scholarly journals Is Childhood Socioeconomic Status Related to Coronary Heart Disease? Evidence From the Health and Retirement Study (1992-2012)

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 233372141769667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minjee Lee ◽  
M. Mahmud Khan ◽  
Brad Wright
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Health And Retirement Study ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Childhood Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Retirement Study

Objective: We investigated the association between childhood socioeconomic status (SES) and coronary heart disease (CHD) in older Americans. Method: We used Health and Retirement Study data from 1992 to 2012 to examine a nationally representative sample of Americans aged ≥50 years ( N = 30,623). We modeled CHD as a function of childhood and adult SES using maternal and paternal educational level as a proxy for childhood SES. Results: Respondents reporting low childhood SES were significantly more likely to have CHD than respondents reporting high childhood SES. Respondents reporting both low childhood and adult SES were 2.34 times more likely to have CHD than respondents reporting both high childhood and adult SES. People with low childhood SES and high adult SES were 1.60 times more likely than people with high childhood SES and high adult SES to report CHD in the fully adjusted model. High childhood SES and low adult SES increased the likelihood of CHD by 13%, compared with high SES both as a child and adult. Conclusion: Childhood SES is significantly associated with increased risk of CHD in later life among older adult Americans.

Association of Parenthood With Incident Heart Disease in United States’ Older Men and Women: A Longitudinal Analysis of Health and Retirement Study Data

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 517-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah L. Hipp ◽  
Yan Yan Wu ◽  
Nicole T. A. Rosendaal ◽  
Catherine M. Pirkle
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Health And Retirement Study ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Retirement Study

Objective: To examine the association of number of children birthed/fathered with incident heart disease, accounting for socioeconomic and lifestyle characteristics. Methods: We analyzed data from 24,923 adults 50 and older (55% women) in the Health and Retirement Study. Participants self-reported number of children and doctor-diagnosed incident heart disease. Cox proportional hazards models estimated heart disease risk. Results: Compared to women with one to two children, those with five or more had increased risk of heart disease (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.13, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.03, 1.25]). Compared to men with one to two children, those with five or more had a marginally increased risk of heart disease (HR = 1.11, 95% CI = [0.99, 1.25]), but this association attenuated in models adjusting for socioeconomic and lifestyle variables. Compared to men with no children, those with five or more retained a borderline significant association in the fully adjusted model (HR = 1.15, 95% CI = [0.99, 1.35]). Discussion: Social and lifestyle pathways appear to link parenthood to cardiovascular health.

Cardiometabolic Risk and Cognitive Decline: The Role of Socioeconomic Status in Childhood and Adulthood

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 326-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuya Oi ◽  
Steven Haas
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Socioeconomic Attainment ◽  
Childhood Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Retirement Study

Socioeconomic conditions in childhood predict cognitive functioning in later life. It is unclear whether poor childhood socioeconomic status (SES) also predicts the acceleration of cognitive decline. One proposed pathway is via cardiometabolic risk, which has been linked to both childhood SES and earlier onset of cognitive impairment. Using data from the Health and Retirement Study, we examine the impact of childhood SES on cognitive trajectories over six years and test whether it operates through increased cardiometabolic risk and adult SES. We find that higher childhood SES leads to slower cognitive decline, partially due to lower levels of cardiometabolic risk. However, these pathways operate entirely through adult socioeconomic attainment. The results have important implications for future trends in cognitive population health within the context of growing social inequality and reduced social mobility.

scholarly journals The Association between Childhood Conditions and Heart Disease Among Middle-Aged and Older Population in China: A Life Course Perspective

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingyue Zhang ◽  
Nan Lu
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Life Course Perspective ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Childhood Conditions ◽  
Populations At Risk ◽  
Childhood Socioeconomic Status

Abstract Background: Heart disease is a severe health problem among adult populations in China. The prevalence rates of heart disease increase with age. The pathogenic causes of heart disease are often related to conditions in early life. Using a nationally representative data from adults aged 45 or older in China, we examined the association between childhood conditions and heart disease in later life from a life course perspective.Methods: The data used in this study were derived from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study; specifically, the life history module and 2015 wave. Face-to-face interviews were used to collect data from respondents aged 45 or older. Missing data were handled by multiple imputation, generating a final analytic sample of 19,800. Doctor-diagnosed heart disease was the main dependent variable. Random-effects logistic regression models were conducted to test the hypotheses.Results: A total of 16.6% respondents reported being diagnosed with heart disease by doctors. Regarding childhood socioeconomic status, 8.2% of the respondents considered that they were (a lot) better off than their neighbors, and 31.1% considered that their health status in childhood was better than their peers. More than 90% of respondents did not have severe illnesses during their childhood, and around 80.3% had access to health resources nearby in childhood. Socioeconomic status, self-rated health, and severe illnesses in childhood were significantly associated with heart disease after controlling for conditions in adulthood and older age (socioeconomic status: odds ratio (OR) = 0.950; self-rated health: OR = 0.923; severe illnesses: OR = 1.191).Conclusions: Childhood conditions play important roles in influencing the onset of heart disease in middle and older age in China. Poor childhood conditions should be considered as screening criteria to identify populations at risk of heart disease. Community-based preventive strategies and interventions should also be implemented to enhance health in later life.

scholarly journals FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH LIFE-SPACE CONSTRICTION IN LATER LIFE: EVIDENCE FROM THE HEALTH AND RETIREMENT STUDY

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S520-S520
Author(s):  
Moon Choi ◽  
Briana Mezuk
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Health And Retirement Study ◽  
Apartment Building ◽  
Life Space ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Retirement Study

Abstract This study aimed to examine factors associated with life-space constriction, using the data from the Health and Retirement Study, a nationally representative sample. We limited our analysis to those who were 65 years and older and answered to the 2012 experimental module on life-space (N=895; mean age=75.3; 59.4% women). Life-space was assessed with the modified version of the UAB Study of Aging Life-Space Assessment, ranging nine zones: room, home, own property, immediate neighborhood, town, community, county, state, and region. A series of logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios for life-space constriction by sociodemographic and health characteristics. The results showed that 3.0% and 6.7% of older adults reported that they had never been to places beyond their home and own property/apartment building for the past four weeks, i.e. the critical boundaries in terms of social isolation. The significant factor associated with the life-space constriction within home, immediate neighborhood, and town was physical mobility limitation (OR: 1.18, 1.09, 1.11, respectively), while the constriction within county was associated with education level (OR: 0.91). Driving a car was negatively associated with the life-space constriction within own property/apartment building and home (OR: 0.48 and 0.22, respectively). Policy makers need to pay more attention to social and environmental factors influencing social isolation among older adults such as transportation options and social class disparity.

scholarly journals Lifespan adversity and later adulthood telomere length in the nationally representative US Health and Retirement Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (42) ◽  
pp. E6335-E6342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eli Puterman ◽  
Alison Gemmill ◽  
Deborah Karasek ◽  
David Weir ◽  
Nancy E. Adler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Telomere Length ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Cellular Aging ◽  
Cell Aging ◽  
Health And Retirement Study ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Retirement Study

Stress over the lifespan is thought to promote accelerated aging and early disease. Telomere length is a marker of cell aging that appears to be one mediator of this relationship. Telomere length is associated with early adversity and with chronic stressors in adulthood in many studies. Although cumulative lifespan adversity should have bigger impacts than single events, it is also possible that adversity in childhood has larger effects on later life health than adult stressors, as suggested by models of biological embedding in early life. No studies have examined the individual vs. cumulative effects of childhood and adulthood adversities on adult telomere length. Here, we examined the relationship between cumulative childhood and adulthood adversity, adding up a range of severe financial, traumatic, and social exposures, as well as comparing them to each other, in relation to salivary telomere length. We examined 4,598 men and women from the US Health and Retirement Study. Single adversities tended to have nonsignificant relations with telomere length. In adjusted models, lifetime cumulative adversity predicted 6% greater odds of shorter telomere length. This result was mainly due to childhood adversity. In adjusted models for cumulative childhood adversity, the occurrence of each additional childhood event predicted 11% increased odds of having short telomeres. This result appeared mainly because of social/traumatic exposures rather than financial exposures. This study suggests that the shadow of childhood adversity may reach far into later adulthood in part through cellular aging.

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