Quantitative Musculoskeletal Tumor Imaging

AbstractThe role of quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) techniques continues to grow and evolve in the evaluation of musculoskeletal tumors. In this review we discuss the MRI quantitative techniques of volumetric measurement, chemical shift imaging, diffusion-weighted imaging, elastography, spectroscopy, and dynamic contrast enhancement. We also review quantitative PET techniques in the evaluation of musculoskeletal tumors, as well as virtual surgical planning and three-dimensional printing.

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Trimodality PET/CT/MRI and Radiotherapy: A Mini-Review

Frontiers in Oncology ◽

10.3389/fonc.2020.614008 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

Author(s):

Pierre Decazes ◽

Pauline Hinault ◽

Ovidiu Veresezan ◽

Sébastien Thureau ◽

Pierrick Gouel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Performance ◽

Organs At Risk ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Observer Agreement ◽

Positron Emission ◽

Pet Ct ◽

Anatomical Images ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽

Planning Ct ◽

Ct And Mri

Computed tomography (CT) has revolutionized external radiotherapy by making it possible to visualize and segment the tumors and the organs at risk in a three-dimensional way. However, if CT is a now a standard, it presents some limitations, notably concerning tumor characterization and delineation. Its association with functional and anatomical images, that are positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), surpasses its limits. This association can be in the form of a trimodality PET/CT/MRI. The objective of this mini-review is to describe the process of performing this PET/CT/MRI trimodality for radiotherapy and its potential clinical applications. Trimodality can be performed in two ways, either a PET/MRI fused to a planning CT (possibly with a pseudo-CT generated from the MRI for the planning), or a PET/CT fused to an MRI and then registered to a planning CT (possibly the CT of PET/CT if calibrated for radiotherapy). These examinations should be performed in the treatment position, and in the second case, a patient transfer system can be used between the PET/CT and MRI to limit movement. If trimodality requires adapted equipment, notably compatible MRI equipment with high-performance dedicated coils, it allows the advantages of the three techniques to be combined with a synergistic effect while limiting their disadvantages when carried out separately. Trimodality is already possible in clinical routine and can have a high clinical impact and good inter-observer agreement, notably for head and neck cancers, brain tumor, prostate cancer, cervical cancer.

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Comparison Between 18F-Dopa and 18F-Fet PET/CT in Patients with Suspicious Recurrent High Grade Glioma: A Literature Review and Our Experience

Current Radiopharmaceuticals ◽

10.2174/1874471012666190115124536 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 220-228 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Laura Evangelista ◽

Lea Cuppari ◽

Luisa Bellu ◽

Daniele Bertin ◽

Mario Caccese ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Case Series ◽

High Grade Glioma ◽

High Grade ◽

True Negative ◽

Fet Pet ◽

Positron Emission ◽

Pet Ct ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽

Definition Of ◽

Sensitivity Specificity

Purpose: The aims of the present study were to: 1- critically assess the utility of L-3,4- dihydroxy-6-18Ffluoro-phenyl-alanine (18F-DOPA) and O-(2-18F-fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine (18F-FET) Positron Emission Tomography (PET)/Computed Tomography (CT) in patients with high grade glioma (HGG) and 2- describe the results of 18F-DOPA and 18F-FET PET/CT in a case series of patients with recurrent HGG. Methods: We searched for studies using the following databases: PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus. The search terms were: glioma OR brain neoplasm and DOPA OR DOPA PET OR DOPA PET/CT and FET OR FET PET OR FET PET/CT. From a mono-institutional database, we retrospectively analyzed the 18F-DOPA and 18F-FET PET/CT of 29 patients (age: 56 ± 12 years) with suspicious for recurrent HGG. All patients underwent 18F-DOPA or 18F-FET PET/CT for a multidisciplinary decision. The final definition of recurrence was made by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and/or multidisciplinary decision, mainly based on the clinical data. Results: Fifty-one articles were found, of which 49 were discarded, therefore 2 studies were finally selected. In both the studies, 18F-DOPA and 18F-FET as exchangeable in clinical practice particularly for HGG patients. From our institutional experience, in 29 patients, we found that sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 18F-DOPA PET/CT in HGG were 100% (95% confidence interval- 95%CI - 81-100%), 63% (95%CI: 39-82%) and 62% (95%CI: 39-81%), respectively. 18F-FET PET/CT was true positive in 4 and true negative in 4 patients. Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for 18F-FET PET/CT in HGG were 100%. Conclusion: 18F-DOPA and 18F-FET PET/CT have a similar diagnostic accuracy in patients with recurrent HGG. However, 18F-DOPA PET/CT could be affected by inflammation conditions (false positive) that can alter the final results. Large comparative trials are warranted in order to better understand the utility of 18F-DOPA or 18F-FET PET/CT in patients with HGG.

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Three-dimensional Printing-Driving Liver Therapies

Current Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/0929867328666210419124246 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 28 ◽

Author(s):

Xiaohong Li ◽

Liang Wen ◽

Jiao Liu ◽

Xiaohong Wang

Keyword(s):

Liver Diseases ◽

Effective Means ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

3D Bioprinting ◽

Three Dimensional Printing ◽

Bottle Neck ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽

End Stage ◽

Bioartificial Livers ◽

Dimensional Printing

: End-stage liver diseases have long been a threat to human health, and so far, the treatment of these diseases lacks of effective means. Allogenic organ transplantation has become the last straw for most of the patients with end-stage liver diseases. However, this technique has been greatly limited by the serious shortage of donors and other factors, such as immune rejection, drug syndrome, and high cost. Recently, the emergence of three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting technologies, together with the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) techniques, has driven the rapid growth of this field toward liver therapies. There are several basic requirements for liver 3D bioprinting. From information collection of diseased livers, to 3D printing of liver substitutes (containing the major structural, material and functional characters), and to clinical applications, suitable ‘bioinks’ and ‘bioprinters’ have played essential roles. In this review, we highlight the advanced ‘bioinks’ and ‘bioprinters’ that have been used for vascularized and innervated liver tissue 3D bioprinting. Further studies for the incorporation of biliary networks in the bioartificial livers have been emphasized. It is expected that when all the bottle-neck problems for liver 3D bioprinting are solved, batch (i.e. mass) and personalized production of bioartificial livers will make it very easy to treat end-stage liver diseases.

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[18F]Fluoromethylcholine PET/CT for CNS lymphoma assessment: a new tool

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.73232.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

pp. 1137

Author(s):

Kirsty Marshall ◽

Bhupinder Sharma ◽

Thomas Millard ◽

Sahil Chhabda ◽

Fayed Sheikh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grey Matter ◽

Response Assessment ◽

Complete Response ◽

Cns Lymphoma ◽

Residual Tumour ◽

Alternative Mode ◽

Positron Emission ◽

Pet Ct ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽

Cns Lymphomas

Background Central nervous system (CNS) lymphomas are a rare subset of lymphoma, which are associated with a poor outcome. The gold standard for CNS imaging is with gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); however, there are a number of limitations, including some patients with small persistent abnormalities from scarring due to focal haemorrhage or from a previous biopsy, which can be difficult to discern from residual tumour. [18F]Fluoromethylcholine positron emission tomography–computed tomography (FCH-PET/CT) uses an analogue of choline, which due to the upregulation of choline kinase in tumour cells, allows increased uptake of FCH. As there is minimal background grey matter uptake of FCH, FCH-PET/CT can be used in CNS imaging and provide a useful tool for response assessment. Methods This is a cohort study, where we identified 40 patients with a diagnosis of primary or secondary CNS lymphoma between 1st November 2011 and 10th October 2019. Results 26 of the 40 patients (65%) had concordant results. Of the discordant results, 11 out of 14 had partial response (PR) on MRI but showed a metabolic complete response (mCR) on FCH-PET. The overall response rates (ORR) were similar between the two modalities (90% for MRI versus 95% with FCT-PET/CT). Conclusion We conclude that FCH-PET/CT is a reasonable alternative mode of imaging to gadolinium-enhanced MRI brain imaging, providing a new tool for assessment of CNS lymphoma.

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Ultrasonic image analysis and image-guided interventions

Interface Focus ◽

10.1098/rsfs.2011.0025 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 1 (4) ◽

pp. 673-685 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

J. Alison Noble ◽

Nassir Navab ◽

H. Becher

Keyword(s):

Image Analysis ◽

Imaging Modality ◽

Medical Image Analysis ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Clinical Information ◽

Image Guided ◽

Software Algorithms ◽

Positron Emission ◽

Imaging Research ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

The fields of medical image analysis and computer-aided interventions deal with reducing the large volume of digital images (X-ray, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography and ultrasound (US)) to more meaningful clinical information using software algorithms. US is a core imaging modality employed in these areas, both in its own right and used in conjunction with the other imaging modalities. It is receiving increased interest owing to the recent introduction of three-dimensional US, significant improvements in US image quality, and better understanding of how to design algorithms which exploit the unique strengths and properties of this real-time imaging modality. This article reviews the current state of art in US image analysis and its application in image-guided interventions. The article concludes by giving a perspective from clinical cardiology which is one of the most advanced areas of clinical application of US image analysis and describing some probable future trends in this important area of ultrasonic imaging research.

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Radiology of the head and neck

10.1093/med/9780199682874.003.0218 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 973-976

Author(s):

Ivan Zammit-Maempel

Keyword(s):

Head And Neck ◽

Imaging Techniques ◽

Cone Beam Ct ◽

Neck Mass ◽

Positron Emission ◽

Pet Ct ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽

Video Fluoroscopy

Various imaging techniques are used in the staging and follow-up of head and neck cancer and evaluating patients presenting with a neck mass. The workhorses in imaging the neck are ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with positron emission tomography CT (PET-CT) increasingly being requested. Plain radiographs, contrast studies, video fluoroscopy, angiography, and cone beam CT have limited but important roles. This chapter discusses the role of some of these modalities.

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Advanced Imaging and Receipt of Guideline Concordant Care in Women with Early Stage Breast Cancer

International Journal of Breast Cancer ◽

10.1155/2016/2182985 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Elizabeth Trice Loggers ◽

Diana S. M. Buist ◽

Laura S. Gold ◽

Steven Zeliadt ◽

Rachel Hunter Merrill ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Adjuvant Chemotherapy ◽

Early Stage ◽

Breast Mri ◽

Advanced Imaging ◽

Positron Emission ◽

Younger Age ◽

Pet Ct ◽

Estrogen Receptor Positive ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Objective.It is unknown whether advanced imaging (AI) is associated with higher quality breast cancer (BC) care.Materials and Methods.Claims and Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results data were linked for women diagnosed with incident stage I-III BC between 2002 and 2008 in western Washington State. We examined receipt of preoperative breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or AI (defined as computed tomography [CT]/positron emission tomography [PET]/PET/CT) versus mammogram and/or ultrasound (M-US) alone and receipt of guideline concordant care (GCC) using multivariable logistic regression.Results.Of 5247 women, 67% received M-US, 23% MRI, 8% CT, and 3% PET/PET-CT. In 2002, 5% received MRI and 5% AI compared to 45% and 12%, respectively, in 2008. 79% received GCC, but GCC declined over time and was associated with younger age, urban residence, less comorbidity, shorter time from diagnosis to surgery, and earlier year of diagnosis. Breast MRI was associated with GCC for lumpectomy plus radiation therapy (RT) (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.08–2.26, andp=0.02) and AI was associated with GCC for adjuvant chemotherapy for estrogen-receptor positive (ER+) BC (OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.17–2.59, andp=0.01).Conclusion.GCC was associated with prior receipt of breast MRI and AI for lumpectomy plus RT and adjuvant chemotherapy for ER+ BC, respectively.

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