Benign Metastasizing Leiomyoma of the Lung: Potential Role of Low-Grade Malignancy

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive malignant glioma. Therapeutic targeting of GBM is made more difficult due to its heterogeneity, resistance to treatment, and diffuse infiltration into the brain parenchyma. Better understanding of the tumor microenvironment should aid in finding more effective management of GBM. GBM-associated macrophages (GAM) comprise up to 30% of the GBM microenvironment. Therefore, exploration of GAM activity/function and their specific markers are important for developing new therapeutic agents. In this study, we identified and evaluated the expression of ALDH1A2 in the GBM microenvironment, and especially in M2 GAM, though it is also expressed in reactive astrocytes and multinucleated tumor cells. We demonstrated that M2 GAM highly express ALDH1A2 when compared to other ALDH1 family proteins. Additionally, GBM samples showed higher expression of ALDH1A2 when compared to low-grade gliomas (LGG), and this expression was increased upon tumor recurrence both at the gene and protein levels. We demonstrated that the enzymatic product of ALDH1A2, retinoic acid (RA), modulated the expression and activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in macrophages, but not in GBM tumor cells. Thus, the expression of ALDH1A2 may promote the progressive phenotype of GBM.

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Benign Metastasizing Leiomyoma of the Uterus

Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine ◽

10.5858/1999-123-0960-bmlotu ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 123 (10) ◽

pp. 960-962 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jose M. Esteban ◽

Warren M. Allen ◽

Raymond H. Schaerf

Keyword(s):

Low Grade ◽

Benign Metastasizing Leiomyoma ◽

Nuclear Pleomorphism ◽

Benign Leiomyoma ◽

Histopathologic Evaluation ◽

Primary Neoplasm ◽

Metastasizing Leiomyoma ◽

Immunohistochemical Studies ◽

Leiomyoma Of The Uterus ◽

Rule Out

Abstract Benign uterine leiomyoma metastasizing to the lung is a recognized entity that has been reported infrequently in the medical literature. There is persisting controversy regarding the pathogenesis and biology of these lesions. We report a well-studied and well-characterized case of benign leiomyoma metastasizing to the lung. The patient was a 72-year-old woman with an enlarged uterus that contained several leiomyomas with usual histology. Areas of fibrosis, hyalinization, edema, and focal infarction together with small foci with mildly increased cellularity and minimal nuclear pleomorphism were seen. Careful and repeated mitotic counts ranged from 0 to 2 mitoses per 10 high-power fields. In summary, based on histopathologic criteria, the neoplasm was determined to be a focally cellular benign leiomyoma. Four years later, the patient underwent surgical resection of a single nodule in the lung, which had been detected on routine radiographs. Histopathologic evaluation showed a low-grade leiomyosarcoma with moderate nuclear pleomorphism, necrosis, and brisk mitotic activity. Immunohistochemical studies performed on both neoplasms showed them to be of mesenchymal derivation with smooth muscle differentiation. Both neoplasms expressed estrogen receptors with moderate to strong intensity. The patient received no further treatment and, to date, shows no evidence of recurrent disease. The diagnosis of benign metastasizing leiomyoma can only be made with certainty after careful and extensive sampling of the primary tumor to exclude small foci of sarcoma and of the pulmonary tumor to rule out a primary neoplasm. Although it is biologically peculiar, benign metastasizing leiomyoma should continue to be recognized as a distinct entity because current morphologic criteria do not allow primary myometrial tumors to be reclassified as leiomyomas of uncertain malignant potential even if they have metastasized to the lung.

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NI-11 * THE POTENTIAL ROLE OF 18F-FDOPA PET IMAGING IN THE EVALUATION OF LOW-GRADE GLIOMAS

Neuro-Oncology ◽

10.1093/neuonc/nou264.11 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 16 (suppl 5) ◽

pp. v140-v140

Author(s):

C. Carapella ◽

A. Chiaravalloti ◽

V. Villani ◽

A. Vidiri ◽

F. Piludu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pet Imaging ◽

Potential Role ◽

Low Grade ◽

Low Grade Gliomas

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Potential role of plasma extracellular vesicles in microbial translocation and cardiovascular risk in people living with HIV and type 2 diabetes

10.21203/rs.3.rs-577637/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Beate Vestad ◽

Tuula Anneli Nyman ◽

Malene Hove-Skovsgaard ◽

Maria Stensland ◽

Hedda Hoel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Extracellular Vesicles ◽

Potential Role ◽

Microbial Translocation ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Low Grade

Abstract Background: HIV and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are both associated with gut microbiota alterations, low-grade endotoxemia and increased cardiovascular risk. We investigated the potential role of plasma extracellular vesicles (EVs) in relation to these processes. Materials and methods: Plasma EVs were isolated by size exclusion chromatography in fasting individuals with HIV and T2D (n=16), T2D only (n=14), HIV only (n=20) or healthy controls (n=19), and characterized by transmission electron microscopy, western blot, nanoparticle tracking analysis and quantitative proteomics. The findings were compared to gut microbiota alterations, lipopolysaccharide levels and cardiovascular risk profile. Results: Individuals with concomitant HIV and T2D had higher plasma EV concentration, which correlated closely with plasma lipopolysaccharides, triglycerides and Framingham score, but not with gut microbiota alterations. Proteomic analyses identified 558 human proteins, largely related to cardiometabolic disease genes and upstream regulation of inflammatory pathways, including IL-6 and IL-1β, as well as 30 bacterial proteins, mostly from lipopolysaccharide-producing Proteobacteria. Conclusions: Our study supports that EVs are related to microbial translocation processes in individuals with HIV and T2D. Their proteomic content suggests a contributing role in low-grade inflammation and cardiovascular risk development. The present approach for exploring gut-host crosstalk can potentially identify novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

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L-carnitine as primary or adjuvant treatment in infertile patients with varicocele. A systematic review

Archivio Italiano di Urologia e Andrologia ◽

10.4081/aiua.2020.3.263 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 92 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Georgios Tsampoukas ◽

Muhammad Faisal Khan ◽

Antigoni Katsouri ◽

Waseem Akhter ◽

Mohamad Moussa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adjuvant Treatment ◽

Animal Studies ◽

English Language ◽

Potential Role ◽

Randomized Study ◽

Semen Parameters ◽

Favourable Effect ◽

Low Grade ◽

Infertile Patients

Background: Varicocele has been found to impair the function of the epididymis resulting in subfertility whereas the varicocelectomy can resolve the phenomenon. L-carnitine is regarded as a biomarker for the function of the epididymis and has been found in reduced concentrations in infertile patients of various causes, including infertile men with varicocele. It seems that Lcarnitine and varicocele share clinical significance and the area of research looks promising. Objective: To identify the role of L-carnitine in the treatment of varicocele. Materials and methods: A systematic search was performed in Pubmed/Medline with the terms (L-carnitine) and (varicocele) and (L-carnitine) and (varicocelectomy). Inclusion criteria were studies reported outcomes of L-carnitine administration alone or in duet, as primary or adjuvant treatment to varicocele. Exclusion criteria were non-English language and animal studies. Studies using L-carnitine as part of a panel of therapeutic agents were avoided. Results: Only four suitable studies were identified for discussion. In one randomized study, the combination of L-carnitine and cinnoxicam improved semen parameters in patients with non-high-grade varicocele compared to L-carnitine alone and had a favourable effect on pregnancy rates but the effect of grade is unknown. In another study, as an adjuvant treatment to varicocelectomy, L-carnitine showed no clear benefit. Finally, in comparison to surgery, the results are inconclusive; two studies showed some benefit might be expected in low-grade or subclinical varicocele, but surgery appears superior. Conclusions: The evidence regarding the role of L-carnitine as a primary or adjuvant treatment of varicocele is sparse. The pathophysiological significance of L-carnitine implicates a potential role of the molecule in the management of varicocele, but the evidence so far is controversial for any recommendations. L-carnitine might be taken into consideration in selected cases; however, further search is needed in order the optimal role of L-carnitine in infertile patients with varicocele to be clarified.

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High-Density Lipoproteins Are Bug Scavengers

Biomolecules ◽

10.3390/biom10040598 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 598 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Olivier Meilhac ◽

Sébastien Tanaka ◽

David Couret

Keyword(s):

Potential Role ◽

Protective Role ◽

High Density ◽

High Density Lipoproteins ◽

Special Focus ◽

Low Grade ◽

Reverse Transport ◽

Bacterial Lipopolysaccharides ◽

Low Grade Inflammation

Lipoproteins were initially defined according to their composition (lipids and proteins) and classified according to their density (from very low- to high-density lipoproteins—HDLs). Whereas their capacity to transport hydrophobic lipids in a hydrophilic environment (plasma) is not questionable, their primitive function of cholesterol transporter could be challenged. All lipoproteins are reported to bind and potentially neutralize bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS); this is particularly true for HDL particles. In addition, HDL levels are drastically decreased under infectious conditions such as sepsis, suggesting a potential role in the clearance of bacterial material and, particularly, LPS. Moreover, "omics" technologies have unveiled significant changes in HDL composition in different inflammatory states, ranging from acute inflammation occurring during septic shock to low-grade inflammation associated with moderate endotoxemia such as periodontal disease or obesity. In this review, we will discuss HDL modifications associated with exposure to pathogens including bacteria, viruses and parasites, with a special focus on sepsis and the potential of HDL therapy in this context. Low-grade inflammation associated with atherosclerosis, periodontitis or metabolic syndrome may also highlight the protective role of HDLs in theses pathologies by other mechanisms than the reverse transport of cholesterol.

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Systemic Therapy in the Palliative Management of Advanced Salivary Gland Cancers

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2005.05.3025 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 24 (17) ◽

pp. 2673-2678 ◽

Cited By ~ 186

Author(s):

Scott A. Laurie ◽

Lisa Licitra

Keyword(s):

Salivary Gland ◽

Systemic Therapy ◽

Potential Role ◽

Wide Spectrum ◽

Salivary Gland Cancer ◽

Molecular Characteristics ◽

Low Grade ◽

Few Data ◽

Systemic Therapies

Cancers of the salivary glands are unusual lesions that vary widely in their histologic appearance and molecular characteristics. Likewise, there is a wide spectrum of biologic behavior, ranging from low-grade, minimally invasive tumors, to highly lethal malignancies. There are few data on the role of systemic therapies in the management of these cancers, and chemotherapy is generally reserved for the palliative management of advanced disease that is not amenable to local therapies such as surgery and/or radiation. The majority of patients for whom systemic therapy is considered will have either adenoid cystic carcinoma, mucoepidermoid carcinoma, or high-grade adenocarcinoma. This article will review the available literature regarding the use of palliative chemotherapy for patients with advanced salivary gland cancer of these histologies, with an emphasis on the potential role of targeted agents. There is a need for a determined, coordinated effort to conduct high-quality clinical trials in patients with these rare cancers.

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