Control Stimuli in Investigations of the Acute-Angled and Obtuse-Angled Müller-Lyer Illusions

Perception ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
June Adam ◽  
Layna Bateman
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Separation ◽  
Control Stimulus ◽  
Stimulus Property ◽  
The Past ◽  
Lyer Illusion ◽  
Straight Line

Over the past decade, attention has been drawn to the importance of intertip distance (the distance between the tips of the arrowheads or featherheads) as a possible determinant of the Müller-Lyer illusion. Investigation of this stimulus property for the arrowhead and featherhead components of the Müller-Lyer figure has indicated that the two components exhibit a lack of symmetry, a conclusion supported by other studies using rather different approaches to the investigation of symmetry. This article argues that the control stimuli used in previous investigations are inadequate. It is proposed that in addition to the conventional straight-line control stimulus, in which the standard shaft is stripped of the oblique inducing lines, H-shaped figures in which the inducing lines are vertical should be included. Results are reported of an experiment in which both types of control stimuli are used to investigate the effects of intertip distance, and the spatial separation of that distance from the standard shaft, upon the arrowhead and featherhead figures.

scholarly journals If we look for timelessness in architecture, we must look to tradition

2020 ◽  
pp. 564-564
Author(s):  
Clive Aslet
Keyword(s):  
Urban Design ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The Past ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
The Future

Architects are no more successful at predicting the future than astrologers or soothsayers. Human beings are quick to adapt to new realities and development does not go in a straight line; they can have – from a Modernist perspective – a perverse attachment to traditions that bring the past into the present. If timelessness means the sense of stepping outside time and change that comes from ignoring passing fashions, we must look to tradition rather than Modernism. Book review Robert Adam Time for Architecture: On Modernity, Memory and Time in Architecture and Urban Design Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2020

scholarly journals Advection on Cut-Cell Grids for an Idealized Mountain of Constant Slope

2017 ◽  
Vol 145 (5) ◽  
pp. 1765-1777 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Steppeler ◽  
J. B. Klemp
Keyword(s):  
Velocity Field ◽  
Test Problem ◽  
Piecewise Linear ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Basis Functions ◽  
Rectangular Grid ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cut Cell ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Constant Slope

Abstract Cut cells use regular or nearly regular polygonal cells to describe fields. For a given orography, some cells may be completely under the mountain, some completely above the mountain, and some are partially filled with air. While there are reports indicating considerably improved simulations with cut cells, inaccuracies may arise with some approximations, producing noise in fields near the surface. This behavior may depend strongly on the approximations made for the advection terms near the surface. This paper investigates the accuracy of advection for numerical schemes for a nondivergent flow near a mountain surface. The schemes use C-grid staggering with densities located at cell centers or on the corners of cells. Also, a nonconserving scheme is considered, which was used in the past with real-data cut-cell simulations. Since the cut cells near the surface create an irregular resolution, the accuracy and order of some approximations may break down near the surface. The objective of this paper is to find schemes having the same accuracy for advection near the surface as in the interior of the domain. As a test problem, uniform advection by a nondivergent velocity field is used with a 45° slope mountain (represented as a straight line) on a rectangular grid. Along the surface a sequence of triangular and pentagonal cells of quite different sizes are generated. Some schemes being discussed for cut cells lead to inaccurate and noisy solutions for this perfectly smooth mountain. A scheme using piecewise linear basis functions in a C grid with density points at the cell corners avoids these inaccuracies.

Approaches of stars to the Sun

1999 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 345-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.A. Dybczyński ◽  
P. Kankiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Distance ◽  
Galactic Disk ◽  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
Oort Cloud ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Past ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
Hipparcos Catalogue ◽  
Nearby Stars

AbstractClose approaches of stars to the Solar System perturb comets from the Oort cloud so that they pass into the planetary system − the gravitational impulse changes the distribution of observable comets. This paper presents the results of calculations of the motion of stars in the solar neighbourhood in the past and future. The main results for each star are: the time of the encounter and the minimum distance between the Sun and the star. They are calculated using three different methods: a straight line motion model, a model with a Sun − star Keplerian interaction, and the numerical integration of the equations of motion with galactic perturbations included. In the last case, two models of the Galactic potential are used: a simplified potential of the Galactic disk and the more complex potential of the Galaxy by Dauphole and Colin. Coordinates and velocities of nearby stars are taken from several different catalogues: the Gliese catalogue, the Hipparcos catalogue, and the Barbier-Brossat catalogue of Radial Velocities.

The Past Is Not Past; or, On Repairing the Modern Time Regime

2020 ◽  
pp. 201-223
Author(s):  
Aleida Assmann
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Memory ◽  
Modern Time ◽  
Entire Spectrum ◽  
The Past ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
The Future ◽  
Time Regime

This chapter argues for the repair of the modern time regime. It shows that saving the past by means of a “culture of preservation” is itself a central part of Western modernization. However, there is as yet no straight line leading from this compensatory culture of preservation to the entire spectrum of practices, problems, and controversies associated with the “cultures of memory.” Under the paradigm of cultural memory, the past in particular is no longer the exclusive domain of the historian, nor can the use made of it be reduced to the function of a comforting medium of deceleration. The new entanglement of the past with the future—of the space of experience with the horizon of expectation—that characterizes the present time regime has implications, requirements, and effects that are much more far-reaching. New perspectives on and interests in the past now have important roles to play. The modern time regime therefore needs not only compensation, but also repair.

Home range of the spotted-tailed quoll (Dasyurus maculatus), a marsupial carnivore, in a rainshadow woodland

2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew W. Claridge ◽  
David Paull ◽  
James Dawson ◽  
Greg Mifsud ◽  
Andy J. Murray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Spatial Separation ◽  
Home Range Size ◽  
Range Size ◽  
Breeding Systems ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Range Data ◽  
Spatial Organisation ◽  
Straight Line

The home ranges, movement patterns and spatial organisation of spotted-tailed quolls (Dasyurus maculatus maculatus) were studied in rainshadow woodland in southern New South Wales, Australia. Fourteen individuals were radio-collared and simultaneously tracked. Home-range size estimates ranged from 621 ha to at least 2561 ha for males, and 88 ha to at least 653 ha for females. Mean home-range size was significantly greater for males (992 ± 276 ha) than females (244 ± 72 ha). The maximum straight-line distances between successive fixes for males over 24-h and 48-h periods were 2529 and 4430 m, respectively, while for females these distances were 1865 and 3085 m. Mean maximum straight-line distances between successive fixes for males over a 24-h period were not significantly different from mean maximum straight-line distances of females (1493 ± 918 v. 1034 ± 540 m). However, over 48 h, the mean maximum distances between successive fixes for males was greater than that of females (2911 ± 934 v. 1680 ± 918 m). The home ranges of males mostly overlapped with those of other individuals, regardless of sex. In contrast, home ranges of females tended not to overlap with those of other females, suggesting some form of spatial separation. Home-range estimates derived for spotted-tailed quolls in our rainshadow woodland study site are comparable to those obtained for the species in wetter vegetation types. From a conservation perspective, it seems that habitat structure and the availability of prey is more important than rainfall or vegetation type in determining spatial requirements of the species. Until more advanced telemetry systems are developed, caution should be applied when using current home-range data on the species to infer breeding systems and patterns of spatial organisation, particularly the issue of territoriality among female quolls.

scholarly journals Warning of Potential Collision for Vehicles

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 806-811
Author(s):  
Huang Yue ◽  
Qin Gui He ◽  
Liu Tong ◽  
Sun Ning ◽  
Wang Xiao Dan
Keyword(s):  
Short Range ◽  
Occurrence Rate ◽  
Collision Warning ◽  
Moving Vehicle ◽  
Warning Messages ◽  
Long Period ◽  
The Past ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Short Time

A moving vehicle may very likely run into accidents. The occurrence rate of accidents would be largely reduced if the driver is warned in advance, even only 0.5 s earlier. For a running vehicle, the driving route within short time before collision has the characteristic of Markov. In this case, the coordinates of position only have to be considered within a short range, rather than the running status during the past long period. Within short period before collision, the driving route can be basically divided into two states: a straight line and a binomial curve. In this paper, a mechanism is proposed for sending collision warning messages to running vehicles.

Study on Automatic Operation of Manual Wheelchair Prototype and Basic Experiments

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-77
Author(s):  
Kazuteru Tobita ◽  
◽  
Yoshihito Shikanai ◽  
Kazuhiro Mima
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Homes ◽  
Autonomous Driving ◽  
Position Estimation ◽  
Manual Wheelchair ◽  
The Past ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Sensor Measurement ◽  
Autonomous Mobility ◽  
Basic Experiments

In nursing homes, repeatedly guiding several carereceivers in wheelchairs before and after meals is one of the factors that increase the burden on caregivers. A solution to this problem is to incorporate autonomous mobility functions into the wheelchair. Although many autonomous electric wheelchairs have been developed in the past, it is not reasonable to introduce them to all users of nursing homes from the standpoint of cost, charging, and maintenance. In this study, we are developing a detachable robot that can operate a manual wheelchair autonomously. The basic concept, target specifications, and design conditions are defined herein, and the results of basic experiments such as straight-line stability tests, obstacle sensor measurement tests, and self-position estimation are reported. The implementation of autonomous driving functions such as path generation and localization will be promoted in the future.

On the Design and Performance of Radical High-Speed Sailing Vehicles

1980 ◽  
Vol 17 (01) ◽  
pp. 50-55
Author(s):  
W. S. Bradfield
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
International Competition ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The Past ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Performance Predictions ◽  
Drag Racing ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Short Courses ◽  
Design Factors

A recently established international competition has encouraged straight-line yacht racing over very short courses in flat water with the strongest winds available. The object of this activity is to stimulate the quest for unrestricted sailing vehicle designs which will produce flat-out speed under relatively safe and controlled conditions, thereby pinning down and quantifying design factors governing high-speed yacht performance. This competition has produced a few surprises and some novel and ingenious designs—some successful. The object of the present paper is to discuss and compare some of the novel ideas which have developed into successful drag-racing yachts during the past five years. Performance predictions are compared with measured performance in outstanding cases.

Design of the Deployable Mechanisms Based on the Cardanic Motion of Planar Four-Bar Linkage

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Win-Bin Shieh
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Planar Model ◽  
Building Unit ◽  
The Past ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Systematic Methodology ◽  
Deployable Mechanism ◽  
Four Bar Linkage

A deployable mechanism is a mechanism that is designed to be repeatedly expanded and contracted without failure. Most deployable mechanisms are over-constrained mechanisms with a mobility of one. Although many deployable mechanisms had been proposed and employed in application in the past decades, few generalized methodologies for the synthesis of both planar and spatial deployable mechanisms are available. In this paper, a systematic methodology, based on the Cardanic motion of planar linkage, for the synthesis of both the spatial and planar deployable mechanisms is presented. By using the characteristics that some of the coupler points of Cardanic linkages are able to move along a straight line, a building unit mechanism that utilizes such a linkage can be extended or retracted as desired. Once the boundary conditions of the building unit mechanisms are obtained, design of an entire deployable mechanism, planar or spatial, can be fulfilled. After the design is achieved, motion of the synthesized mechanism is simulated in Pro/Engineer, and the prototype of a planar model is manufactured for the justification of this method.

Weighted Positional Averaging in the Illusions of the Müller-Lyer Type

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Bulatov
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Visual Perception ◽  
Computational Model ◽  
Spatial Separation ◽  
Visual Illusions ◽  
Limited Ability ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Lyer Illusion ◽  
Linear Extent

The limited ability to estimate properly the linear extent or spatial separation of objects is one of the well-tested and documented features of visual perception. However, despite a large amount of experimental data collected in various studies of the Müller-Lyer illusion and related visual illusions of extent, the generally accepted view concerning the origin of this phenomenon is still absent. This chapter addresses a possible role of the perceptual positional shifts of the stimulus parts in occurrence of the illusions. It also discusses the most important features of the computational model based on the hypothesis of positional coding via centroids.

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