The Association of Vision, Hearing, and Dual-Sensory Loss with Walking Speed and Incident Slow Walking: Longitudinal and Time to Event Analyses in the Health and Retirement Study

AbstractWith the aging of the population, vision (VL), hearing (HL), and dual-sensory (DSL, concurrent VL and HL) loss will likely constitute important public health challenges. Walking speed is an indicator of functional status and is associated with mortality. Using the Health and Retirement Study, a nationally representative U.S. cohort, we analyzed the longitudinal relationship between sensory loss and walking speed. In multivariable mixed effects linear models, baseline walking speed was slower by 0.05 m/s (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.04–0.07) for VL, 0.02 (95% CI = 0.003–0.03) for HL, and 0.07 (95% CI = 0.05–0.08) for DSL compared with those without sensory loss. Similar annual declines in walking speeds occurred in all groups. In time-to-event analyses, the risk of incident slow walking speed (walking speed < 0.6 m/s) was 43% (95% CI = 25–65%), 29% (95% CI = 13–48%), and 35% (95% CI = 13–61%) higher among those with VL, HL, and DSL respectively, relative to those without sensory loss. The risk of incident very slow walking speed (walking speed < 0.4 m/s) was significantly higher among those with HL and DSL relative to those without sensory loss, and significantly higher among those with DSL relative to those with VL or HL alone. Addressing sensory loss and teaching compensatory strategies may help mitigate the effect of sensory loss on walking speed.

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Is Childhood Socioeconomic Status Related to Coronary Heart Disease? Evidence From the Health and Retirement Study (1992-2012)

Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine ◽

10.1177/2333721417696673 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

pp. 233372141769667 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Minjee Lee ◽

M. Mahmud Khan ◽

Brad Wright

Keyword(s):

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Coronary Heart Disease ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Later Life ◽

Study Data ◽

Health And Retirement Study ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Childhood Socioeconomic Status ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

Retirement Study

Objective: We investigated the association between childhood socioeconomic status (SES) and coronary heart disease (CHD) in older Americans. Method: We used Health and Retirement Study data from 1992 to 2012 to examine a nationally representative sample of Americans aged ≥50 years ( N = 30,623). We modeled CHD as a function of childhood and adult SES using maternal and paternal educational level as a proxy for childhood SES. Results: Respondents reporting low childhood SES were significantly more likely to have CHD than respondents reporting high childhood SES. Respondents reporting both low childhood and adult SES were 2.34 times more likely to have CHD than respondents reporting both high childhood and adult SES. People with low childhood SES and high adult SES were 1.60 times more likely than people with high childhood SES and high adult SES to report CHD in the fully adjusted model. High childhood SES and low adult SES increased the likelihood of CHD by 13%, compared with high SES both as a child and adult. Conclusion: Childhood SES is significantly associated with increased risk of CHD in later life among older adult Americans.

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Relationship of an advanced glycation end product, plasma carboxymethyl-lysine, with slow walking speed in older adults: the InCHIANTI study

European Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1007/s00421-009-1192-5 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 108 (1) ◽

pp. 191-195 ◽

Cited By ~ 51

Author(s):

Richard D. Semba ◽

Stefania Bandinelli ◽

Kai Sun ◽

Jack M. Guralnik ◽

Luigi Ferrucci

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Walking Speed ◽

Advanced Glycation ◽

Advanced Glycation End Product ◽

Slow Walking ◽

Carboxymethyl Lysine ◽

Relationship Of ◽

Slow Walking Speed

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Associations between locomotive and non-locomotive physical activity and physical performance in older community-dwelling females with and without locomotive syndrome: a cross-sectional study

Journal of PHYSIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY ◽

10.1186/s40101-021-00268-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 40 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Tomohiro Nishimura ◽

Atsushi Hagio ◽

Kanako Hamaguchi ◽

Toshiyuki Kurihara ◽

Motoyuki Iemitsu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Walking Speed ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Step Test ◽

Locomotive Syndrome ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Slow Walking ◽

Slow Walking Speed

Abstract Background Locomotive syndrome (LS) is a condition of reduced mobility due to a disorder of the locomotive system. Increasing moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) has been recommended to prevent LS. However, to increase daily MVPA is difficult for older people with LS. The MVPA consists of not only locomotive activities such as walking but also non-locomotive activities such as household activities. The aim of this study was to examine the associations between locomotive/non-locomotive MVPA and physical performance in older females with and without LS. Methods Participants of this cross-sectional study were 143 older community-dwelling Japanese females. The participants were divided into two groups based on the results of the stand-up test: the normal group (NL) (n = 86) and the LS group (n = 57). Both the locomotive and non-locomotive PA seperately measured with its intensity. The intensity of physical activity (PA) was calculated as METs and classified as sedentary behavior (SB 1–1.5 metabolic equivalent tasks (METs)), low-intensity physical activity (LPA 1.6–2.9 METs), and MVPA (≥ 3 METs). For example, locomotive LPA is slow walking speed of 54 m/min, and locomotive MVPA is walking speed of 67 m/min. While non-locomotive LPA is office work and cooking, non-locomotive MVPA is housecleaning. Physical function was evaluated by handgrip strength, walking speed, and 2-step test. Results Walking speed, hand-grip strength, 2-step test, daily step counts, and all PA measurements were not significantly different between two groups. In the LS, locomotive MVPA (r = 0.293, p < 0.05) and total MVPA (r = 0.299, p < 0.05) was significantly correlated with walking speed, but not in the NL. Conclusions Walking speed was positively correlated with locomotive MVPA and total MVPA in the LS group, but not in NL group. This result suggests that slow walking speed in older people with LS occur in connection with lower locomotive MVPA and total MVPA.

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Does slow walking speed predict all-cause mortality and knee replacement in adults with knee osteoarthritis?

Osteoarthritis and Cartilage ◽

10.1016/j.joca.2019.02.631 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 27 ◽

pp. S260

Author(s):

H. Master ◽

L.M. Thoma ◽

T. Neogi ◽

M. LaValley ◽

M. Christiansen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Knee Osteoarthritis ◽

Knee Replacement ◽

Walking Speed ◽

Slow Walking ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

Slow Walking Speed

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Slow walking speed may be early sign of Alzheimer’s in older people, study finds

BMJ ◽

10.1136/bmj.h6506 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. h6506

Author(s):

Susan Mayor

Keyword(s):

Older People ◽

Walking Speed ◽

Early Sign ◽

Slow Walking ◽

Slow Walking Speed

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Motoric cognitive risk syndrome and incident dementia in older adults from the Québec NuAge cohort

Age and Ageing ◽

10.1093/ageing/afaa235 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Olivier Beauchet ◽

Harmehr Sekhon ◽

Liam Cooper-Brown ◽

Cyrille P Launay ◽

Pierrette Gaudreau ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Successful Aging ◽

Walking Speed ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Slow Walking ◽

Cognitive Risk ◽

Incident Dementia ◽

Cognitive Complaint ◽

Slow Walking Speed

Abstract Background The co-occurrence of slow walking speed and subjective cognitive complaint (SCC) in non-demented individuals defines motoric cognitive risk syndrome (MCR), which is a pre-dementia stage. There is no information on the association between MCR and incident dementia in Québec’s older population. Objective The study aims to examine the association of MCR and its individual components (i.e. SCC and slow walking speed) with incident dementia in community-dwelling older adults living in the province of Québec (Canada). Design Québec older people population-based observational cohort study with 3 years of follow-up. Setting Community dwellings. Subjects A subset of participants (n = 1,098) in ‘Nutrition as a determinant of successful aging: The Québec longitudinal study’ (NuAge). Methods At baseline, participants with MCR were identified. Incident dementia was measured at annual follow-up visits using the Modified Mini-Mental State (≤79/100) test and Instrumental Activity Daily Living scale (≤6/8) score values. Results The prevalence of MCR was 4.2% at baseline and the overall incidence of dementia was 3.6%. MCR (Hazard Ratio (HR) = 5.18, with 95% confidence interval (CI) = [2.43–11.03] and P ≤ 0.001) and SCC alone (HR = 2.54, with 95% CI = [1.33–4.85] and P = 0.005) were associated with incident dementia, but slow walking speed was not (HR = 0.81, with 95%CI = [0.25–2.63] and P = 0.736). Conclusions MCR and SCC are associated with incident dementia in NuAge study participants.

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Satisfaction with aging results in reduced risk for falling

International Psychogeriatrics ◽

10.1017/s1041610215001969 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 28 (5) ◽

pp. 741-747 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Liat Ayalon

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Walking Speed ◽

Functional Decline ◽

Psychosocial Interventions ◽

Protective Mechanism ◽

Gender Education ◽

Falls In Older Adults ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

Retirement Study

ABSTRACTBackground:Falls are highly frequent in older adults and are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The present study was designed to assess the role of satisfaction with one's aging process as a predictor of the risk for falling over a four-year period and to identify potential mediators of this relationship.Methods:The Health and Retirement Study (HRS) is a US nationally representative sample of individuals over the age of 50 years and their spouse of any age. The present study was based on the 2008–2012 waves of the HRS. Analyses were restricted to 4,121 respondents over the age of 50 years, who had fall data in 2008 and 2012 and were eligible to complete the satisfaction with aging measure as part of the 2008 psychosocial questionnaire.Results:Overall, 38.1% of the sample reported having fallen at least once between 2006 and 2008 and 40.7% reported having fallen at least once between 2010 and 2012. Higher levels of satisfaction with aging in 2008 were found to be protective against falls assessed in 2012 (OR[95%CI] = 0.88[0.79–0.98]) even after adjustment for age, gender, education, ethnicity, medical status, functional status, cognitive functioning, walking speed, balance, vision, depressive symptoms, physical activities, and past falls. Bootstrap procedures have shown that the effect of satisfaction with aging on falls is partially accounted for through its effect on functional decline.Conclusions:The findings point to the important role of satisfaction with aging as a potential protective mechanism against falls. The results call for the development of psychosocial interventions to reduce falls in older adults.

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Design of a New Crawler Chassis Brake System

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.635-637.1224 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 635-637 ◽

pp. 1224-1227

Author(s):

Xiao Rong Lü ◽

Xiao Lian Lü

Keyword(s):

Walking Speed ◽

Brake System ◽

Light Weight ◽

Compact Structure ◽

Braking System ◽

Slow Walking ◽

New Type ◽

Structure Light ◽

Slow Walking Speed ◽

Speed Characteristic

This paper designs a new type of the crawler chassis brake system, which is suitable for crawler travel system slow walking speed. Characteristic of braking system has simple and compact structure, light weight, flexible use, convenient assembly and disassembly, large braking force, good braking effect, etc., can solve small crawler chassis brake problem very well.

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Arthritis, Depression, and Falls Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Evidence From the Health and Retirement Study

Journal of Applied Gerontology ◽

10.1177/0733464816646683 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 37 (9) ◽

pp. 1133-1149 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Lien T. Quach ◽

Jeffrey A. Burr

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Health Care Providers ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Health And Retirement Study ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Care Providers ◽

Significant Depression ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

Clinically Significant ◽

Retirement Study

The aims of this study were to examine the association between different types of arthritis and falls and to investigate whether clinically significant depression symptoms (CSDS) moderate these relationships. The study used nationally representative data from the 2008 Health and Retirement Study ( n = 7,715, M age = 75, 62% female, and 90% White). Among the respondents, 42% experienced at least one fall during the previous 2 years. About one third had some form of arthritis: 22% osteoarthritis (OA), 4.8% rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 2.3% both OA and RA, and 7.9% with other arthritis types. About one fifth of respondents had CSDS. OA and CSDS are associated with the odds of falling (17% and 29%, respectively), adjusting for socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle, health conditions, and psychiatric medications. There was no statistically significant interaction between types of arthritis and CSDS. Health care providers should pay attention to managing arthritis, especially OA, and CSDS to prevent falls among older adults.

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