tube with Pro-Retract®, and two tubes with Ultrapack®, accounting for 20% of the total sample.CONCLUSIONS: The present findings showed that some retraction cords received from the manufacturers were contaminated with microorganisms. Thus, extra caution should be taken when using these materials, and further studies should be conducted.

An In Vitro Analysis of Sodium Hypochlorite Decontamination for the Reuse of Implant Healing Abutments

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Almehmadi
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Bacterial Culture ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Streptococcus Sanguis ◽  
Implant Dentistry ◽  
Vitro Analysis

Abstract The re-use of healing abutments (HAs) has become common practice in implant dentistry for economic concerns and the aim of this in-vitro study was to assess the effect of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) in decontamination of HAs. 122 HAs (Used and sterilized n=107; New n=15) were procured from 3 centers, of which 3 samples were discarded due to perforation in sterilization pouch.  For sterility assessment, the used HAs (n=80) were cultured in Brain Heart Infusion Broth (BHI) and Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA), bacterial isolates were identified in 7 samples. Also, 24 used HAs were stained with Phloxine B, photographed and compared to new HAs (n=5). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) assessed the differences between the two sets of HAs, following which the 7 contaminated HAs along with 24 used HAs from staining experiment (Total=31) were subsequently treated with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and SEM images were observed. About 8.75% of HAs tested positive in bacterial culture; Streptococcus sanguis, Dermabacter hominis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, and Aspergillus species were isolated. Phloxine B staining was positive for used and sterilized HAs when compared to controls. The SEM images revealed deposits in the used HAs and although treatment with NaOCl eliminated the contamination of cultured HAs, the SEM showed visible debris in the HA thread region. This in-vitro study concluded that SEM images showed debris in used HAs at screw-hole and thread regions even though they tested negative in bacterial culture. The treatment with NaOCl of used HAs showed no bacterial contamination but the debris was observed in SEM images. Future studies on the chemical composition, biological implications, and clinical influence is warranted before considering the reuse of HAs.

Identifying Phenotypically Distinct Fibroblast Subsets in Type 2 Diabetes–Associated Iatrogenic Laryngotracheal Stenosis

2021 ◽  
pp. 019459982110147
Author(s):  
Ioan A. Lina ◽  
Alexandra Berges ◽  
Rafael Ospino ◽  
Ruth J. Davis ◽  
Kevin M. Motz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Phenotypic Expression ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Cell Protein ◽  
Laryngotracheal Stenosis ◽  
Tertiary Referral Center

Objective Iatrogenic laryngotracheal stenosis (iLTS) is the pathologic narrowing of the glottis, subglottis, and/or trachea secondary to intubation or tracheostomy related injury. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are more likely to develop iLTS. To date, the metabolomics and phenotypic expression of cell markers in fibroblasts derived from patients with T2DM and iLTS are largely unknown. Study Design Controlled in vitro cohort study. Setting Tertiary referral center (2017-2020). Methods This in vitro study assessed samples from 6 patients with iLTS who underwent surgery at a single institution. Fibroblasts were isolated from biopsy specimens of laryngotracheal scar and normal-appearing trachea and compared with controls obtained from the trachea of rapid autopsy specimens. Patients with iLTS were subcategorized into those with and without T2DM. Metabolic substrates were identified by mass spectrometry, and cell protein expression was measured by flow cytometry. Results T2DM iLTS-scar fibroblasts had a metabolically distinct profile and clustered tightly on a Pearson correlation heat map as compared with non-T2DM iLTS-scar fibroblasts. Levels of itaconate were elevated in T2DM iLTS-scar fibroblasts. Flow cytometry demonstrated that T2DM iLTS-scar fibroblasts were associated with higher CD90 expression (Thy-1; mean, 95%) when compared with non-T2DM iLTS-scar (mean, 83.6%; P = .0109) or normal tracheal fibroblasts (mean, 81.1%; P = .0042). Conclusions Scar-derived fibroblasts from patients with T2DM and iLTS have a metabolically distinct profile. These fibroblasts are characterized by an increase in itaconate, a metabolite related to immune-induced scar remodeling, and can be identified by elevated expression of CD90 (Thy-1) in vitro.

scholarly journals Effect of cannulation site on emboli travel during cardiac surgery

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mira Puthettu ◽  
Stijn Vandenberghe ◽  
Stefanos Demertzis
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Air Bubbles ◽  
Arterial Tree ◽  
Air Bubble ◽  
Cannulation Site ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Background During cardiac surgery, micro-air emboli regularly enter the blood stream and can cause cognitive impairment or stroke. It is not clearly understood whether the most threatening air emboli are generated by the heart-lung machine (HLM) or by the blood-air contact when opening the heart. We performed an in vitro study to assess, for the two sources, air emboli distribution in the arterial tree, especially in the brain region, during cardiac surgery with different cannulation sites. Methods A model of the arterial tree was 3D printed and included in a hydraulic circuit, divided such that flow going to the brain was separated from the rest of the circuit. Air micro-emboli were injected either in the HLM (“ECC Bubbles”) or in the mock left ventricle (“Heart Bubbles”) to simulate the two sources. Emboli distribution was measured with an ultrasonic bubble counter. Five repetitions were performed for each combination of injection site and cannulation site, where air bubble counts and volumes were recorded. Air bubbles were separated in three categories based on size. Results For both injection sites, it was possible to identify statistically significant differences between cannulation sites. For ECC Bubbles, axillary cannulation led to a higher amount of air bubbles in the brain with medium-sized bubbles. For Heart Bubbles, aortic cannulation showed a significantly bigger embolic load in the brain with large bubbles. Conclusions These preliminary in vitro findings showed that air embolic load in the brain may be dependent on the cannulation site, which deserves further in vivo exploration.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the bending strength of rigid internal fixation with absorbable and metallic screws in mandibular ramus sagittal split osteotomy: in vitro study

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petrus Pereira Gomes ◽  
Rubens Guimarães Filho ◽  
Renato Mazzonetto
Keyword(s):  
Internal Fixation ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Mandibular Ramus ◽  
Sagittal Split Osteotomy ◽  
Group I ◽  
Strength Tests ◽  
Student’S T

The aim of this study was to evaluate, in vitro, the bending strength of internal fixation with absorbable and metallic screws in mandibular ramus sagittal split osteotomy in sheep hemimandibles. The screws were inserted as lag screws, with an inverted "L" configuration, and the set was submitted to bending strength tests. The load and displacement of the peak and final load averages were, respectively, 18.45 kgf, 8.19 mm and 14.38 kgf for Group I, and 16.67 kgf, 6.73 mm and 13.98 kgf for Group II. The results were submitted to statistical analysis by Student’s t test and by the Pearson correlation analysis. The groups showed no statistically significant differences, indicating the feasibility of both for osteosynthesis in mandibular ramus sagittal split osteotomies.

scholarly journals Microbial Adhesion on Different Bracket Types in vitro

2009 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 915-921 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janvan Gastel ◽  
Marc Quirynen ◽  
Wim Teughels ◽  
Martine Pauwels ◽  
Wim Coucke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Microbial Adhesion ◽  
Type D ◽  
High Adhesion ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Orthodontic Patients ◽  
Pigmented Bacteria

Abstract Objective: To test the hypothesis that there are differences in total bacterial counts and capacity for biofilm formation between seven different bracket types. Material and Methods: By means of an in vitro experiment, seven commercially available bracket systems (Damon [A], Clarity [B], Mystique [C], Speed [D], Victory MBT [E], Micro-loc [F], and Generus [G]) were compared. A total of 25 premolar brackets of each bracket system were incubated in brain heart infusion medium containing the saliva and bacteria of two orthodontic patients. After 72 hours, the amounts of aerobe and anaerobe bacteria were determined by counting the colony-forming units (CFU). The CFU ratio (aerobe/anaerobe) also was calculated, and the black pigmented bacteria were analyzed. Results: Significant differences between the different bracket types in terms of biofilm formation were found. Bracket types can be arbitrarily divided into low, intermediate, and high plaque-retaining brackets. The group with low adhesion consists of bracket types E, F, and G; the group with high adhesion of bracket types A, B, and C; and type D exhibits intermediate adhesion. The group with high microbial adhesion (A, B, and C) did present significantly lower CFU ratios (aerobe/anaerobe) than were exhibited by the other bracket systems (P < .05). Conclusion: The hypothesis is accepted. Orthodontic brackets serve as different loci for biofilm formation; in this in vitro study, significant differences were noted between the different types of brackets.

scholarly journals Remineralizing Effect of Xilitol, Juniperus Communis and Camellia Sinensis Added to a Toothpaste: An In Vitro Study

2018 ◽  
pp. 97-105
Author(s):  
Sandra I. Jiménez-Gayosso DDS ◽  
Edith Lara-Carrillo DDS, MSc, PhD ◽  
Rogelio J. Scougall-Vilchis DDS, MSc, PhD ◽  
Raúl A. Morales-Luckie BS Chem, PhD ◽  
Carlo E. Medina Solís DDS, MSc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Juniperus Communis ◽  
Pearson Correlation Test ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
The One

The aim of this study was to explore the remineralizing effect of toothpastes based on Xilitol, Camellia Sinensis and Juniperus Communis. An in vitro experimental study was carried out in an 18 human premolars sample, which were treated with one of the 3 evaluated toothpastes and a control fluoride one. The atomic percentages of Ca and P were evaluated by Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS). In addition, the enamel surface of treated teeth was visualized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The evaluations were carried out in three stages: pre-treatment, after an artificial demineralization process and after the treatment with the toothpastes. In the statistical analysis, the one-way ANOVA and Pearson correlation tests were used. Xilitol and Juniperus Communis showed the greatest gain of P ions compared to the control group (p<0.01). As for Ca, the group treated with xylitol-based toothpaste showed more ion gain compared with the control group (p<0.01). In the Pearson correlation test between Ca and P, statistically significant correlations were observed in all groups (p<0.01), ranging between r=0.7413 (Xylitol Group) and r=0.9510 (Control Group). We concluded that Xylitol paste showed the highest remineralizing property, both in the EDS analysis and in the SEM images.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Two Root Canal Filling Pastes in Deciduous Teeth: an in Vitro Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Andréia Bolzan de Paula ◽  
Janaina De Cássia Orlandi Sardi ◽  
Mariana Minatel ◽  
Regina Maria Puppin-Rontani
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Antimicrobial Property ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Deciduous Teeth ◽  
Root Canal Filling ◽  
Agar Diffusion Test

<p>Endodontic treatment in deciduous teeth is very important so that we can preserve the primary dentition and thus promote appropriate craniofacial development. However, the use of filling pastes that have some important biological properties for the preservation of the tooth is required. The objective this study was to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activity of two root canal filling pastes in deciduous teeth, Vitapex® and Calcipex®, on microbial species commonly found in endodontic infections (Candida albicans, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus), using the agar diffusion test. The experiment was carried out on BHI (Brain Heart Infusion) plates in four equidistant points, which were immediately filled with the sealers Vitapex® and Calcipex®. The<br />chlorhexidine gluconate 1% (CHX) and distilled water were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. After incubation of plates at 37 °C for 24 h, the diameter of the growth inhibition zones around the wells was measured (in millimeters) with a digital caliper with reflected light. The test was performed in triplicate and data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey’s test (α = 0.05). Both pastes had antimicrobial activity, but Calcipex® was more efficient for most strains. The halo formed in the experiments with S. mutans and S. sanguinis was similar for both pastes. This study suggests that Calcipex® had the highest antimicrobial property with respect to the microorganisms studied.</p>

scholarly journals Inoculation of mother’s own milk could personalize pasteurized donor human milk used for feeding preterm infants

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Mallardi ◽  
C. Tabasso ◽  
P. Piemontese ◽  
S. Morandi ◽  
T. Silvetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Donor Human Milk ◽  
Mother’S Own Milk

Abstract Background Human milk is a vehicle for bioactive compounds and beneficial bacteria which promote the establishment of a healthy gut microbiome of newborns, especially of preterm infants. Pasteurized donor human milk (PDHM) is the second-best option when preterm mother’s own milk is unavailable. Since pasteurization affect the microbiological quality of donor milk, PDHM was inoculated with different preterm milk samples and then incubated, in order to evaluate the effect in terms of bacterial growth, human milk microbiome and proteolytic phenomena. Methods In an in-vitro study PDHM was inoculated at 10% v/v using ten preterm milk samples. Microbiological, metataxonomic and peptidomic analyses, on preterm milk samples at the baseline (T0), on PDHM and on inoculated milk (IM) samples at T0, after 2 h (T1) and 4 h (T2) of incubation at 37 °C, were conducted. Results IM samples at T2 showed a Total Bacterial Count not significantly different (p > 0.01) compared to preterm milk samples. At T2 lactic acid bacteria level was restored in all IM. After inoculation, metataxonomic analysis in IM samples showed that Proteobacteria remained the predominant phylum while Firmicutes moved from 3% at T1 to 9.4% at T2. Peptidomic profile of IM resembled that of PDHM, incubated for the same time, in terms of number and type of peptides. Conclusion The study demonstrated that inoculation of PDHM with mother’s own milk could restore bacterial growth and personalize human milk microbiome in PDHM. This effect could be beneficial because of the presence of maternal probiotic bacteria which make PDHM more similar to mother’s own milk.

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