scholarly journals Material of Choice in Pediatric Cranioplasty

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anooja Abdul Salam ◽  
Imogen Ibbett ◽  
Nova Thani
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Online Tool ◽  
Native Bone ◽  
Skull Defects ◽  
Synthetic Materials ◽  
Optimum Material

Abstract Background Current evidence is lacking regarding the optimum material required for cranioplasty in the pediatric population when native bone cannot be replaced. The aim of our survey was to examine current practice in Australia and New Zealand regarding pediatric cranioplasty material. Methods The online tool SurveyMonkey was used to survey 244 neurosurgeons in Australasia. The survey consisted of five questions concerning preference of material and donor origin for pediatric cranioplasty. Results Twenty-two neurosurgeons (9%) participated. The results indicate that with small skull defects (< 3 cm) in patients aged 0 to 2years, conservative management with observation alone is the preferred option (65%). In patients aged 3 to 10 years, autologous donor bone was the most popular option, whereas for 11+ years, hydroxyapatite (HA) was the material of choice, followed by titanium. For defects of more than 3 cm, autologous donor bone was preferred in under 11 years. In patients older than 11 years, titanium was the preferred choice (46.67%). The preferred donor origin for autologous cranioplasty in small skull defects (< 3 cm) was split calvarial grafts for all age groups. However, 68.42% of respondents managed those under 2 years conservatively. In large skull defects (> 3 cm), the preferred donor origin was split calvarial grafts for patients older than 3 years (48.3%). In patients aged 0 to 2 years, exchange cranioplasty was the preferred option when cranioplasty was performed. Conclusion The current practice in Australia and New Zealand is to use autologous donor bone in preference to synthetic materials for cranioplasty in children under 11 years. In children older than 11 years, hydroxyapatite and titanium are the materials of choice.

scholarly journals Pediatric Primary Hepatic Tumors: Diagnostic Considerations

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 333
Author(s):  
Bryony Lucas ◽  
Sanjita Ravishankar ◽  
Irina Pateva
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Hepatic Tumors ◽  
Common Site ◽  
The Third ◽  
Abdominal Tumors

The liver is the third most common site of abdominal tumors in children. This review article aims to summarize current evidence surrounding identification and diagnosis of primary hepatic tumors in the pediatric population based upon clinical presentation, epidemiology, and risk factors as well as classical imaging, histopathological, and molecular diagnostic findings. Readers will be able to recognize the features and distinguish between benign and malignant hepatic tumors within different age groups.

Recovery of Vocal Cord Motion Among Pediatric Patients

2021 ◽  
pp. 000348942110333
Author(s):  
Courtney Ann Prestwood ◽  
Ashley B. Brown ◽  
Romaine F. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Cord ◽  
Spontaneous Recovery ◽  
Vocal Cord Paralysis ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Symptom Improvement ◽  
Patient Counseling ◽  
Early Recovery ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Recovery Group

Objectives: Patients with vocal cord paralysis can experience feeding, respiratory, and vocal problems leading to disability and decreased quality of life. Current evidence suggests waiting a period of 12 months for spontaneous recovery before permanent interventions. This study aims to determine the time to recover spontaneously and vocal cord movement in a pediatric population and create a model for evidence-based patient counseling. Study Design: Retrospective longitudinal cohort study. Methods: The report is a single institution longitudinal study on vocal cord paralysis recovery. Patients were categorized based on spontaneous recovery with vocal cord movement or no recovery. Recovery rates were determined using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: Of 158 cases of vocal cord paralysis over a 4-year period, 36 had spontaneous recovery with symptom improvement and motion return. The average recovery was 8.8 months for those who recovered, and 78% recovered within 9 months. Two groups emerged from the data: an early recovery group with spontaneous recovery before 12 months and a late recovery group after 12 months. Children with dysphonia and paralysis due to cardiac surgery were less likely to recover, and children with aspiration were more likely to recover. Children with gastrointestinal comorbidities were less likely to recover; however, those who did recover were more likely to have recovered after 12 months. Based on our model, there is about a 3% chance of recovery between 9 and 12 months. Conclusions: Patients should be counseled about earlier interventions. Waiting the conventional 12 months for only a 3% chance of spontaneous recovery without intervention or laryngeal EMG may not be the preferred option for some patients and their families.

scholarly journals Gynecologic Malignancies in Children and Adolescents: How Common is the Uncommon?

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 722
Author(s):  
Christoph Wohlmuth ◽  
Iris Wohlmuth-Wieser
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Prognostic Indicators ◽  
Gynecologic Malignancies ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Disease Stages ◽  
Malignant Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Vaginal Neoplasms

The aim of this study is to assess the projected incidence and prognostic indicators of gynecologic malignancies in the pediatric population. In this population-based retrospective cohort study, girls ≤18 years with ovarian, uterine, cervical, vaginal and vulvar malignancies diagnosed between 2000 and 2016 were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER)-18 registry. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to analyze overall survival (OS). The age-adjusted annual incidence of gynecologic malignancies was 6.7 per 1,000,000 females, with neoplasms of the ovary accounting for 87.5%, vagina 4.5%, cervix 3.9%, uterus 2.5% and vulva 1.6% of all gynecologic malignancies. Malignant germ-cell tumors represented the most common ovarian neoplasm, with an increased incidence in children from 5–18 years. Although certain subtypes were associated with advanced disease stages, the 10-year OS rate was 96.0%. Sarcomas accounted for the majority of vaginal, cervical, uterine and vulvar malignancies. The majority of vaginal neoplasms were observed in girls between 0–4 years, and the 10-year OS rate was 86.1%. Overall, gynecologic malignancies accounted for 4.2% of all malignancies in girls aged 0–18 years and the histologic subtypes and prognosis differed significantly from patients in older age groups.

A survey of current practice in reporting third trimester fetal biometry and Doppler in Australia and New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debra Paoletti ◽  
Lillian Smyth ◽  
Susan Westerway ◽  
Jon Hyett ◽  
Ritu Mogra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Fetal Biometry

scholarly journals The Accuracy of Broselow Tape Weight Estimate among Pediatric Population

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Turki M. AlHarbi ◽  
Abdullaziz AlGarni ◽  
Fasial AlGamdi ◽  
Mona Jawish ◽  
Tariq Ahmad Wani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Body ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Actual Weight ◽  
Medical City

Objective.To determine the accuracy of the Broselow Tape (BT) versions 2007 and 2011 in estimating weight among pediatric population.Methods.A cross-sectional study was conducted at King Fahad Medical City and six schools across Riyadh province on 1–143-month-old children. BT 2007 and 2011 estimated weights were recorded. Both tapes via the child’s height produce an estimated weight, which was compared with the actual weight.Results.A total of 3537 children were recruited. The height (cm) of the subjects was97.7±24.1and the actual weight (kg) was16.07±8.9, whereas the estimated weight determined by BT 2007 was15.87±7.56and by BT 2011 was16.38±7.95. Across all the five age groups, correlation between actual weight and BT 2007 ranged between 0.702 and 0.788, while correlation between actual weight and BT 2011 ranged between 0.698 and 0.788. Correlation between BT 2007 and BT 2011 across all the five age groups ranged from 0.979 to 0.989. Accuracy of both the tape versions was adversely affected when age was >95 months and body weight was >26 kilograms.Conclusions.Our study showed that BT 2007 and 2011 provided accurate estimation of the body weight based on measured body height. However, 2011 version provided more precise estimate for weight.

Firearm Injuries Affecting the Pediatric Population

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 788-790
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Unintentional Injury ◽  
The United States ◽  
Male Adolescents ◽  
Firearm Injuries ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Developed Nations

In the United States approximately 30 000 people die from firearm injuries each year. Many more are wounded. In the mid 1980s, more than 3000 of the dead were children and adolescents aged 1 to 19 years.1 In 1989 nearly 4000 firearm deaths were among children 1 to 19 years of age, accounting for 12% of all deaths in that age group.2 All of these deaths or injuries affect other children because the victims who are killed or wounded are frequently relatives, neighbors, or friends. Comparison data for childhood age groups demonstrate that in 1987, 203 children aged 1 to 9 years, 484 children aged 10 to 14 years, and 2705 adolescents aged 15 to 19 years died as a result of firearm injuries.1 Firearm deaths include unintentional injuries, homicides, and suicides. Among the 1- to 9-year-olds, half of the deaths were homicides and half were unintentional. Among the 10- to 14-year-olds, one third of the deaths were homicides, one third were suicides, and one third were unintentional. Among the 15- to 19-year-olds, 48% were homicides, 42% were suicides, and 8% were unintentional.1 Firearm homicides are the leading cause of death for some US subpopulations, such as urban black male adolescents and young adults.3 Table 1 indicates how firearms contributed to the deaths of children and adolescents (homicides, suicides, and all causes) in 1987. Table 2 illustrates the unusual scale of firearm violence affecting young people in the United States compared with other developed nations.4 Firearm injuries are the fourth leading cause of unintentional injury deaths to children younger than 15 years of age in the US.5

Establishment and Evaluation of a Pilot Child Car Seat Rental Scheme in New Zealand

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-172
Author(s):  
David C. Geddis ◽  
Ian C. Appleton
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Newborn Infant ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
National Scale ◽  
Car Seat ◽  
Pilot Scheme ◽  
The City

The method of operation of a pilot car seat rental scheme is described. It is unique in that there are sufficient seats to accommodate every newborn infant in the city. Both infant and child seats are available. The pattern of use since the establishment of the scheme in December 1981 is reported. Currently 60% to 70% of parents rent infant seats and 35% to 40% rent child seats. Yearly roadside observations have shown a steady increase in the number of restrained children. In 1981 no infants traveled in approved restraints. In 1984 66% did so. The 1984 results for other age groups were: 6 to 18 months of age, 88%; 18 months to 2½ years of age, 82%; 2½ to 3½ years of age, 66%; 3½ to 4½ years of age, 62%. At this time no legislation applied to children less than 8 years of age. The success of this pilot scheme suggests it should be expanded on a national scale.

scholarly journals Posterior cranial base natural growth and development: A systematic review

2017 ◽  
Vol 87 (6) ◽  
pp. 897-910 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kris Currie ◽  
Dena Sawchuk ◽  
Humam Saltaji ◽  
Heesoo Oh ◽  
Carlos Flores-Mir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sella Turcica ◽  
Dimensional Change ◽  
Cranial Base ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Craniofacial Growth ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Natural Growth ◽  
Cross Sectional

ABSTRACT Objective: To provide a synthesis of the published studies evaluating the natural growth and development of the human posterior cranial base (S-Ba). Materials and Methods: The search was performed on MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and all EBM Reviews electronic databases. In addition, reference lists of the included studies were hand-searched. Articles were included if they analyzed posterior cranial-base growth in humans specifically. Study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment were completed in duplicate. A meta-analysis was not justified. Results: Finally, 23 published studies were selected: 5 cross-sectional and 18 cohort studies. Articles were published between 1955 and 2015, and all were published in English. The sample sizes varied between 20 and 397 individuals and consisted of craniofacial measurements from either living or deceased human skulls. Validity of the measurements was not determined in any of the studies, while six papers reported some form of reliability assessment. All the articles included multiple time points within the same population or data from multiple age groups. Growth of S-Ba was generally agreed to be from spheno-occipital synchondrosis growth. Basion displaced downward and backward and sella turcica moved downward and backward during craniofacial growth. Timing of cessation of S-Ba growth was not conclusive due to limited identified evidence. Conclusions: Current evidence suggests that S-Ba is not totally stable, as its dimensions change throughout craniofacial growth and a minor dimensional change is observed even in late adulthood.

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