scholarly journals Epidemiology and Clinicopathologic Study of Nonneoplastic Cystic Lesions of the Central Nervous System at a Tertiary Care Center

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mukesh Kumar ◽  
Mukta Meel ◽  
Nikita Choudhary ◽  
Ashok Singh ◽  
Kusum Mathur
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Mass Lesion ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Clinicopathologic Study

Abstract Background Nonneoplastic cysts of brain are a diverse group of benign lesions with variable etiopathogenesis. Due to different site and histogenesis, these lesions have wide clinicopathologic spectrum. Objective The study was performed to evaluate epidemiology and clinicopathologic spectrum of nonneoplastic central nervous system (CNS) cysts highlighting the role of histopathology in the diagnosis as well as to compare the data with other institution’s data available in literature. Materials and Methods All nonneoplastic CNS cysts reported from January 2013 to June 2020 in the Department of Pathology of Sawai Man Singh Medical College, Jaipur, were retrieved and reviewed. The data were evaluated for age, site, cyst wall lining, nature of cyst contents, and location (intracranial and spinal), using SPSS software version 20.0. Results A total of 255 cases were reviewed with an incidence of 4.96% and an age range of 2 to 74 years with slight male preponderance. Among them there were 157, 34, 26, 24, and 2 cases of epidermoid, arachnoid, dermoid, colloid, and glioependymal cysts, respectively, and 1 case of perineural cyst. Infective cysts were much less common than noninfective cysts, accounting for two cases of neurocysticercosis and hydatid cysts each. All cyst types mainly presented with signs and symptoms of a mass lesion. Conclusion Nonneoplastic cyst mainly presented like a CNS mass lesion with overlapping clinical features, and image finding revealing the key role of histopathological analysis. Epidermoids were the most common type of these cysts in the present series followed by the arachnoid cysts.

#14: Blastomycosis in 64 Wisconsin Children: Unanticipated Infection Risk and Severity in Urban Residents

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S8-S8
Author(s):  
Jaimee M Hall ◽  
Peter L Havens ◽  
Errin A Mitchell ◽  
Gabriel N De Vela ◽  
Lauren L Titus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Environmental Exposure ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Urban Children ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Exposure Source

Abstract Background Blastomycosis is an endemic mycosis of immunocompetent individuals, typically seen after exposure to wooded areas near rivers, lakes, and streams in rural locations, and often not considered a disease of urban environments. Disease can be isolated to lung, or disseminate to skin, bone, or central nervous system. Factors influencing disease acquisition and severity in children are unknown. Methods We analyzed acquisition risk factors and disease characteristics of blastomycosis in children treated at a tertiary care center from 1998–2018 to identify exposure source and measure disease severity, to identify cases without “typical exposure”, and to measure the effect of race on disease severity. Results Of 64 children, median age was 13.3 years, 72% were male, 38% resided in urban counties, and 50% had typical environmental exposure. Isolated pulmonary infection occurred in 33 (52%). The remaining children had evidence of dissemination including skin (N=13), bone (N=16; 7 clinically silent), and central nervous system (N=7; 3 clinically silent). Infection was moderate/severe in 19 (30%). Two children (3%) died. 79% of children with moderate/severe disease (p=0.008) and 71% of urban children (p=0.007) had no typical environmental exposure. Comparing children from urban counties to other residences, 63% versus 5% were black (p<0.001) and 71% versus 35% developed extrapulmonary dissemination (p=0.006). Moderate/severe disease occurred in 7/17 (42%) black and 12/47 (26%) children of other race (p=0.23). Conclusions Blastomycosis, endemic in urban children in the absence of typical exposure history, has frequent, sometimes clinically silent, extrapulmonary dissemination, with a trend toward more severe disease in black children.

scholarly journals Autonomous requirements of the Menkes disease protein in the nervous system

2015 ◽  
Vol 309 (10) ◽  
pp. C660-C668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria L. Hodgkinson ◽  
Sha Zhu ◽  
Yanfang Wang ◽  
Erik Ladomersky ◽  
Karen Nickelson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Copper Deficiency ◽  
Copper Homeostasis ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Menkes Disease ◽  
Copper Transporter ◽  
Sensorimotor Deficits ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Menkes disease is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder arising from a systemic copper deficiency caused by loss-of-function mutations in a ubiquitously expressed copper transporter, ATP7A. Although this disorder reveals an essential role for copper in the developing human nervous system, the role of ATP7A in the pathogenesis of signs and symptoms in affected patients, including severe mental retardation, ataxia, and excitotoxic seizures, remains unknown. To directly examine the role of ATP7A within the central nervous system, we generated Atp7a Nes mice, in which the Atp7a gene was specifically deleted within neural and glial cell precursors without impairing systemic copper homeostasis, and compared these mice with the mottled brindle ( mo-br) mutant, a murine model of Menkes disease in which Atp7a is defective in all cells. Whereas mo-br mice displayed neurodegeneration, demyelination, and 100% mortality prior to weaning, the Atp7a Nes mice showed none of these phenotypes, exhibiting only mild sensorimotor deficits, increased anxiety, and susceptibility to NMDA-induced seizure. Our results indicate that the pathophysiology of severe neurological signs and symptoms in Menkes disease is the result of copper deficiency within the central nervous system secondary to impaired systemic copper homeostasis and does not arise from an intrinsic lack of ATP7A within the developing brain. Furthermore, the sensorimotor deficits, hypophagia, anxiety, and sensitivity to NMDA-induced seizure in the Atp7a Nes mice reveal unique autonomous requirements for ATP7A in the nervous system. Taken together, these data reveal essential roles for copper acquisition in the central nervous system in early development and suggest novel therapeutic approaches in affected patients.

scholarly journals Clinico-epidemiological features of Japanese encephalitis patients hospitalized in a tertiary care center

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 4548
Author(s):  
Abu Hasan Sarkar ◽  
Bishnu Ram Das
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Encephalitis ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Clinical Signs And Symptoms ◽  
One Year

Background: Japanese encephalitis (JE) is of particular interest as it has a high morbidity and mortality. Neurological sequale is the most dreaded damage caused by JE. It is a preventable disease with specific interventions. The objective of the study was to study the demography, clinical profile and outcome of patients with Japanese Encephalitis admitted to the wards of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics at Jorhat Medical College Hospital.Methods: Hospital based observational study for one year in Jorhat Medical College, Jorhat, Assam.Results: The mean age for JE was 32.25±27 years for male, 27.47±22 years for female and 29.94±24 years overall. Assessment of clinical signs and symptoms showed that fever and change in mental status were present in 100% of JE cases followed by neck rigidity in 79.3% and headache in 68.9%. 44.8% of JE cases had history of seizure, 37.9% had vomiting, 34.5% had irritability, 13.8% were unconscious. The peak of JE incidence occurred in the month of July (77.6%). Complete recovery was seen in 39.2%, followed by death in 32.6% and recovery with neurological sequalae in 28.2% at the time of discharge.Conclusions: Vigorous awareness activities should be carried out to sensitize people on prevention of JE. 

scholarly journals Diphtheria: a re-emerging infectious disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 475
Author(s):  
Shashidhar S. Suligavi ◽  
Divya K. Vishwanath ◽  
Shilpa Gokale ◽  
S. S. Doddamani
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Immunization Status ◽  
The Relationship

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background: </strong>Diphtheria is a fatal bacterial infection which affects the mucous membranes of oropharyngeal and nasal cavity, caused by aerobic gram-positive bacteria Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Clinical diphtheria is on the increase worldwide, mainly affecting developing countries and leading cause of morbidity and mortality. We sought to understand its presentation among patients and also early intervention of the disease. The objective of the study was to study the clinico-demographic profile of cases, the relationship between immunization status and clinical disease, the role of microbiological investigations and to identify complications in diphtheria cases.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This study is a hospital based observational study from September 2019 - September 2020 at a tertiary care centre, S.Nijalingappa Medical College and HSK hospital, Bagalkot, Karnataka. The cases were analysed with respect to demographic details, clinical features, immunization status, microbiological confirmation and complications of diphtheria cases.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results: </strong>32 cases were suspected to have diphtheria on clinical examination. The mean age of presentation was 15 years. Fever, sore throat, difficulty in swallowing, neck swelling and pseudomembrane in oral cavity were the common signs and symptoms. Airway compromise, myocarditis and neurological complications were noted. Antidiphtheritic serum (ADS) was tried in all 32 cases and 8 cases had adverse reactions. Case fatality rate was 12.5%.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Shifting of occurrence of diphtheria in the age group of &gt;5 years suggest the need to improve and strengthen the immunization program specially the booster doses.</p>

scholarly journals Metastasis in central nervous system: Clinicopathological study with review of literature in a tertiary care center in South India

2013 ◽  
Vol 02 (04) ◽  
pp. 245-249
Author(s):  
Rashmi Patnayak ◽  
Amitabh Jena ◽  
Bodagala Vijaylaxmi ◽  
Amancharla Y. Lakshmi ◽  
BCM Prasad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
South India ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cns Tumors ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Tertiary Care Center ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Immunohistochemical Markers

Abstract Background: Secondary central nervous system (CNS) tumors are common in Western countries, but in Indian literature, scant data are available. With the advent of newer imaging techniques, the confirmatory histopathological diagnosis has become comparatively easier. Hereby, we have analyzed our data from a single tertiary care center in south India. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study from January 2000 to December 2010, histopathologically diagnosed secondary CNS tumors were reviewed along with clinical, imaging, and relevant immunohistochemical findings. Meningeal, lymphoproliferative, and myeloproliferative tumors and autopsy data were not included in the study group. Results: There were 40 secondary CNS tumors. Male to female ratio was 2.3:1. Age range was wide (28-75 years). Majority of cases were seen in the fourth and fifth decade. Imaging-wise, (computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging) majority were single lesions (n = 34, 85%). Most commonly, these single lesions were present in the cerebral hemisphere (n = 20, 50%) followed by cerebellum (n = 10, 25%). Adenocarcinoma accounted for maximum number of cases (n = 25, 62.5%) with lungs being the most common primary. Conclusion: We have noted 25% metastatic adenocarcinomas in cerebellar location, which is higher when compared with available world literature. However, we also encountered a good number of cases (30%) due to unknown primary. Though histopathological examination with use of immunohistochemical markers can reliably distinguish primary from secondary CNS tumors in addition to available clinical and imaging data, particularly in developing countries, still a better work-up with an array of immunohistochemical markers and newer imaging modalities is desirable.

Central nervous system and muscle involvement in dengue patients: A study from a tertiary care center

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 146-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Usha Kant Misra ◽  
Jayantee Kalita ◽  
Vinita Elizabeth Mani ◽  
Prashant Singh Chauhan ◽  
Pankaj Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Tertiary Care Center ◽  
Muscle Involvement

Pediatric tumors of the central nervous system: a retrospective study of 1,043 cases from a tertiary care center in South India

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 1257-1263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaya Ruth Asirvatham ◽  
A. Narasimhaiah Deepti ◽  
Rila Chyne ◽  
M. S. N. Prasad ◽  
Ari G. Chacko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
South India ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Pediatric Tumors ◽  
Tertiary Care Center ◽  
System A ◽  
The Central Nervous System

scholarly journals Pharmacovigilance by World Health Organisation Uppsala Monitoring Center Causality Assessment Algorithm in Medicine Ward of Tertiary Care Hospital of New Delhi

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-64
Author(s):  
R.C. Shah ◽  
S. Karki ◽  
S.B. Parajuli ◽  
P. Bhattarai ◽  
P.K. Chowdhary
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Causality Assessment ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care Center ◽  
A Prospective Study

Introduction Pharmacovigilance is not new to India and has in fact been going on since 1998. Adverse drugs reaction (ADRs) are important causes of morbidity and mortality all over the world. They account for approximately 10-20% of all hospitalized patients. The overall incidence of serious ADRs is 6.7% and that of fatal is 0.32%.Objective The objectives of the study was to find the pattern of adverse drug reactions in patients attending medicine ward of a tertiary care center of New Delhi.Methodology A prospective study was conducted from March 2013 to December 2013. On the basis of WHO-UMC causality assessment algorithm, the incidence and pattern of ADRs were assessed from 300 patients of 18 to 70 years of age. The collected data was entered in Microsoft Excel, Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) and analysed by SPSS.Results The incidence of ADRs was found to be 13.67%. More than one ADRs has been reported from some patients. The gender of the patients has no significance in the occurance of ADRs (p=0.194). Highest number of ADRs were found in gastrointestional system followed by central nervous system. Gastrointestional ADRs were must commonly associated with the uses of antimicrobials. The most frequently seen ADRs were diarrhea, gastritis, abdominal pain followed by nausea and vomiting. Decreased level of consciousness (sedation, drowsiness) followed by dizziness and tremors were the frequent ADRs related to the central nervous systems. Based on WHO-UMC causality assessment algorithm, it was observed that a total of 57 ADRs were possible and 2 were probable. No other causality assessment category was observed.Conclusion The ADRs incidence was common even in a tertiary care center. The Gastrointestional and central nervous system disorder were common. The concern of Pharmacovigilance should be initiated.Birat Journal of Health Sciences 2016 1(1): 61-64

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document