Fundamentals of Wound Healing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian L. Stallworth
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Soft Tissue Injury ◽  
The Road ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Management Of Complications ◽  
Facial Plastic ◽  
Execution Management ◽  
The Moment ◽  
And Function

AbstractAt the moment of soft tissue injury, an immediate wound healing ballet commences. This coordinated cascade of events works over minutes, hours, weeks, and months to restore tissue integrity and viability in an attempt to rebuild the site to its preinjured state. A thorough understanding of these processes, and options to navigate forks in the road, can help guide patient selection, surgical planning and execution, management of complications, and ultimately the restoration of tissue form and function for optimal outcomes. An exhaustive account of tissue healing mechanics is beyond the scope of this writing. However, a summation of much that is known of these processes and the directions research and therapeutic developments are currently aimed will help the facial plastic surgeon prevent or minimize debilitating functional and cosmetic consequences in the head and neck.

Long-Term Outcome of Morphology and Function After Soft Tissue Injury of the Forearm With Vascular Involvement

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 599-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Sergi ◽  
Egle Perissinotto ◽  
Mirka Zucchetto ◽  
Maria Alessandra Scomparin ◽  
Francesco Corbetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Soft Tissue Injury ◽  
Vascular Involvement ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals THE ROAD AS AN ESSENTIAL ELEMENT OF THE CONTENT OF THE SHOW GARDEN

space&FORM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2020 (46) ◽  
pp. 133-146
Author(s):  
Izabela Myszka ◽  
◽  
Katarzyna Augustyniak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Element ◽  
Entire Space ◽  
Research Results ◽  
The Road ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Decisive Influence ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Function ◽  
Road System

In this article, we focus on the subject of the show garden and place for path in the garden, in particular its forms and functions in space and meaning. The form and function of path was examined on the basis of selected, representative examples of historical gardens and contemporary show gardens of the festival in Chaumont-sur-Loire. The results showed that a path is the leading element of every garden, and its form has a decisive influence on the composition of the entire space and allows you to note content. Based on the research results, road system diagrams in historical gardens were developed and model concepts for show gardens inspired by the history of gardens were developed. The currently very touching topic of Quarantine has become the leitmotif of the garden content.

Wounds in Patients with Cancer

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark W. Clemens ◽  
Brian J. Blumenauer ◽  
Ashleigh M. Francis ◽  
Jonathon B. Olenczak ◽  
Jesse C. Selber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Donor Site ◽  
Donor Site Morbidity ◽  
Wound Management ◽  
Wound Complications ◽  
Tissue Quality ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Integral Role ◽  
And Function

Reconstructive surgery plays an integral role in helping restore form and function in patients with complex oncologic wounds. The intricate process of wound healing can be adversely affected by exposure to chemotherapeutic and radiation therapies. Assessment of available donor tissue quality, previous radiation therapy, vascular status, and donor site morbidity are essential when determining the most appropriate reconstructive approach for definitive wound management. The timing of reconstruction in relation to chemotherapy or radiotherapy regimens influences wound healing. Additionally, the timing of reconstruction is important in order to avoid delaying additional adjuvant therapies. Optimizing nutritional status is critical for improved patient outcomes in the oncologic patient population. At times, palliative efforts by means of surgical debulking are required of a reconstructive surgeon as advanced cancers can leave patients with disfiguring, fungating masses. This review contains 9 figures, and 44 references. Keywords: wounds in cancer, wounds in the cancer patient, oncologic wounds, oncologic wound healing, oncologic wound management, wound complications, effect of chemotherapy on wound healing, effect of radiation therapy on wound healing, oncologic reconstruction

Preventing Engrailed-1 activation in fibroblasts yields wound regeneration without scarring

Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 372 (6540) ◽  
pp. eaba2374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamik Mascharak ◽  
Heather E. desJardins-Park ◽  
Michael F. Davitt ◽  
Michelle Griffin ◽  
Mimi R. Borrelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Transgenic Mouse ◽  
Mouse Models ◽  
Transgenic Mouse Models ◽  
Fibrotic Response ◽  
Mechanical Tension ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
And Function ◽  
Tissue Form

Skin scarring, the end result of adult wound healing, is detrimental to tissue form and function. Engrailed-1 lineage–positive fibroblasts (EPFs) are known to function in scarring, but Engrailed-1 lineage–negative fibroblasts (ENFs) remain poorly characterized. Using cell transplantation and transgenic mouse models, we identified a dermal ENF subpopulation that gives rise to postnatally derived EPFs by activating Engrailed-1 expression during adult wound healing. By studying ENF responses to substrate mechanics, we found that mechanical tension drives Engrailed-1 activation via canonical mechanotransduction signaling. Finally, we showed that blocking mechanotransduction signaling with either verteporfin, an inhibitor of Yes-associated protein (YAP), or fibroblast-specific transgenic YAP knockout prevents Engrailed-1 activation and promotes wound regeneration by ENFs, with recovery of skin appendages, ultrastructure, and mechanical strength. This finding suggests that there are two possible outcomes to postnatal wound healing: a fibrotic response (EPF-mediated) and a regenerative response (ENF-mediated).

scholarly journals Non-classical monocytes are biased progenitors of wound healing macrophages during soft tissue injury

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire E. Olingy ◽  
Cheryl L. San Emeterio ◽  
Molly E. Ogle ◽  
Jack R. Krieger ◽  
Anthony C. Bruce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Soft Tissue Injury ◽  
Classical Monocytes

scholarly journals The evolution of pelvic limb muscle moment arms in bird-line archosaurs

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. eabe2778
Author(s):  
V. R. Allen ◽  
B. M. Kilbourne ◽  
J. R. Hutchinson
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Moment Arms ◽  
Theropod Dinosaurs ◽  
Musculoskeletal Models ◽  
Hip Abductor ◽  
Pelvic Limb ◽  
The Moment ◽  
And Function

Bipedal locomotion evolved along the archosaurian lineage to birds, shifting from “hip-based” to “knee-based” mechanisms. However, the roles of individual muscles in these changes and their evolutionary timings remain obscure. Using 13 three-dimensional musculoskeletal models of the hindlimbs of bird-line archosaurs, we quantify how the moment arms (i.e., leverages) of 35 locomotor muscles evolved. Our results support two hypotheses: From early theropod dinosaurs to birds, knee flexors’ moment arms decreased relative to knee extensors’, and medial long-axis rotator moment arms for the hip increased (trading off with decreased hip abductor moment arms). Our results reveal how, from the Triassic Period, bipedal theropod dinosaurs gradually modified their hindlimb form and function, shifting more from hip-based to knee-based locomotion and hip-abductor to hip-rotator balancing mechanisms inherited by birds. Yet, we also discover unexpected ancestral specializations in larger Jurassic theropods, lost later in the bird-line, complicating the paradigm of gradual transformation.

scholarly journals Evidential strength of intonational cues and rational adaptation to (un-)reliable intonation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timo Benjamin Roettger ◽  
Michael Franke
Keyword(s):  
Spoken Language ◽  
Pitch Accent ◽  
Cue Integration ◽  
Response Dynamics ◽  
Manual Response ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Integral Role ◽  
Production Behavior ◽  
The Moment ◽  
And Function

Intonation plays an integral role in comprehending spoken language. It is also remarkably variable, often exhibiting only probabilistic mappings between form and function. Despite this apparent uncertainty, listeners can rapidly integrate intonational information to predictively map a given pitch accent onto the speaker's likely referential intentions. We use manual response dynamics (mouse-tracking) to investigate two questions: (i) whether listeners draw predictive inferences from the presence and absence of an intonational marking and (ii) whether and how listeners adapt their online interpretation of intonational cues when these are reliable or stochastically unreliable. We formulate a novel Bayesian model of rational predictive cue integration and explore predictions derived under a concrete link hypothesis relating a quantitative notion of evidential strength of a cue to the moment in time, relative to the unfolding speech signal, at which mouse trajectories finally turn towards the eventually selected option. In order to capture rational belief updates after concrete observations of a speaker's behavior, we formulate and explore an extension of this model that includes the listener's hierarchical beliefs about the speaker's likely production behavior. Our results are compatible with the assumption that listeners rapidly and rationally integrate all available intonational information, that they expect reliable intonational information initially, and that they adapt these initial expectations gradually during exposition to unreliable input.

scholarly journals ADSC-Exos containing MALAT1 promotes wound healing by targeting miR-124 through activating Wnt/β-catenin pathway

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin He ◽  
Chan Zhu ◽  
Jing Jia ◽  
Xiao-Yan Hao ◽  
Xue-Yuan Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
Skin Lesion ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Soft Tissue Injury ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Cutaneous Wound Healing ◽  
Cutaneous Wound ◽  
Hdf Cells

Abstract Cutaneous wound is a soft tissue injury that is difficult to heal during aging. It has been demonstrated that adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and its secreted exosomes exert crucial functions in cutaneous wound healing. The present study aimed to elucidate the mechanism of exosomes derived from ADSCs (ADSC-Exos) containing MALAT1 in wound healing. ADSCs were isolated from human normal subcutaneous adipose tissues and identified by flow cytometry analysis. Exosomes were extracted from ADSC supernatants and MALAT1 expression was determined using qRT-PCR analysis. HaCaT and HDF cells were exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for simulating the skin lesion model. Subsequently, CCK-8, flow cytometry, wound healing and transwell assays were employed to validate the role of ADSC-Exos containing MALAT1 in the skin lesion model. Besides, cells were transfected with sh-MALAT1 to verify the protective role of MALAT1 in wound healing. The binding relationship between MALAT1 and miR-124 were measured by dual-luciferase reporter assay. ADSC-Exos promoted cell proliferation, migration, and inhibited cell apoptosis of HaCaT and HDF cells impaired by H2O2. However, the depletion of MALAT1 in ADSC-Exos lose these protective effects on HaCaT and HDF cells. Moreover, miR-124 was identified to be a target of MALAT1. Furthermore, ADSC-Exos containing MALAT1 could mediate H2O2-induced wound healing by targeting miR-124 and activating Wnt/β-catenin pathway. ADSC-Exos containing MALAT1 play a positive role in cutaneous wound healing possibly via targeting miR-124 through activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, which may provide novel insights into the therapeutic target for cutaneous wound healing.

Exogenous Administration of Substance P Enhances Wound Healing in a Novel Skin-Injury Model

2005 ◽  
Vol 230 (4) ◽  
pp. 271-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angel V. Delgado ◽  
Albert T. McManus ◽  
James P. Chambers
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Substance P ◽  
Wound Repair ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Soft Tissue Injury ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Target Cells

Soft tissue injury accounts for approximately 44% of all wounds in both the military and civilian populations. Following injury to soft tissue, Substance P (SP) and other neuropeptides are released by cutaneous neurons and modulate the function of immunocompetent and inflammatory cells, as well as epithelial and endothelial cells. The interaction between these components of the nervous system and multiple target cells affecting cutaneous repair is of increasing interest. In this report, we describe the effects of SP on wound repair in a novel, laser-induced, skin-wound model. Gross and histologic examination of laser-induced injury revealed that exogenously administered SP affects wound healing via neurite outgrowth, in addition to adhesion molecule and neurokinin-1 receptor involvement in vivo. All SP effects were decreased by pretreatment with Spantide II, an SP antagonist. The elucidation of SP-mediating mechanisms is crucial to firmly establishing the involvement and interaction of the peripheral nervous system and the immune system in cutaneous repair. Findings presented here suggest that SP participates in the complex network of mediators involved in cutaneous inflammation and wound healing.

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