Danger Ahead? The Impact of Fear of Crime on People's Recreational Use of Nonmotorised Shared-Use Routes

10.1068/c24m ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 741-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Ravenscroft ◽  
David Uzzell ◽  
Rachel Leach
Keyword(s):  
Focus Groups ◽  
Fear Of Crime ◽  
Systemic Reaction ◽  
Public Domain ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Recreational Use

In this paper we discuss the incidence of actual and perceived victimisation in people's recreational use of nonmotorised shared-use routes. Using the findings from eight focus groups, we show that, despite encountering very few conflictual situations when on shared-use routes, the fear of accidents and assaults has a significant impact on some people in some environments. The findings lend support to broader theorisations about people's insecurity when outside the home, where fear is an increasingly systemic reaction to the ways in which understandings of the public domain are shifting.

scholarly journals Globalization, Knowledge Economy and the implication for Indigenous Knowledge

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 55-62
Author(s):  
Kgomotso H Moahi
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge Economy ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Public Domain ◽  
The Public ◽  
The World ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Flow Of Information

This paper considers the impact that globalization and the knowledge economy have on the protection and promotion of indigenous knowledge. It is asserted that globalization and the knowledge economy have opened up the world and facilitated the flow of information and knowledge. However, the flow of knowledge has been governed by uneven economic and political power between the developed countries and the devel-oping countries. This has a number of ramifications for IK. The dilemma faced is that whichever method is taken to protect IK (IPR regimes, documenting IK etc) exposes IK to some misappropriation. Protecting it through IPR is also fraught with problems. Documenting IK exposes IK to the public domain and makes it that much easier to be misused. However, not protecting IK runs the danger of having it disappear as the custodians holding it die off, or as communities become swamped by the effects of globalization. The conclu-sion therefore is that governments have to take more interest in protecting, promoting and using IK than they have been doing.

The Shock of the “New World”

Super Bomb ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 18-39
Author(s):  
Ken Young ◽  
Warner R. Schilling
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
Atomic Bomb ◽  
Public Domain ◽  
Fissionable Material ◽  
Nuclear Threat ◽  
Atomic Weapons ◽  
The Public ◽  
Bomb Test ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The U.S

This chapter is an account of the impact on U.S. thinking and policy of the first Soviet atomic bomb test. It ended the U.S. monopoly of atomic weapons—a development that some had foreseen and others had discounted as a possibility. An atomic Russia triggered fears of a “bolt from the blue” assault on U.S. cities. One reaction was to seek to prioritize U.S. air defenses. Another was to confirm the program agreed to that summer to accelerate the production of fissionable material for atomic bombs. The surge of anxiety also brought hitherto obscure speculations about thermonuclear physics into the public domain. It seemed apparent to some that the Soviet nuclear threat should be countered not by a multiplication of atomic bombs but by an American “superbomb.”

scholarly journals Spreading emotions in 140 characters: a pilot study in Twitter following the Barcelona terror attacks

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Gretenkort ◽  
Francisco Javier Castro-Toledo ◽  
Miriam Esteve ◽  
Fernando Miró-Llinares
Keyword(s):  
Public Management ◽  
Fear Of Crime ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Online Social Network ◽  
Written Text ◽  
The Public ◽  
Terror Attacks ◽  
Perception Of Security ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Linguistic Material

The online social network Twitter, apart from being one of the main vehicles of communication in the cyberspace, has become an effective diffusor of fear of crime. The latter phenomenon has caught the attention of researchers since the 1960’s, amongst other reasons due to the impact on the citizens’ quality of life and consequently the call for its public management. Yet, the evaluation of fear of crime in the cyberspace, and more precisely on Twitter, is practically inexistent to the date.Based on a sample of tweets pertaining to three different hashtags (#prayforbarcelona, #stopislam, and #barcelona), which were gathered during the attacks on Barcelona in August 2017, our study pretends to investigate how users (n = 450) of Twitter perceive tweets to affect the public appraisal of security. These data were contrasted with a database of affective norms for more than 10,000 words in the Spanish language (Stadthagen-González, Ferré, Pérez-Sánchez, Imbault, & Hinojosa, 2017). We correlated the emotive values of tweets (based on their lexicon) with the estimations of our research participants. The results show significant correlations between various discrete basic emotions (fear, happiness, sadness) ) and our participants’ judgements. We achieved the same for one continuous emotional dimension (valence). This study shows, even though not conclusively, that the emotion transported via the linguistic material has an impact on the estimated likelihood of affecting the public perception of security when elicited in a space of potential crime, specifically in the cyberspace. Our results allow us to (1) continue along this kind of method, contrasting traditional methodology by approaching fear of crime through a combination of Big Data Analysis and linguistic emotion detection in written text. They furthermore allow us to (2) establish the methodological bases to design an automatized detector of fear of crime for Twitter, which we will attempt in a series of follow up studies. Our long-term goal is to program classifying algorithms to identify linguistic material with a high likelihood of affecting the public feeling of security.

scholarly journals An Australian Longitudinal Study Into Remnant Data Recovered From Second-Hand Memory Cards

2020 ◽  
pp. 542-559
Author(s):  
Patryk Szewczyk ◽  
Krishnun Sansurooah ◽  
Patricia A. H. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Public Domain ◽  
Financial Loss ◽  
The Public ◽  
Government Organizations ◽  
Longitudinal Comparison ◽  
Forensic Tools ◽  
The Impact

Consumers demand fast, high capacity, upgradeable memory cards for portable electronic devices, with secure digital (SD) and microSD the most popular. Despite this demand, secure erasure of data is still not a composite part of disposure practices. To investigate the extent of this problem, second-hand memory cards were procured from the Australian eBay site between 2011 and 2015. Digital forensic tools were used to acquire and analyze each memory card to determine the type and quantity of remnant data. This paper presents the results of the 2014 and 2015 studies and compares these findings to the 2011–2013 research studies. The longitudinal comparison indicates resold memory cards are disposed insecurely, with personal, confidential and business data undeleted or easily recoverable. The impact of such discoveries, where information is placed in the public domain, has the potential to cause embarrassment and financial loss to individuals, business, and government organizations.

scholarly journals Discourse of Indonesian language in public domain: its use in public debate prior to the presidential election 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (S1) ◽  
pp. 922-934
Author(s):  
I Ketut Darma Laksana
Keyword(s):  
Presidential Election ◽  
Personal Development ◽  
Language Production ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Public Domain ◽  
Public Debate ◽  
The Public ◽  
The People ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The Impact

This paper discusses the use of Indonesian language in the public domain, especially in public debate. It aims to give readers an understanding of its use in the public debate before the presidential election 2019, which has worried the people. The use of Indonesian through lexical choices that contain slander, incitement, and hate speech can threaten the nation's unity. Therefore, the issues discussed are: (1) What is the thing behind using the language having negative meaning? (2) What is the impact on the personal development of the nation? (3) How to avoid using language that is not following our national identity? These three research questions are discussed using deconstruction and ethnography of speaking methods. By applying these two methods, the results show that the speakers with a particular 'motivation' have created and developed a new system of deviation along with the hope that they can play the ‘language market’, the value of language production making one’s position that he is right and tries to influent people in order to believe in perception he has built.

scholarly journals Student Affairs and Services during Covid‑19 in Africa: Mitigating the Pandemic’s Impact on Student Success

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Birgit Schreiber ◽  
Thierry M. Luescher ◽  
Brett Perozzi ◽  
Lisa Bardill Moscaritolo
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Student Success ◽  
Student Affairs ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Education Institution ◽  
Public Domain ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Impact

The Covid‑19 pandemic has highlighted the challenges that present obstacles to equitable learning and development in higher education in various parts of the world. African higher education and Student Affairs and Services (SAS) are faced with a set of challenges that are in part related to the resources within the institutions and in part due the sociocultural context into which the institutions are embedded. It is with this background that this study explores the impact of Covid‑19 on SAS in Africa, as part of a wider lens on SAS across the globe. The study was conducted with an online survey which generated 781 responses of Student Affairs practitioners from across the globe, of which 118 were from the African continent. The data show SAS’s critical role in mediating the various domains within and beyond the higher education institution that impact on student success. The domains that impact on student success include the students’ personal experiences, the public domain, the sociocultural community and familial milieu, and the institutional/ SAS domain. Thus, this article discusses SAS’s critical role in mediating the impact of these four domains on the student living and learning experience. The purpose of this article is to discuss the data and to use the data to gain insights into the way SAS has played a role in mitigating the impacts of Covid‑19 in four domains relevant for student success. Based on our findings, a systemic-contextual model is proposed that illustrates the relevance of four domains that need to synergise for students to be successful. Our data suggests that while SAS and universities do a great deal to support students in their learning, factors in the public domain, factors in the sociocultural community and familial milieu need to be conducive to learning to enable more student success in Africa.

scholarly journals Occupation Anarchique Du Domaine Public Dans La Commune De Yopougon A Abidjan : Une Complicite Des Autorites Locales ?

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (32) ◽  
pp. 248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Coulibaly Yaya ◽  
Kra Kouadio Eugène ◽  
Coulibaly Amadou
Keyword(s):  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Public Domain ◽  
Institutional Response ◽  
Legal Personality ◽  
The Public ◽  
Financial Autonomy ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Regional Authorities ◽  
The Impact

Long perceived as an institutional response to the problem of local development, the decentralization adopted and introduced in the 1980s favored the creation of numerous communes in Côte d'Ivoire. These local and regional authorities, which in principle have legal personality and financial autonomy, are struggling to satisfy the expectations of politicians and populations. Consequently, the consequences are felt in space and we are witnessing an anarchic and illegal occupation of public servitudes as is the case in the commune of Yopougon in Abidjan. The present study is thus a contribution to the lasting resolution of the problem of the anarchic occupation of the public domain for the preservation of the urban landscape of municipalities. The main objective is to show the impact on the urban landscape of the use of the improvement of municipalities' own revenue. The methodology used to achieve this objective was based on the observation, inventory of the spaces documentary research, observation and maintenance with local and governmental authorities to obtain data on the mode of acquisition and enhancement of spaces. The results reveal that these areas are occupied with more or less the agreement of the various local and governmental authorities and their management remains problematic.

How Do You Eat an Elephant? Reducing Mass Incarceration in California One Small Bite at a Time

2016 ◽  
Vol 664 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry Krisberg
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Fear Of Crime ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Mass Incarceration ◽  
Federal Court ◽  
The Public ◽  
State Prisons ◽  
Court Intervention ◽  
Different Response ◽  
The Impact

While most states are considering reducing the impact of mass incarceration in their prison systems, few states have faced a larger challenge than California, and few states have reduced their convict and parole population as much as California. Federal court intervention and a series of legislative and voter-initiated reforms in California have changed the landscape in one of the nation’s largest criminal justice systems. This article draws on a variety of data sources to explore a potentially historic moment in the quest to end mass incarceration; it remains to be seen whether the public debate over appropriate punishments changed among criminal justice interest groups, such as corrections officers, law enforcement, prosecutors, the judiciary, victim advocates, and liberal and conservative spokespersons. Has the fear of crime among the citizenry changed, and has the public embraced a different response to lawbreakers? There have been important law changes that reduce some felonies to lesser crimes and incentives to punish offenders in local corrections rather than state prisons (known as Realignment), but genuine reductions in mass incarceration will require even more actions. Based on my review of California trends in crime, punishment, and public opinion, I argue that even while there will likely be more progress in decriminalizing drug crimes and other nonviolent crimes, public attitudes toward more serious offenders will be decisive in forecasting the future of mass imprisonment and the California prison gulag. At present, California is pursuing an incremental approach to reducing the numbers in prison for very serious crimes. Reform of prisons is likely to consist of small bites of change in sentencing and parole policies.

Evaluation of the impact of public investment programs on social and economic performance of territories

2019 ◽  
pp. 109-123
Author(s):  
I. E. Limonov ◽  
M. V. Nesena
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Modeling ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
The Public ◽  
Export Activity ◽  
Regional Investment ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Development Institution

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of public investment programs on the socio-economic development of territories. As a case, the federal target programs for the development of regions and investment programs of the financial development institution — Vnesheconombank, designed to solve the problems of regional development are considered. The impact of the public interventions were evaluated by the “difference in differences” method using Bayesian modeling. The results of the evaluation suggest the positive impact of federal target programs on the total factor productivity of regions and on innovation; and that regional investment programs of Vnesheconombank are improving the export activity. All of the investments considered are likely to have contributed to the reduction of unemployment, but their implementation has been accompanied by an increase in social inequality.

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