scholarly journals When the lens is too wide: The political consequences of the visual dehumanization of refugees

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruben T. Azevedo ◽  
Sophie De Beukelaer ◽  
Isla L. Jones ◽  
Lou Safra ◽  
Manos Tsakiris
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Small Groups ◽  
News Coverage ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Political Consequences ◽  
Visual Framing ◽  
The Media ◽  
Refugee Policies ◽  
Visual Depiction ◽  
Large Groups

AbstractPhotojournalistic images shape our understanding of sociopolitical events. How humans are depicted in images may have far-reaching consequences for our attitudes towards them. Social psychology has shown how the visualization of an ‘identifiable victim effect’ can elicit empathic responses. However, images of identifiable victims in the media are the exception rather than the norm. In the context of the Syrian refugee crisis, the majority of images in Western media depicted refugees as large unidentifiable groups. While the effects of the visual depiction of single individuals are well-known, the ways in which the visual framing of large groups operates, and its social and political consequences, remain unknown. We here focus on the visual depiction of refugees to understand how exposure to the dominant visual framing used in the media, depicting them in large groups of faceless individuals, affects their dehumanization and sets off political consequences. To that end we brought together insights from social psychology, social sciences and the humanities to test a range of hypotheses using methods from social and political psychology in 10 studies with the participation of 3951 European citizens. Seeing images of large groups resulted in greater implicit dehumanization compared with images depicting refugees in small groups. Images of large groups are also explicitly rated as more dehumanizing, and when coupled with meta-data such as newspaper headlines, images continue to play a significant and independent role on how (de)humanizing we perceive such news coverage to be. Moreover, after viewing images of large groups, participants showed increased preference for more dominant and less trustworthy-looking political leaders and supported fewer pro-refugee policies and more anti-refugee policies. In terms of a mechanistic understanding of these effects, the extent to which participants felt pity for refugees depicted in large groups as opposed to small groups mediated the effect of visual framing on the choice of a more authoritarian-looking leader. What we see in the media and how it is shown not only has consequences for the ways in which we relate to other human beings and our behaviour towards them but, ultimately, for the functioning of our political systems.

scholarly journals When the lens is too wide: the political consequences of the visual dehumanization of refugees

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manos Tsakiris ◽  
Ruben Azevedo ◽  
Sophie De Beukelaer ◽  
Isla Jones ◽  
Lou Safra
Keyword(s):  
Small Groups ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Political Consequences ◽  
Visual Framing ◽  
The Media ◽  
Refugee Policies ◽  
Visual Depiction ◽  
Large Groups

Photojournalistic images shape our understanding of sociopolitical events. How humans are depicted in images may have far-reaching consequences for our attitudes towards them. Here, we focus on the visual depiction of refugees to understand how exposure to the dominant visual framing used in the media, depicting them in large groups of faceless individuals, affects their dehumanization and sets off political consequences. Seeing images of large groups resulted in greater implicit dehumanization compared with images depicting small groups. Moreover, after viewing images of large groups, participants showed increased preference for more dominant, less trustworthy political leaders and supported less pro-refugee policies and more anti-refugee policies. Lastly, the extent to which participants felt reduced pity for images depicting large groups mediated the effect of visual framing on the choice of more authoritarian leaders. What we see in the media and how it is shown has attitudinal, behavioural as well as political consequences.

Terrorism Manifestations

2014 ◽  
pp. 45-60
Author(s):  
Jonathan R. White
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Small Groups ◽  
Unconventional Warfare ◽  
International Alliances ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Terrorist Groups ◽  
War And Conflict ◽  
The Media ◽  
Large Groups

This chapter examines the tactical aspects of terrorism. It begins by focusing on the nature of war and conflict in the 21st century, suggesting that technology, economic structures, and communication have changed the way war is waged. It argues that small groups of aggrieved people may conduct campaigns of unconventional warfare against individual nations or international alliances. Although such violence is manifested in many ways, it is typically labeled as “terrorism.” The chapter also demonstrates how large groups and nation states may participate in terrorist activities by either using terrorist tactics or supporting terrorist groups. The next part of the chapter focuses on the specific actions that constitute the tactics of terrorism, examining tactical innovations within various campaigns. The chapter concludes with an analysis of tactical force multipliers, and it introduces the role of the media within this context.

Media Priming Effect: A Preregistered Replication Experiment

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-94
Author(s):  
Tetsuro Kobayashi ◽  
Asako Miura ◽  
Kazunori Inamasu
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Priming Effect ◽  
Television News ◽  
News Coverage ◽  
Evening News ◽  
Media Priming ◽  
Replication Experiment ◽  
The Media ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Effects Of Media

AbstractIyengar et al. (1984, The Evening News and Presidential Evaluations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 46(4): 778–87) discovered the media priming effect, positing that by drawing attention to certain issues while ignoring others, television news programs help define the standards by which presidents are evaluated. We conducted a direct replication of Experiment 1 by Iyengar et al. (1984, The Evening News and Presidential Evaluations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 46(4): 778–87) with some changes. Specifically, we (a) collected data from Japanese undergraduates; (b) reduced the number of conditions to two; (c) used news coverage of the issue of relocating US bases in Okinawa as the treatment; (d) measured issue-specific evaluations of the Japanese Prime Minister in the pre-treatment questionnaire; and (e) performed statistical analyses that are more appropriate for testing heterogeneity in the treatment effect. We did not find statistically significant evidence of media priming. Overall, the results suggest that the effects of media priming may be quite sensitive either to the media environment or to differences in populations in which the effect has been examined.

scholarly journals PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN MULTIMETER BERBASIS CD INTERAKTIF PADA MATA PELAJARAN DASAR LISTRIK DAN ELEKTRONIKA DI SMK NEGERI 3 SINGARAJA

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guna Suprapta ◽  
Agus Adiarta ◽  
Nyoman Santiyadnya
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Small Groups ◽  
Vocational High School ◽  
Student Responses ◽  
Tenth Grade ◽  
The Media ◽  
Large Groups

This research aims to find out 1) the design of interactive CD-based multimeter learning media, 2) the feasibility level of interactive CD-based multimeter learning media 3) student responses after using interactive CD-based multimeter learning media. This research was a type of Research and Development (R & D) and measurement of the feasibility level for media using the Linkert scale. This research was conducted on tenth grade (X) TAV 2 students at Singaraja State Vocational High School 3. The results of the research on the media were obtained: 1) interactive CD-based multimeter learning media can be made, 2) the percentage level of media feasibility from the media validator is 95.71% with very feasible qualifications and the percentage level of media feasibility from the material validator is 98.57% with very feasible qualifications, 3) getting a response from students with very good qualifications, that is getting the percentage of student responses in small groups is 89.07% with very good qualifications and the percentage of students responses in large groups is 92.93% with very good qualifications. Based on the results of the analysis, interactive CD-based multimeter learning media on Basic Electrical and Electronics subjects can be used as learning media for tenth grade (X) TAV students at Singaraja State Vocational High School.

scholarly journals Practicality of Physics through Integrated Science Student Worksheets

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Titik Rahayu ◽  
Syafrimen Syafril ◽  
Widya Wati ◽  
Ismail Suardi Wekke
Keyword(s):  
Cooperative Learning ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Small Groups ◽  
Science Studies ◽  
Science Student ◽  
Integrated Science ◽  
The Media ◽  
Large Groups ◽  
Very High

Cooperative learning type STAD belongs to a method that could be implemented in science studies worksheet especially in Physics. This research is aimed at finding out the respond of experts, practitioners, and students toward science studies worksheet in Physics in high schools. This research is termed as Research and Development. There are nine subjects (three material experts, three people of media experts and three practitioners) involved in assessing the appropriateness of the materials, design, and usability of the students worksheet. Seventy students (20 students are tested in small groups and 50 students are assessed in large groups) are involved to find out the effectivity of the integrated science studies worksheets. Validation sheets are intended to find out the respond of the experts and the practitioners. Meanwhile, students’ respond is collected through a questionnaire. The data is analyzed through desciptive statistict using Statistics Package For Social Science software (SPSS version 22.0). The findings show that the respond of the material experts is high (70%) and respond of the practitioners is also high (79%) as well as the respond of the media experts is very high (80%). Moreover, the students’ respond is very high (85.30% for small groups and 87.86% for large groups). These findings indicate that the integrated science worksheet is this research is meaningful and effective.

Terrorism Manifestations

2016 ◽  
pp. 425-440
Author(s):  
Jonathan R. White
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Small Groups ◽  
Unconventional Warfare ◽  
International Alliances ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Terrorist Groups ◽  
War And Conflict ◽  
The Media ◽  
Large Groups

This chapter examines the tactical aspects of terrorism. It begins by focusing on the nature of war and conflict in the 21st century, suggesting that technology, economic structures, and communication have changed the way war is waged. It argues that small groups of aggrieved people may conduct campaigns of unconventional warfare against individual nations or international alliances. Although such violence is manifested in many ways, it is typically labeled as “terrorism.” The chapter also demonstrates how large groups and nation states may participate in terrorist activities by either using terrorist tactics or supporting terrorist groups. The next part of the chapter focuses on the specific actions that constitute the tactics of terrorism, examining tactical innovations within various campaigns. The chapter concludes with an analysis of tactical force multipliers, and it introduces the role of the media within this context.

Preferences for the Scope of Protests

2020 ◽  
pp. 106591292090500
Author(s):  
Miquel Pellicer ◽  
Eva Wegner ◽  
Alexander De Juan
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
South African ◽  
Small Groups ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
The Political ◽  
Survey Experiment ◽  
Large Share ◽  
Political Consequences ◽  
Individual Preferences

This paper studies a dimension of protest largely overlooked in the literature: protest scope, that is, whether protests seek large, structural, changes for a large share of the population or focus on small-scale improvements for small groups. We argue that this protest dimension is relevant for understanding the political consequences of protests. We show empirically that protests vary substantially in scope and that scope is not collinear with other protest dimensions, such as size, motive, or tactics. We explore drivers of individual preferences for protest scope with a survey experiment in two South African townships. We find that respondents made to feel more efficacious tend to support protests of broader scope. This effect operates via a social psychology channel whereby efficacy leads people to assign blame for their problems to more systemic causes.

scholarly journals A Brief Analysis of News Collecting and Editing Strategies of Public Health Emergencies from the Perspective of New Media——Comparison of the SARS Epidemic and the COVID-19 Outbreak

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Bingjie Shi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
New Media ◽  
News Coverage ◽  
Response Speed ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Media Technologies ◽  
Public Health Emergencies ◽  
Media Comparison ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Government

<p>Public health emergency, especially contagion such as the SARS epidemic in 2003 and the COVID-19 outbreak recently happened, has been one of greatest challenges in human beings' history. How the government handles the epidemic situation will deeply reflect its political system and executive ability, as well as the capacity of all sectors of society to deal with public emergencies. The emergence and continuous development of new media technologies have promoted the transformation of news gathering and editing methods. Because of the experience gathered in the news coverage during SARS, the response speed of new media was greatly accelerated with the media literacy and professional level improved, which matters a great deal to the balance between the opening of information and public opinion control. Thus, government is capable of carrying out controls in a more effective way. Based on the research in the two cases, this paper aims to discuss the changes in efficiency, content transparency and form diversification of news collection and edit, with the discovery of some imperfections exposed in new media, in order to propose targeted improving measures.</p>

La psicologia del terrorismo

GRUPPI ◽  
2009 ◽  
pp. 65-80
Author(s):  
Eduard Klain
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Intergenerational Transmission ◽  
Projective Identification ◽  
Main Question ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Suicide Bomber ◽  
Suicide Bombers ◽  
The Media ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Large Groups

- Unfortunately, terrorism is an everyday thing in today's world. There are many reasons for terrorism and they are very complex: psychological, sociological, economic, etc. Man, unfortunately, needs an enemy as well as a friend, an enemy that he needs for the projection and projective identification of his own destructive aggressiveness. All of this is being transferred to small and large groups which form homogeneous assemblages based on religious, tribal, or national types, demonizing opposite groups. Medina defined terrorism as a sudden violent attack that threatens the life and welfare of human beings and aims at the defenseless victim. Basic aims of terrorism are to create panic and constant fear by repeating sudden, unpredictable attacks; often its goal is revenge, which in turn arouses the same desire for revenge in the victim, so that the terrorist himself appears to be the ultimate victim. Aims are also permanent demoralization of the victim and intergenerational transmission of fear, hopelessness, shame and hate. The media, especially television, stimulates destructive aggression in victims by awakening in them the most regressive instincts, which are projected onto the enemy. The media stimulate immature personalities to identify with terrorist - heroes. There is no psychology that is peculiar to suicide bombers: the most common terrorists of today. The first suicide bombers were Palestinians recruited from poor and traumatized families, educated in isolated camps. They were promised they would go to heaven, where they would enjoy food, drink and virgins. The terrorists who struck the Twin Towers in New York were educated, fanatically religious family people. The main question is whether we can defend ourselves from terrorism, and what future prospects await us. It is difficult to believe that terrorism will be eliminated in the near future, because there are a number of reasons for its existence.Key words: great enemy group, destructive aggression, group regression, Islamic fanaticism, suicide bomber (sciahid), intergenerational transmission of traumas.Parole chiave: grande gruppo nemico, aggressione distruttiva, regressione del gruppo, fanatismo islamico, dinamitardo suicida (sciahid), trasmissione transgenerazionale del trauma.

scholarly journals THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTERACTIVE MODULE TO SUPPORT STUDENT CENTERED LEARNING

Akademika ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 77-92
Author(s):  
Sudarman Sudarman ◽  
Ardian Ardian
Keyword(s):  
Product Development ◽  
Small Group ◽  
Small Groups ◽  
Evaluation Procedure ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Student Centered ◽  
Student Centered Learning ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
The Media ◽  
Large Groups

This study aims to develop an interactive module that supports student-centered learning and test the feasibility and the response of students to the interactive module. The product development stages use the Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation procedure. The validation of the developed products was carried out by two material experts and two media experts. Products that have been revised and get a proper assessment are tested out in small groups consisting of 5 teachers and tested in large groups consisting of 30 students. The results show that the interactive module as a support for Student Centered Learning is very good and feasible to use. This is based on the results of the validation of material experts which show the percentage of the feasibility level of 95% and the results of the validation of the media experts show the percentage of the feasibility level of 80%, while the small group trials and large group trials show the percentage of the feasibility level of 87% and 86% respectively. Meaning that it is in the very feasible category.

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