On the impact of rolling direction and tool orientation angle in Rotary Peen Forming

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gottschalk ◽  
G. Hirt
Keyword(s):  
Rolling Direction ◽  
Orientation Angle ◽  
Tool Orientation ◽  
Peen Forming ◽  
The Impact

Measuring and Quantifying the Surface-Roughness Anisotropy of Modeled and Industrially Produced Surfaces

2005 ◽  
Vol 6-8 ◽  
pp. 573-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.M. Wichern ◽  
W. Rasp
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Rolling Direction ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Roughness Parameter ◽  
Orientation Angle ◽  
Textured Surface ◽  
Angular Orientation ◽  
Textured Surfaces ◽  
Average Roughness ◽  
Dimensional Surface

‘Three-dimensional surface profilometry’ when used for analysis and product specification reports roughness parameters that provide an average surface description over a relatively large area. Many commercial sheet steels are produced with special textured surfaces for tribological benefits or appearance benefits. These surfaces, as well as others, may demonstrate high levels of roughness anisotropy that is not quantifiable by simple three dimensional surface parameters. This anisotropy can play an important role in the surface appearance of the finished product and in the tribological behaviour during forming. The current work presents a method for quantifying surface-roughness features as a function of angular orientation with respect to rolling direction. The measurement methodology was applied to several model surfaces and one industrially produced electron-beam textured-surface (EBT). This methodology extracts multiple surface-height profiles of the same angular orientation from a single surface and calculates an average roughness parameter for the orientation angle based on the multiple profiles. Particularly interesting results were the large number of profiles necessary to obtain repeatable values for the roughness variation with respect to direction and the strong influence of surface feature size on the repeatability of said results. These results indicate that care must be taken when using a single extracted profile to represent a ‘three-dimensional’ surface.

The Effect of Morphology and Distribution of Sulfides on Mechanical Properties and Fatigue Life of Non-Quenched and Tempered Steel

2008 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
Ming Tu Ma ◽  
Guo Zhong Li ◽  
Zhi Gang Li ◽  
Hong Zhou Lu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Fatigue Fracture ◽  
Rolling Direction ◽  
Impact Fracture ◽  
Fatigue Properties ◽  
Bending Fatigue ◽  
Quenched And Tempered Steel ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Tempered Steel

The effect of morphology and distribution of sulfides on tensile, impact and bending fatigue properties of non-quenched and tempered steel 49MnVS3 has been investigated in this paper. Microscopic structure and morphology of sulfides are observed, and impact fracture and fatigue fracture have been analyzed by SEM. The results show that the morphology of sulfides is mostly strip and distributes in ferrite, which affects mechanical properties and fatigue life. The length direction of sulfide strip is parallel to the rolling direction of steel. When the length of sulfide is short relatively and is approximate to the shape of particles. The impact properties and bending fatigue performance of 49MnVS3 are higher. Under those conditions, there are more ductile characteristics in their impact fracture and the fatigue fracture. The reasons for the effect of sulfide morphology on the mechanical and fatigue properties are explained.

scholarly journals Congratulations! The Best Paper Award 2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 853-854
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Selection Process ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Orientation Angle ◽  
Paper Award ◽  
Tool Orientation ◽  
Robotic Milling ◽  
The Future ◽  
Automation Technology

The 11th Best Paper Award 2020 ceremony was held virtually on September 23, 2020. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic and concerns about the health and safety of the attendees, the winners and IJAT committee members who took part in the selection process attended through Zoom. The Best Paper was carefully selected from among the 84 papers published in Vol.13 (2019). The Best Paper Award winners were given a certificate with a nearly USD 1,000 honorarium. We congratulate the winners and sincerely wish them success in the future. The Best Paper Award 2020 Title: Tool Orientation Angle Optimization for a Multi-Axis Robotic Milling System Authors: Leandro Batista da Silva, Hayato Yoshioka, Hidenori Shinno, and Jiang Zhu Int. J. of Automation Technology, Vol.13 No.5, pp. 574-582, September 2019

scholarly journals Features of the formation of structure and mechanical properties in rolled products of various thicknesses from low-carbon microalloyed steel produced by casting and rolling complex

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (9) ◽  
pp. 669-678
Author(s):  
V. V. Naumenko ◽  
K. S. Smetanin ◽  
А. V. Muntin ◽  
O. А. Baranova ◽  
S. V. Kovtunov
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Stress Concentrator ◽  
Microalloyed Steel ◽  
Rolling Direction ◽  
Large Angle ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Rolled Metal ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Carbon Microalloyed ◽  
The Impact

The article considers results of the study of microstructure parameters effect on the impact strength in temperature range from 0 to –80  °C in 20  °C increments of Charpy samples with a sharp stress concentrator and Mesnager test pieces with a circular stress concentrator from rolled coils of low-carbon microalloyed steel with various thicknesses. The used roll products were produced in conditions of JSC “Vyksa Metallurgical Plant”. The tests were performed using optical and scanning electron microscopy. It is shown that with the same chemical composition and thermomechanical treatment modes, the metal of smaller thickness (6, 8 mm) is characterized by higher strength properties (on average, by 10 MPa for temporary resistance, by 30 MPa for yield strength) and a margin for viscous properties at negative temperatures at close values of grain score and average grain size corresponding to 10 – 11 numbers according to the State standard GOST 5639. The metal with a thickness of 12 mm has the lowest level of cold resistance, and the temperature of brittle transition is minus 50 °C. Structure of rolled products of various thicknesses has a variation in grain size. Rolled metal of smaller thicknesses have a smaller grains corresponding to number 14, rolled metal of larger thicknesses has a larger grains corresponding to number 8. By conducting electron microscopic studies using the backscattered electron method, it was found that a greater number of large-angle boundaries, which are barriers for brittle cracks propagation, are observed in the 6, 8 mm thick rolled products. The constructed orientation maps of the microstructure showed the presence of pronounced deformation texture corresponding to the orientations <110>||RD (rolling direction) and (<113>...<112>)||RD for rolled products with a thickness of 6 mm.

scholarly journals Fabrication of Tapered 3D Microstructure Arrays Using Dual-Exposure Lithography (DEL)

Micromachines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 903
Author(s):  
Venkatakrishnan Rengarajan ◽  
Junnan Geng ◽  
Yu Huang
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Microcontact Printing ◽  
Orientation Angle ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Optical Diffraction ◽  
Pdms Surface ◽  
3D Microstructure ◽  
Aspect Ratios ◽  
The Impact

Three-dimensional (3D) microstructure arrays (MSAs) have been widely used in material science and biomedical applications by providing superhydrophobic surfaces, cell-interactive topography, and optical diffraction. These properties are tunable through the engineering of microstructure shapes, dimensions, tapering, and aspect ratios. However, the current fabrication methods are often too complex, expensive, or low-throughput. Here, we present a cost-effective approach to fabricating tapered 3D MSAs using dual-exposure lithography (DEL) and soft lithography. DEL used a strip-patterned film mask to expose the SU-8 photoresist twice. The mask was re-oriented between exposures (90° or 45°), forming an array of dual-exposed areas. The intensity distribution from both exposures overlapped and created an array of 3D overcut micro-pockets in the unexposed regions. These micro-pockets were replicated to DEL-MSAs in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The shape and dimension of DEL-MSAs were tuned by varying the DEL parameters (e.g., exposure energy, inter-exposure wait time, and the photomask re-orientation angle). Further, we characterized various properties of our DEL-MSAs and studied the impact of their shape and dimension. All DEL-MSAs showed optical diffraction capability and increased hydrophobicity compared to plain PDMS surface. The hydrophobicity and diffraction angles were tunable based on the MSA shape and aspect ratio. Among the five MSAs fabricated, the two tallest DEL-MSAs demonstrated superhydrophobicity (contact angles >150°). Further, these tallest structures also demonstrated patterning proteins (with ~6–7 μm resolution), and mammalian cells, through microcontact printing and direct culturing, respectively. Our DEL method is simple, scalable, and cost-effective to fabricate structure-tunable microstructures for anti-wetting, optical-, and bio-applications.

The Impact Collapse Characteristics of Al/CFRP Members for Light-Weight

2006 ◽  
Vol 321-323 ◽  
pp. 881-884
Author(s):  
In Young Yang ◽  
Kil Sung Lee ◽  
Cheon Seok Cha
Keyword(s):  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Fiber Orientation ◽  
Brittle Failure ◽  
Orientation Angle ◽  
Specific Strength ◽  
Reinforced Plastics ◽  
Collapse Characteristics ◽  
Fiber Orientation Angle ◽  
Strength And Stiffness ◽  
The Impact

In this study, the impact collapse tests were performed to investigate collapse characteristics of Al/CFRP member which were composed of aluminum members wrapped with CFRP (Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics) outside aluminum member. Aluminum members absorb energy by stable plastic deformation, while CFRP members absorb energy by unstable brittle failure with higher specific strength and stiffness than those in the aluminum member. In an attempt to achieve a synergy effect by combing the two members, Al/CFRP members were manufactured and impact collapse tests were performed for the members. Based on the respective collapse characteristics of aluminum and CFRP members, the collapse modes and energy absorption capability were analyzed for Al/CFRP member which have different fiber orientation angle of CFRP. Test results showed that the collapse of the Al/CFRP member complemented unstable brittle failure of the CFRP member due to ductile nature of the inner aluminum member and the fiber orientation angle of Al/CFRP members influence energy absorption capability and collapse mode.

scholarly journals Microstructural Dynamics of the Myocardium: Orientation of the Muscle Fibers and Occurrence of Cardiomyopathies

2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
René Thierry Djoumessi ◽  
François Beceau Pelap
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Compression Test ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Orientation Angle ◽  
Tissue Level ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Congenital Diseases ◽  
Organ Level ◽  
Stress States ◽  
The Impact

This paper considers the Holzapfel–Ogden (HO) model to examine the behavior of the left ventricle myocardium. At the tissue level, we analyze the contributions of the orientation angle of muscle fibers (MFs) and investigate their effects on the occurrence of certain cardiomyopathies and congenital diseases at the organ level. Knowing the importance of myocardial microstructure on cardiac function, we vary the angle between the direction of collagen sheets and MFs in all layers of the myocardium (from epicardium to endocardium) to model the effects of tilted MFs. Based on the HO model in which the directions of the fibers are orthogonal and using the strain energy of HO, we construct a tensile-compression test and simulate the dynamics of a cubic sample. We recover the authors’ results exhibiting the existence of residual stresses in various directions. Then, we modify the energy of HO slightly to assess the impact of the same stress states on the system with tilted MFs. A numerical tensile-compression test performed on this new cubic sample shows that, in certain directions, the heart tissue is more resistant to shear deformations in some planes than in others. Moreover, it appears that the residual stress is smaller as the angle of orientation of the MFs is small. Furthermore, we observe that the residual stress is greater in the new model compared to the normal HO model. This could affect the heart muscle at the organ level leading to hypertrophied/dilated cardiomyopathy.

scholarly journals Influence of Longitudinal Scratch Defects on the Bendability of Titanium Alloy

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
JS Kwame ◽  
◽  
E Yakushina ◽  
P Blackwell ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Defects ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Rolling Direction ◽  
Sheet Rolling ◽  
Process Failure ◽  
Sheet Formability ◽  
As Stress ◽  
Induced Defects ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Brake Forming

Post-manufacturing induced defects in the form of scratches are sometimes inadvertently introduced onto sheet metal surfaces during either transportation, storage or handling. However, limited research has been previously carried out to establish the impact of such surface defects on sheet formability. Test trial results after press brake forming of Ti-3Al-2.5V showed that for longitudinal scratches oriented along the sheet rolling direction, scratch profiles with depth in the ranges of -1μm to -18μm and pile up height between 1μm to 16μm can be successfully formed; hence could be deemed acceptable during the sheet selection process. Failure of the coupons during the press brake forming trials was due to the impact of the scratch defects in their role as stress raisers and occurred primarily at the longitudinal scratch defect zones

scholarly journals A software for online monitoring of orientation-compensated forces during CI insertion

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-100
Author(s):  
Viktor Schell ◽  
Georg Böttcher ◽  
Leon Budde ◽  
M. Geraldine Zuniga ◽  
Thomas Lenarz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Online Monitoring ◽  
Electrode Array ◽  
Force Sensor ◽  
Calibration Procedure ◽  
Test Series ◽  
Measurement Unit ◽  
Tool Orientation ◽  
Electrode Holder ◽  
Extra Weight ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The electrode array insertion is a critical point during CI surgery and should be performed as gently as possible to preserve residual hearing. In order to measure occurring forces, an insertion tool with an integrated force sensor and an inertial measurement unit (IM U) is being developed. The weight of the electrode holder and the sensor add an unknown offset to the measured forces, depending on the tool orientation. To address this problem, a software which calculates the orientation-induced error and computes a corrected force was developed. The software was written in C++ using the library Qt 5.12.9. For maximization of the computing frequency, the data acquisition of both sensors and the monitoring was parallelized. An algorithm was developed to calculate the error caused by the electrode holder and sensor. For this purpose both weights were determined in a calibration procedure and merged with the provided IM U data. The evaluation was done in two test series (each n=5) with different initial tool orientations. To this end a stepwise 360° rotation around the horizontal axis was performed, while recording the corrected forces. The developed software allows a computing frequency up to 100 Hz with a latency of 10 ms for the online monitoring of the processed data. The evaluation of the corrected force shows a residual error of 0.347 mN ± 0.325 mN for the first and 0.176 mN ± 1.971 mN for the second test series. With the created algorithm, the impact of the extra weight on the sensor can be almost fully equalized. The highly responsive software offers a new possibility to process insertion forces and provide feedback to surgeons. Determining the influence of the tool orientation on the corrected forces is the subject of future researches.

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