scholarly journals Occupational Sharp Injury and Splash Exposure among Healthcare Workers in a Tertiary Hospital

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roshan Mathew ◽  
Ritin Mohindra ◽  
Ankit Sahu ◽  
Rachana Bhat ◽  
Akshaya Ramaswami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Needle Stick Injury ◽  
Medical Procedures ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus Antibody

Abstract Background Occupational hazards like sharp injury and splash exposure (SISE) are frequently encountered in health-care settings. The adoption of standard precautions by healthcare workers (HCWs) has led to significant reduction in the incidence of such injuries, still SISE continues to pose a serious threat to certain groups of HCWs. Materials and Methods This was a retrospective study which examined the available records of all patients from January 2015 to August 2019 who self-reported to our emergency department with history of sharp injury and/or splash exposure. Details of the patients, mechanism of injury, the circumstances leading to the injury, status of the source (hepatitis B surface antigen, human immunodeficiency virus, and hepatitis C virus antibody status), and the postexposure prophylaxis given were recorded and analyzed. Data were represented in frequency and percentages. Results During the defined period, a total of 834 HCWs reported with SISE, out of which 44.6% were doctors. Majority of the patients have SISE while performing medical procedures on patients (49.5%), while 19.2% were exposed during segregation of waste. The frequency of needle stick injury during cannulation, sampling, and recapping of needle were higher in emergency department than in wards. More than 80% of HCWs received hepatitis B vaccine and immunoglobulin postexposure. Conclusion There is need for periodical briefings on practices of sharp handling as well as re-emphasizing the use of personal protective equipment while performing procedures.

scholarly journals Immune response to hepatitis B vaccine among north Iranian healthcare workers and its related factors

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (06) ◽  
pp. 501-507
Author(s):  
Farahnaz Joukar ◽  
Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei ◽  
Mohammad Reza Naghipour ◽  
Mehrnaz Asgharnezhad
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Needle Stick Injury ◽  
Vaccine Response ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
History Of

Introduction: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is an important occupational risk among healthcare workers (HCWs). Vaccination is the most cost-effective method of preventing and controlling HBV infection. Several factors have been suggested to effect response to the vaccine. The present study aimed to evaluate vaccine response among north Iranian HCWs and to determine the factors influencing vaccine response. Methodology: Response to the standard three-dose vaccination regimen was evaluated in term of anti-hepatitis B surface antigen level among 1,010 HCWs using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Logistic regression was applied to predict antibody response, with related factors including sex, age, years of working experience, marital status, history of transfusion, smoking, history of needle stick injury, rheumatic disease, steroid use, and elapsed time from vaccination measurement. Results: Of the 1,010 HCWs, 898 (88.9%) acquired protective levels of antibody (> 10 IU/mL). Compared with those < 30 years of age, HCWs older than 50 years and between 40 and 50 years of age were more likely to have non-protective anti-HBs levels (odds ratio = 4.48; p = 0.001 and odds ratio = 1.85; p = 0.03, respectively). Conclusions: HBV vaccine efficacy and immune response were satisfactory among north Iranian HCWs. Since it is predicted that anti-HBs levels decrease with aging, testing for anti-HBs titer is desirable for HCWs older than 50 years of age.

scholarly journals Hepatitis B Surface Antigen-Prevalence, Knowledge, Attitude and Vaccination Status among Healthcare Workers in a Tertiary Health Facility

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
DC Obu ◽  
UV Asiegbu ◽  
CT Ezeonu ◽  
AFI Una ◽  
CE Arua-Iduma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Vaccination Status ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus Infection ◽  
Virus Vaccination ◽  
B Virus

Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at increased risk of acquiring hepatitis virus B infection through occupational exposure. Having adequate knowledge and proper attitudes toward hepatitis B virus infection are crucial for its prevention. This study assessed the knowledge, attitude, and hepatitis B virus vaccination status of health care workers. A descriptive cross-sectional study among 120 healthcare workers that attended the World Hepatitis B-Day Celebration in June 2018 was undertaken. Data were obtained with a self-administered questionnaire on socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge, attitude towards HBV infection, and practice of hepatitis B vaccination. Commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits were used to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen. Data were analyzed using computer software SPSS version 22. The prevalence of HBsAg among the subjects was 4.5%. Only 53(47.7%) of the respondents had good knowledge of hepatitis B virus infection. The majority of respondents 91(82.0%) demonstrated a positive attitude towards hepatitis B virus infection and vaccination. Over 30% of respondents were aware of their hepatitis B virus infection status, and 29(26.1%) of them had received the hepatitis B virus vaccine. The major reason for the poor uptake of hepatitis B virus vaccination was not knowing where to get the vaccine in 40(57.1%) of them. Good knowledge of HBV infection had a statistically significant association with the age of respondents and their years of experience (p<0.05). It is recommended that a healthcare worker should be provided with more education and information on hepatitis B virus infection and vaccination. Also, hepatitis B screening and vaccination should be made mandatory as part of the pre-employment exercise of all healthcare workers with follow up screening before any upgrade or promotional examination exercise.

Audit of emergency department assessment and management of patients presenting with community-acquired needle stick injuries

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Celenza ◽  
Lloyd J. D'Orsogna ◽  
Shervin H. Tosif ◽  
Samantha M. Bateman ◽  
Debra O'Brien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Emergency Department ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Emergency Departments ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Needle Stick Injury ◽  
Needle Stick ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Needle Stick Injuries

Objectives. To describe characteristics and management of people with community acquired needle stick injuries (CANSI) attending urban emergency departments; and suggest a guideline to improve assessment, management, and documentation. Methods. A retrospective analysis of cases with CANSI attending emergency departments in two tertiary hospitals between 2001 and 2005 using medical record review with follow up phone and written survey. Results. Thirty-nine cases met the criteria for CANSI. Persons younger than 30 years sustained 48.72% of all injuries. Source serology was available for only five cases (12.82%). Thirty-one of thirty-nine patients (79.49%) were classed as not immune to hepatitis B but only four of these (12.90%) received both hepatitis B vaccination and hepatitis B immunoglobulin. Six patients (15.38%) received HIV prophylaxis; of which two (33.33%) did not receive baseline HIV testing. Of ten patients referred to immunology clinic for follow up only two (20.00%) attended at 6 months. Conclusion. We have identified groups that are at high risk of CANSI, including young males, security workers and cleaners. In the majority of cases protection against hepatitis B was inadequately provided, and a substantial proportion had inadequate baseline assessment and documentation. A guideline is suggested that may be used to improve these deficits. What is known about this topic? Occupationally acquired needle stick injury guidelines are well established, but no guidelines currently exist for community acquired needle stick injuries (CANSI) which may require different risk stratification, assessment and management. Management of CANSI in Emergency Departments has not been well described. What does this paper add? An audit of Emergency Department management of community acquired needle stick injuries demonstrates deficits in risk assessment, documentation and use of post-exposure immunisation and prophylaxis. A guideline is suggested that may be used to improve these deficits. What are the implications for practitioners? Practitioners need to perform and document a risk assessment of the injury, perform baseline serology, and provide tetanus and hepatitis B immunisation. Use of HIV post-exposure prophylaxis is determined by local prevalence of disease, injury risk assessment, source serology if known, and time since injury.

Efficacy of Immunization with a Combination of Serum and Recombinant Hepatitis B Vaccines

1993 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 476-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karlyn K. Pearl ◽  
Ana A. Ortiz ◽  
William Pearl
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
The United States ◽  
Recombinant Vaccine ◽  
Vaccine Group ◽  
Recombinant Hepatitis ◽  
The Third ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccines ◽  
One Year

AbstractObjective:To evaluate the efficacy of giving a third dose of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine to healthcare workers who already had received two doses of serum-derived vaccine, which is no longer available in the United States.Design:Volunteers who already had received two standard doses of serum-derived vaccine were given a third dose of either serum or recombinant vaccine in a double-blind fashion. Antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen were measured at the time of the third immunization, three months later, and one year after the third immunization.Setting:U.S. Army Medical Center, El Paso, Texas.Patients:One hundred healthy healthcare workers.Results:Three months after receiving the third immunization, the serum vaccine group had significantly higher titers than the recombinant vaccine group (P= 0.018). One year after receiving the third immunization, those who received the combined regimen had a mean hepatitis B surface antibody titer less than half that of those who received three doses of serum-derived vaccine. However, both regimens resulted in titers that are considered to confer immunity.Conclusions:A regimen that combines serum and recombinant hepatitis B vaccines may not produce as high an antibody level as three doses of the same vaccine. Those who began immunization with serum vaccine and concluded with recombinant vaccine should be monitored for an accelerated drop in serum antibodies.

P1489HEPATITIS B AND C IN DIALYSIS UNITS IN ALMATY

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arina Yespotayeva ◽  
Kairat Kabulbayev ◽  
Abduzhappar Gaipov ◽  
Zauresh Amreyeva ◽  
Zhanar Mursalova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Blood Transfusions ◽  
Preventive Behaviors ◽  
Maintenance Haemodialysis ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background and Aims Patients getting maintenance haemodialysis (HD) are at higher risk for acquiring Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infections than the general population. Strict infection control measures are essential to prevent nosocomial transmission. We aimed to investigate the incidence and prevalence of HBV and HCV infection in the HD population of Almaty dialysis units as well as risk factors for infection. Method All adult patients getting maintenance HD (n=700) in Almaty dialysis centres (n=4) were studied between May 2016 and December 2019. Testing for Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and anti-HCV antibodies was performed at initiation of dialysis and every 3–6 months thereafter. Serological markers for HBV and HCV were determined with immunoenzymatic assay (ELISA). Results Participant median age was 40 years and 58% were male. 110 patients (34.9%) were sero-positive for HBV and/or HCV (anti-HCV positive 31.1%; HBsAg positive 2.6%; both positive 1.2%). Of the sero-positive patients 4.7% were known to be infected before the initiation of HD. The prevalence of HBV±HCV infection varied widely between HD centres from 0% to 75.9%. Sero-positive patients were younger, had longer time on dialysis and more previous blood transfusions. Wide variation in rates of newly acquired infections was observed between dialysis centres. All new HBV cases were referred from centres already treating HBV infected patients. New HCV infections were reported in most centres but the rate of HCV sero-conversion varied widely from 1.5% to 31%. Duration of dialysis, history of previous renal transplant and history of receiving HD in another centre in Almaty were significantly associated with sero-conversion. Major risk factors identified by a standard questionnaire in 302 of 270 patients were the number of blood transfusions individuals had received and duration of dialysis, the latter including patients who received no blood transfusions Conclusion HBV and HCV prevalence in our HD patients is still high. These data emphasize the need for stricter adherence to infection control, barrier precaution and preventive behaviors with all patients. In summary, the prevalence of HBV and HCV in our HD patients is still high. These data emphasize the need for stricter adherence to infection control, barrier precaution and preventive behaviors with all patients.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document