scholarly journals Inoculation of mother’s own milk could personalize pasteurized donor human milk used for feeding preterm infants

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Mallardi ◽  
C. Tabasso ◽  
P. Piemontese ◽  
S. Morandi ◽  
T. Silvetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Donor Human Milk ◽  
Mother’S Own Milk

Abstract Background Human milk is a vehicle for bioactive compounds and beneficial bacteria which promote the establishment of a healthy gut microbiome of newborns, especially of preterm infants. Pasteurized donor human milk (PDHM) is the second-best option when preterm mother’s own milk is unavailable. Since pasteurization affect the microbiological quality of donor milk, PDHM was inoculated with different preterm milk samples and then incubated, in order to evaluate the effect in terms of bacterial growth, human milk microbiome and proteolytic phenomena. Methods In an in-vitro study PDHM was inoculated at 10% v/v using ten preterm milk samples. Microbiological, metataxonomic and peptidomic analyses, on preterm milk samples at the baseline (T0), on PDHM and on inoculated milk (IM) samples at T0, after 2 h (T1) and 4 h (T2) of incubation at 37 °C, were conducted. Results IM samples at T2 showed a Total Bacterial Count not significantly different (p > 0.01) compared to preterm milk samples. At T2 lactic acid bacteria level was restored in all IM. After inoculation, metataxonomic analysis in IM samples showed that Proteobacteria remained the predominant phylum while Firmicutes moved from 3% at T1 to 9.4% at T2. Peptidomic profile of IM resembled that of PDHM, incubated for the same time, in terms of number and type of peptides. Conclusion The study demonstrated that inoculation of PDHM with mother’s own milk could restore bacterial growth and personalize human milk microbiome in PDHM. This effect could be beneficial because of the presence of maternal probiotic bacteria which make PDHM more similar to mother’s own milk.

scholarly journals Inoculation of Mother’s Own Milk Could Personalize Microbiological, Metataxonomic and Peptidomic Profile of Pasteurized Donor Human Milk Used for Feeding Preterm Infants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domenica Mallardi ◽  
Chiara Tabasso ◽  
Pasqua Piemontese ◽  
Stefano Morandi ◽  
Tiziana Silvetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Donor Human Milk ◽  
Peptidomic Analysis ◽  
Mother’S Own Milk

Abstract Background Human milk is a vehicle of bioactive compounds and beneficial bacteria which promote the establishment of a healthy gut microbiome of newborns, especially of preterm infants. Pasteurized donor human milk (PDHM) is the second-best option when preterm mother’s own milk is unavailable. Since pasteurization affect the quality of donor milk, the effect on bacterial growth, human milk microbiota diversity and proteolytic phenomena in PDHM inoculated with different preterm milk samples, was evaluated. Methods Ten preterm milk samples was used to perform inoculation of PDHM at 10% v/v. Microbiological, metataxonomic and peptidomic analysis, on preterm milk samples at the baseline (T0) and PDHM and inoculated milk (IM) samples at T0, after 2h (T1) and 4h (T2) of incubation at 37°C, were conducted. Results IM samples at T2 showed a Total Bacterial Count not significantly different (p > 0.01) compared to preterm milk samples. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) level was restored in all IM at T2. After inoculation, metataxonomic analysis showed that Proteobacteria remained the predominant phylum while Firmicutes moved from 3% at T1 to 9.4% at T2 in IM samples. Peptidomic profile of IM resembled that of PDHM incubated for the same time in terms of number and type of peptides. Conclusion The study demonstrated that inoculation with fresh mother’s own milk could restore bacterial growth and personalize human milk microbiome in PDHM. This effect could be beneficial thanks to the presence of maternal probiotic bacteria which make PDHM more similar to mother’s own milk.

Cariogenic Potential of Stored Human Milk—An In-Vitro Study

2007 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amitha Hegde ◽  
Rani Vikyath
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Buffer Capacity ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Lactating Mothers ◽  
Duration Of Storage ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Ph Buffer

Human milk samples collected from ten lactating mothers in the K. S. Hegde Medical Hospital, Mangalore were divided into five different parts and stored at different temperatures for varying durations. The pH,buffer capacity and growth of Streptococcus mutans were assessed in each of these samples. There was a fall in pH of human milk stored at various temperatures. The buffer capacity of human milk increased with duration of storage. There was an increase in Streptococcus colony count in stored human milk proportional to the duration of storage and it increased more rapidly in case of milk stored at higher temperatures (0°C -4°C) compared to the milk stored in the freezer (-19°C). Milk samples stored at room temperature for 6 hours and in the freezer at -19°C for 2 weeks were found to be relatively safe.

scholarly journals Inadequate Content of Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) of Donor Human Milk for Feeding Preterm Infants: A Comparison with Mother’s Own Milk at Different Stages of Lactation

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1300
Author(s):  
Félix Castillo ◽  
Félix-Joel Castillo-Ferrer ◽  
Begoña Cordobilla ◽  
Joan Carles Domingo
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Mature Milk ◽  
Donor Human Milk ◽  
Milk Banking ◽  
Mother’S Own Milk

A cross-sectional single-center study was designed to compare the fatty acids profile, particularly docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels, between milk banking samples of donor human milk and mother’s own milk (MOM) for feeding preterm infants born before 32 weeks’ gestation. MOM samples from 118 mothers included colostrum (1–7 days after delivery), transitional milk (9–14 days), and mature milk (15–28 days and ≥29 days). In the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) group, the levels of α-linolenic acid (C18:3 n3) and DHA (C22:6 n3) showed opposite trends, whereas α-linolenic acid was higher in donor human milk as compared with MOM, with increasing levels as stages of lactation progressed, DHA levels were significantly lower in donor human milk than in MOM samples, which, in turn, showed decreasing levels along stages of lactation. DHA levels in donor human milk were 53% lower than in colostrum. Therefore, in preterm infants born before 32 weeks’ gestation, the use of pasteurized donor human milk as exclusive feeding or combined with breastfeeding provides an inadequate supply of DHA. Nursing mothers should increase DHA intake through fish consumption or nutritional supplements with high-dose DHA while breastfeeding. Milk banking fortified with DHA would guarantee adequate DHA levels in donor human milk.

scholarly journals Changes in Antisecretory Factor in Human Milk During the Postpartum and Length of Gestation

2021 ◽  
pp. 089033442110213
Author(s):  
Anna Gustafsson ◽  
Ewa Johansson ◽  
Ewa Henckel ◽  
Stefan Lange ◽  
Kajsa Bohlin
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Mature Milk ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Donor Human Milk ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
Antisecretory Factor

Background Preterm infants are more susceptible to inflammatory complications than term infants. Human milk contains numerous bioactive components protecting the newborn infant. Antisecretory factor, a protein regulating secretory and inflammatory processes by complex binding with complement factors, is present in human milk. Research Aims To describe antisecretory factor (1) in mother’s own milk in term and preterm infants; and (2) in donor milk before and after Holder pasteurization. Methods The study was prospective, longitudinal, explorative, and descriptive. Antisecretory factor-compleasome was determined using sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in longitudinal human milk samples over 12 weeks from mothers ( N = 87) of term ( n = 41) and of preterm ( n = 46) infants and 20 anonymized donor human milk samples before and after Holder pasteurization. Results Antisecretory factor-compleasome was overall higher in colostrum versus mature milk ( p < .001) and no difference was found in term or preterm colostrum ( p = .82). In mature milk, compleasome was higher and more variable in the preterm group ( p = .01). After Holder pasteurization, compleasome levels increased ( p < .001). Conclusion Antisecretory factor followed the pattern of other immunological factors with high levels in colostrum. After preterm birth, levels of antisecretory factor were higher and more variable in mature milk. Holder pasteurization did not degrade antisecretory factor, indicating preserved anti-inflammatory properties in donor human milk.

scholarly journals Frozen Mother’s Own Milk Can Be Used Effectively to Personalize Donor Human Milk

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica F. Torrez Lamberti ◽  
Natalie A. Harrison ◽  
Marion M. Bendixen ◽  
Evon M. DeBose-Scarlett ◽  
Sharon C. Thompson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Beneficial Bacteria ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Fresh Sample ◽  
Donor Human Milk ◽  
Culture Independent ◽  
Mother’S Own Milk

Feeding preterm infants mother’s own milk (MOM) lowers rates of sepsis, decreases necrotizing enterocolitis, and shortens hospital stay. In the absence of freshly expressed MOM, frozen MOM (FMOM) is provided. When MOM is unavailable, preterm infants are often fed pasteurized donor human milk (DHM), rendering it devoid of beneficial bacteria. We have previously reported that when MOM is inoculated into DHM to restore the live microbiota [restored milk (RM)], a similar microbial diversity to MOM can be achieved. Yet, it is unknown if a similar diversity to MOM can be obtained when FMOM is inoculated into DHM. The goal of this study was to determine whether a similar microbial composition to MOM could be obtained when FMOM is used to personalize DHM. To this end, a fresh sample of MOM was obtained and divided into fresh and frozen fractions. MOM and FMOM were inoculated into DHM at different dilutions: MOM/FMOM 10% (RM/FRM10) and MOM/FMOM 30% (RM/FRM30) and incubated at 37°C. At different timepoints, culture-dependent and culture-independent techniques were performed. Similar microbiota expansion and alpha diversity were observed in MOM, RM10, and RM30 whether fresh or frozen milk was used as the inoculum. To evaluate if microbial expansion would result in an abnormal activation on the innate immune system, Caco-2 epithelial cells were exposed to RM/FRM to compare interleukin 8 levels with Caco-2 cells exposed to MOM or DHM. It was found that RM samples did not elicit a significant increase in IL-8 levels when compared to MOM or FMOM. These results suggest that FMOM can be used to inoculate DHM if fresh MOM is unavailable or limited in supply, allowing both fresh MOM and FMOM to be viable options in a microbial restoration strategy.

scholarly journals A clinical audit of the growth of preterm infants fed predominantly pasteurised donor human milk v. those fed mother’s own milk in the neonatal intensive care unit

2019 ◽  
Vol 121 (09) ◽  
pp. 1018-1025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan L. Lloyd ◽  
Eva Malacova ◽  
Ben Hartmann ◽  
Karen Simmer
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Growth Velocity ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Clinical Audit ◽  
Donor Human Milk ◽  
Weight Growth ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mother’S Own Milk

AbstractPreterm infants whose mothers are unable to produce sufficient breast milk are increasingly being supplemented with pasteurised donor human milk (PDHM) instead of commercial preterm infant formula. Concerns have been raised that this practice can result in reduced growth. This retrospective clinical audit collected data from the medical records of a cohort of preterm infants (≤30 weeks gestational age) receiving either ≥28 d of PDHM (n 53) or ≥28 d of their mother’s own milk (MOM, n 43) with standard fortification supplied to both groups during admission. Weight growth velocity was assessed from regained birth weight to 34+1 weeks’ postmenstrual age (PMA); and weight, length and head circumference were compared at discharge and 12 months (corrected age). At 34+1 weeks’ PMA, the weight growth velocity (g/kg per d) was significantly lower in the PDHM group (15·4 g/kg per d, 95 % CI 14·6, 16·1) compared with the MOM group (16·9 g/kg per d, 95 % CI 16·1, 17·7, P=0·007). However, the increase was still within clinically acceptable limits (&gt;15 g/kg per d) and no significant difference was observed in the weight between the two groups. There was no significant difference in weight between the groups at discharge or at the 12-month corrected gestational age review. Although we demonstrated a significant reduction in the weight growth velocity of preterm infants receiving PDHM at 34 weeks’ PMA, this difference is not present at discharge, suggesting that the growth deficit is reduced by supplementation before discharge.

Simultaneous pasteurization and homogenization of human milk by combining heat and ultrasound: effect on milk quality

2010 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Czank ◽  
Karen Simmer ◽  
Peter E Hartmann
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Milk Proteins ◽  
Food Preservation ◽  
Secretory Iga ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Laser Scattering ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Donor Human Milk ◽  
Preservation Technique ◽  
Ultrasound Effect

The combination of ultrasound and heat (thermoultrasound) is an emerging food preservation technique that retains higher quantities of bioactive components compared with current thermal pasteurization practice, but has not yet been assessed for pasteurizing human milk. Artificially contaminated human milk samples were treated with ultrasound (20 kHz, 150 watts) with and without heating. The retention of four human milk proteins was quantified by biochemical assay and laser scattering particle sizing was used to determine the extent of homogenization. While ultrasonic treatment was effective at inactivating Escherichia coli (D4 °C=5·94 min), Staphylococcus epidermidis exhibited resistance (D4 °C=16·01 min). Thermoultrasonic treatment was considerably more effective (Esch. coli D45 °C=1·74 min, D50 °C=0·89 min; Staph. epidermidis D45 °C=2·08 min, D50 °C=0·94 minutes) with a predicted retention (2·8 min treatment, 50°C) of secretory IgA lysozyme, lactoferrin and bile salt stimulated lipase of 91, 80, 77, and 45%, respectively. Homogenization of the milk samples occurred after 5 min and 2 min of ultrasonic and thermoultrasonic treatment, respectively. Thermoultrasonic treatment is an effective method for pasteurizing donor human milk and retaining a greater proportion of bioactive components compared with current practices. However, further studies are required to assess the practicality of applying this technique routinely to donor human milk.

scholarly journals Tolerance of preterm formula versus pasteurized donor human milk in very preterm infants: a randomized non-inferiority trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simonetta Costa ◽  
Luca Maggio ◽  
Giovanni Alighieri ◽  
Giovanni Barone ◽  
Francesco Cota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Very Preterm Infants ◽  
Very Preterm ◽  
Donor Human Milk ◽  
Preterm Formula

scholarly journals Impact of Donor Human Milk in the Preterm Very Low Birth Weight Gut Transcriptome Profile by Use of Exfoliated Intestinal Cells

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Parra-Llorca ◽  
María Gormaz ◽  
Sheila Lorente-Pozo ◽  
Maria Cernada ◽  
Ana García-Robles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Intestinal Cells ◽  
Donor Human Milk ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Alpha Gene ◽  
Cytosolic Factor

Background: Own mother’s milk (OMM) is the optimal nutrition for preterm infants. However, pasteurized donor human milk (DHM) is a valid alternative. We explored the differences of the transcriptome in exfoliated epithelial intestinal cells (EEIC) of preterm infants receiving full feed with OMM or DHM. Methods: The prospective observational study included preterm infants ≤ 32 weeks’ gestation and/or ≤1500 g birthweight. Total RNA from EEIC were processed for genome-wide expression analysis. Results: Principal component analysis and unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis revealed two clustered groups corresponding to the OMM and DHM groups that showed differences in the gene expression profile in 1629 transcripts. The OMM group overexpressed lactalbumin alpha gene (LALBA), Cytochrome C oxidase subunit I gene (COX1) and caseins kappa gene (CSN3), beta gene (CSN2) and alpha gene (CSN1S1) and underexpressed Neutrophil Cytosolic Factor 1 gene (NCF1) compared to the DHM group. Conclusions: The transcriptomic analysis of EEIC showed that OMM induced a differential expression of specific genes that may contribute to a more efficient response to a pro-oxidant challenge early in the postnatal period when preterm infants are at a higher risk of oxidative stress. The use of OMM should be strongly promoted in preterm infants.

Donor Human Milk for Preterm Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 130 (2) ◽  
pp. e462-e462 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. McGuire
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Donor Human Milk
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