scholarly journals Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (04) ◽  
pp. 568-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq ◽  
Ziad A. Memish
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Zoonotic Pathogen ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

AbstractEmerging infectious diseases continue to be of a significant importance worldwide with the potential to cause major outbreaks and global pandemics. In 2002, the world had witnessed the appearance of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus in China which disappeared abruptly within 6 months. About a decade later, a new and emerging novel coronavirus named the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) was described in a patient from Saudi Arabia. These two coronaviruses shared multiple similarities in the epidemiology, clinical presentations, and posed challenges in its prevention and management. Seven years since its discovery, MERS-CoV continues to be a lethal zoonotic pathogen capable of causing severe pneumonia with high case fatality rates and the ability to cause large health care-associated outbreaks.

scholarly journals Does the novel coronavirus 2019 like heart more than the other family members of coronaviruses?

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-157
Author(s):  
Mohammad Mostafa Ansari Ramandi ◽  
Mohammadreza Baay ◽  
Nasim Naderi
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The World ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Coronavirus Infections

The disaster due to the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) around the world has made investigators enthusiastic about working on different aspects of COVID-19. However, although the pandemic of COVID-19 has not yet ended, it seems that COVID-19 compared to the other coronavirus infections (the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome [MERS] and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome [SARS]) is more likely to target the heart. Comparing the previous presentations of the coronavirus family and the recent cardiovascular manifestations of COVID-19 can also help in predicting possible future challenges and taking measures to tackle these issues.

Recent Patents and Advances on Nanotechnologies against Coronavirus

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roozbeh Abedini-Nassab ◽  
Naeemeh Mahdaviyan
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Infected People ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is one of the seven known coronaviruses infecting humans; HKU1, 229E, NL63, OC43, acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and SARS-CoV-2, the last three of which can cause severe symptoms in patients. COVID-19, previously known as 2019 novel coronavirus, caused by SARS-CoV-2, was first reported in Wuhan, China, in late 2019, and quickly resulted in a major epidemic across the world. Although the origin of SARS-CoV-2 is not clear yet, genome sequencing results suggest that this is the third reported spillover of an animal coronavirus to humans, from 2002. The development of detection, therapeutic, and prevention strategies for COVID-19 is a fundamental task towards curing infected people and competing with the pandemic. Because of their similarities, scientists believe that treatment/detection methods similar to what were used against the illnesses caused by SARS-CoV or MERS-CoV may be effective for curing/detecting COVID-19. Here, we review the recent nanotechnology techniques used for treating and testing SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2, and potential therapeutic options for curing COVID-19.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Pandemic Between Severity Facts and Prophylaxis

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 1934578X2110412
Author(s):  
Hui Liu ◽  
Wenxia Zhu ◽  
Yilin Wu ◽  
Caini Jiang ◽  
Lili Huo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Infectious Virus ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Healthy Nutrition ◽  
The World ◽  
Seasonal Flu ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Nutrition Habits

Before COVID-19, many viruses have infected humans, so what caused COVID-19 to be considered as a pandemic? COVID-19 belongs to the coronavirus family that includes severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS). This family has caused a large number of deaths all over the world. How risky is the novel coronavirus? People and their careers were disrupted, and many businesses all over the world are now closed. From here, it seems to us that this virus is something that can make people feel afraid. In this article, we will try to understand the severity of this virus, and then disclose the available ways to confront it and ways that might improve the ability to face it, either now or in the future. Upon comparing COVID-19 with seasonal flu, we have found that COVID-19 is about 10 times more deadly, although it is not the most infectious virus. In this review, we will discuss how healthy nutrition and lifestyle may help to prevent and treat diseases, and especially COVID-19. We will focus on how to follow healthy nutrition habits and lifestyles to stop the dangers of COVID-19.

COVID -19 infection: Epidemiology, Virology, Clinical Features, Diagnosis and Pharmacological Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avneet Kaur ◽  
Vijay Bhalla ◽  
Mohammed Salahuddin ◽  
Syed Obaidur Rahman ◽  
Faheem Hyder Pottoo
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Pharmacological Treatment ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Present Review ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Potential Therapeutics

Abstract:: Coronavirus was first discovered during the year 1930 and since then vrious coronaviruses like HKU1, MERS-CoV , NL63 and SARS-CoV-2 had been found to infect humans. The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 is spreading at an alarming rate thereby created health emergency around the world. SARS-CoV2 is reportedly to be originated from wet animal market of Wuhan, China. Since then the world is searching for effective way to manage and treat the COVID-19 infection. The infections has already multiplied with several folds compared to the number of person infected by Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome. In order to fill the gap of knowledge about this virus, several evidences are required to control it so more lives could be saved. The present review is based on the publicly available literature in order to explore the knowledge regarding epidemiology, virology, diagnosis, clinical features, pharmacological and therapeutic ways to treat the novel coronavirus. This can be helpful in offering novel insights and potential therapeutics in fighting this disease.

Hypothesis: Designation of Liposomal Scavenger System for Fighting against 2019-nCoV

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nooshin Bagherani ◽  
Bruce R. Smoller
Keyword(s):  
Septic Shock ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Organ Failure ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
The Family ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

: 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), also known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or COVID-19 virus, is a member of the family Coronaviridae, which is responsible for the current pandemic of disease COVID-19. It is the seventh member of the family Coronaviridae, which infects humans, after 229E, OC43, NL63, HKU1, SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Fever, dry cough and severe pneumonia are seen as common symptoms at the early stages of COVID-19. Some cases progress to acute respiratory stress syndrome, septic shock, organ failure, and death. The development of an effective treatment or vaccination for treating or preventing this lethal condition is an urgent need in order to fight this crisis. Up to now, some effective vaccines with different efficacy profiles have been introduced. Herein, we have theoretically designed a scavenger system for gathering 2019-nCoVs, breaking them, and re-introducing them to the immune system.

scholarly journals Coronaviruses – a new old menace

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Golke ◽  
Karolina Piekarska ◽  
Tomasz Dzieciątkowski
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Global Impact ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

current pandemic caused by novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has been described as a global health emergency. The outbreak of this virus has raised a number of questions: what exactly is SARS-CoV-2? How transmissible the novel coronavirus is? How severely affected are patients infected with SARS-CoV-2? What are the risk factors for COVID-19? What are the differences between this novel coronavirus and other coronaviruses? To answer these questions, a comparative study of three pathogenic coronaviruses that primarily invade the human respiratory system and may cause death, namely, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-1), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). This review describes the source of origin, transmission, and pathogenicity of these viruses. Prevention of SARS-CoV-2 spreading entails home isolation of suspected cases and those with mild illnesses and strict infection control measures at hospitals that include contact and droplet precautions. The novel coronavirus spreads faster than its two predecessors – the SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV – but has lower fatality rate. The global impact of this new pandemic is still uncertain, but it is a challenge to healthcare systems around the world.

scholarly journals A comparison of COVID-19, SARS and MERS

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingting Hu ◽  
Ying Liu ◽  
Mingyi Zhao ◽  
Quan Zhuang ◽  
Linyong Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Hubei Province ◽  
World Health ◽  
Atypical Pneumonia ◽  
Organization Studies ◽  
Optimal Method ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

In mid-December 2019, a novel atypical pneumonia broke out in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China and was caused by a newly identified coronavirus, initially termed 2019 Novel Coronavirus and subsequently severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). As of 19 May 2020, a total of 4,731,458 individuals were reported as infected with SARS-CoV-2 among 213 countries, areas or territories with recorded cases, and the overall case-fatality rate was 6.6% (316,169 deaths among 4,731,458 recorded cases), according to the World Health Organization. Studies have shown that SARS-CoV-2 is notably similar to (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus) SARS-CoV that emerged in 2002–2003 and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) that spread during 2012, and these viruses all contributed to global pandemics. The ability of SARS-CoV-2 to rapidly spread a pneumonia-like disease from Hubei Province, China, throughout the world has provoked widespread concern. The main symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) include fever, cough, myalgia, fatigue and lower respiratory signs. At present, nucleic acid tests are widely recommended as the optimal method for detecting SARS-CoV-2. However, obstacles remain, including the global shortage of testing kits and the presentation of false negatives. Experts suggest that almost everyone in China is susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection, and to date, there are no effective treatments. In light of the references published, this review demonstrates the biological features, spread, diagnosis and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 as a whole and aims to analyse the similarities and differences among SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV to provide new ideas and suggestions for prevention, diagnosis and clinical treatment.

scholarly journals Covid-19: The Wuhan Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-253
Author(s):  
Tooba Masood
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Virus ◽  
Prevention Guidelines

Coronavirus belongs to a large family of viruses that usually cause respiratory illness in human beings that can be mild and severe depending upon the strain. In 2002, the outbreak of SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) reported more than 8000 infected cases with 774 mortalities. In 2012, the outbreak of MERS (middle east respiratory syndrome) infected around 2494 people and 858 deaths were reported according to the WHO. In January 2020, a new strain of coronavirus named 2019-nCoV has been identified in China. The number of confirmed cases has been increasing reaching 5,593,631 cases worldwide with 353,334 deaths up till 28th May 2020 according to WHO situation report-129. Concerned authorities are working on minimizing its spread. Prevention guidelines have been released by WHO, hoping to control the transmission and save the world from the effects of this novel virus.

scholarly journals Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV): State of the Science

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Mostafa ◽  
Ahmed Kandeil ◽  
Mahmoud Shehata ◽  
Rabeh El Shesheny ◽  
Abdallah M. Samy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Common ◽  
Mode Of Transmission ◽  
State Of The Science

Coronaviruses belong to a large family of viruses that can cause disease outbreaks ranging from the common cold to acute respiratory syndrome. Since 2003, three zoonotic members of this family evolved to cross species barriers infecting humans and resulting in relatively high case fatality rates (CFR). Compared to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV, CFR = 10%) and pandemic Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, CFR = 6%), the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) has scored the highest CFR (approximately 35%). In this review, we systematically summarize the current state of scientific knowledge about MERS-CoV, including virology and origin, epidemiology, zoonotic mode of transmission, and potential therapeutic or prophylactic intervention modalities.

scholarly journals A comprehensive review about SARS-CoV-2

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 625-648
Author(s):  
SK Manirul Haque ◽  
Omar Ashwaq ◽  
Abdulla Sarief ◽  
Abdul Kalam Azad John Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Gastrointestinal Infections ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Host Interaction ◽  
The World ◽  
Severe Fever

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was first identified in China, December 2019. Since then, it has spread the length and breadth of the world at an unprecedented, alarming rate. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2, which causes COVID-19, has much in common with its closest homologs, SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome-CoV. The virus–host interaction of SARS-CoV-2 uses the same receptor, ACE2, which is similar to that of SARS-CoV, which spreads through the respiratory tract. Patients with COVID-19 report symptoms including mild-to-severe fever, cough and fatigue; very few patients report gastrointestinal infections. There are no specific antiviral strategies. A few strong medications are under investigation, so we have to focus on proposals which ought to be taken to forestall this infection in a living host.

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