Mental Rotation of a Tactile Layout by Young Visually Impaired Children

Perception ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 891-900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Ungar ◽  
Mark Blades ◽  
Christopher Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Mental Rotation ◽  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Response Pattern ◽  
Coding Systems ◽  
Visually Impaired People ◽  
Visual Status ◽  
External Reference ◽  
Impaired People ◽  
Congenitally Blind ◽  
Partially Sighted

Mental rotation tasks have been used to probe the mental imagery both of sighted and of visually impaired people. People who have been blind since birth display a response pattern which is qualitatively similar to that of sighted people but tend to respond more slowly or with a higher error rate. It has been suggested that visually impaired people code the stimulus and its (or their own) motion in a different way from sighted people—in particular, congenitally blind people may ignore the external reference framework provided by the stimulus and surrounding objects, and instead use body-centred or movement-based coding systems. What has not been considered before is the relationship between different strategies for tactually exploring the stimulus and the response pattern of congenitally blind participants. Congenitally blind and partially sighted children were tested for their ability to learn and recall a layout of tactile symbols. Children explored layouts of one, three, or five shapes which they then attempted to reproduce. On half the trials there was a short pause between exploring and reproducing the layouts. In an aligned condition children reproduced the array from the same position at which they had explored it; in a rotated condition children were asked to move 90° round the table between exploring and reproducing the layout. Both congenitally blind and partially sighted children were less accurate in the rotated condition than in the aligned condition. Five distinct strategies used by the children in learning the layout were identified. These strategies interacted with both visual status and age. We suggest that the use of strategies, rather than visual status or chronological age, accounts for differences in performance between children.

Ensuring accessibility of electronic information resources for visually impaired people

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 368-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanus Andreas Kleynhans ◽  
Ina Fourie
Keyword(s):  
Digital Libraries ◽  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Information Resources ◽  
Electronic Information ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Visually Impaired People ◽  
Electronic Information Resources ◽  
Impaired People ◽  
Partially Sighted ◽  
Selection Of

Purpose – The paper addresses the importance of clarifying terminology such as visually impaired and related terms before embarking on accessibility studies of electronic information resources in library contexts. Apart from briefly defining accessibility, the paper attempts to address the lack of in-depth definitions of terms such as visually impaired, blind, partially sighted, etc. that has been noted in the literature indexed by two major Library and Information Science (LIS) databases. The purpose of this paper is to offer a basis for selecting participants in studies of accessibility of electronic information resources in library contexts and to put discussions of such studies in context. Design/methodology/approach – Clarification of concepts concerning visual impairment following a literature survey based on searching two major databases in LIS. To put the discussion in context accessibility is also briefly defined. Findings – Although visually impaired and a variety of related terms such as blind, partially sighted, visually disabled, etc. are used in the LIS literature, hardly any attempt is made to define these terms in depth. This can be a serious limitation in web and electronic accessibility evaluations and the selection of participants. Practical implications – Clearly distinguishing between categories of visually impaired people and the ability of sight of participants is important when selecting participants for studies on accessibility for visually impaired people, e.g. the accessibility evaluation of web sites, digital libraries and other electronic information resources. Originality/value – The paper can make a contribution to the clarification of terminology essential for the selection of participants in accessibility studies, as well as enriching the literature on accessibility for visually impaired people in the context of LIS.

scholarly journals THE OVERVIEW OF INVESTIGATION IN THE FIELD OF BANKNOTE DESIGN FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED PEOPLE

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 33-41
Author(s):  
Andrii Kyrychok
Keyword(s):  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Blind People ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
User Group ◽  
Normal Vision ◽  
Design Features ◽  
Visually Impaired People ◽  
Impaired People ◽  
Color Blind ◽  
Partially Sighted

This essay aims to elaborate the technology when it comes to banknote making for visually impaired members of the society. The visually impaired are divided in three subgroups: color-blind, partially sighted and blind people. Their first needs are useful denomination features rather than security features, as they help them in determining a banknote’s value. This study provides a historical overview of banknote design features for the visually impaired. Furthermore, it looks into the methodology of banknote tests for the color-blind, showing images of how the color-blind experience the euro banknotes. Two features are needed for every subgroup of the visually impaired to establish the banknote’s value; one is not reliable. These two features are dedicated firstly to the relevant user group, but will also be used by others, including people with normal vision.

Indoor navigation with smart phone IMU for the visually impaired in university buildings

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesus Victor Zegarra Flores ◽  
Laurence Rasseneur ◽  
Rodrigue Galani ◽  
Fabienne Rakitic ◽  
René Farcy
Keyword(s):  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Smart Phone ◽  
Indoor Navigation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Final Destination ◽  
The North ◽  
Visually Impaired People ◽  
Impaired People ◽  
Impaired Person ◽  
Partially Sighted

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to design and test effective indoor navigation solutions for visually impaired people in situations where GPS, bluetooth or Wi-Fi signals are unavailable. The authors use the inertial measurement units (IMU), the compass and the barometer of a smart phone. Design/methodology/approach The authors have used commercial Android smart phones with IMU, compass and barometer to record a path and to give navigation instructions in an adapted way using a mobility-specific vocabulary. The method proposed is to save paths taking into account different indoor waypoints such as the stairs (change from one floor to another) and the change of direction of the trajectory of the path (e.g. one-fourth turn right or left), recording data from the IMU sensor’s, compass and barometer of the smart phone. Having this information and the characteristics of the each segment (distance, azimuth to the north and pressure) of the path, it is possible to provide functional navigation guidance to the visually impaired subject. Three different visually impaired people (one partially sighted and two fully blind) and three sighted people have tested the paths. The efficiency of the navigation is analyzed in terms of distance and time using the comparison between blind and sighted people. Findings The main finding is that it is possible to guide visually impaired people some hundreds of meters just using the sensors of a smart phone under certain conditions: the visually impaired person has to understand the guidance instructions and respect some strategies (e.g. not to walk diagonally across vast spaces). Additionally it is observed that the visually impaired participants walked distances, which are not much different to the optimal values. On the other hand; because of their hesitations using their white cane to find free paths, they take in some cases 50 percent more time to arrive (for a few minutes path, this time is not critical and even more efficient than looking for a guide). One thing to highlight is that even with this hesitation, the subjects arrived to the final destination. Originality/value This paper demonstrates how an IMU coupled to a compass and a barometer from a Smart Phone employing a spoken mobility language (e.g. next corridor to the left; at the end of the stairs turn right, turn left, etc.) can guide visually impaired people inside buildings.

scholarly journals Tangible Pictures: Viewpoint Effects and Linear Perspective in Visually Impaired People

Perception ◽  
10.1068/p3253 ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 747-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morton A Heller ◽  
Deneen D Brackett ◽  
Eric Scroggs ◽  
Heather Steffen ◽  
Kim Heatherly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Low Vision ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Linear Perspective ◽  
Matching Task ◽  
Visually Impaired People ◽  
Visual Status ◽  
Perspective Drawing ◽  
Congenitally Blind ◽  
Geometric Solids

Perception of raised-line pictures in blindfolded-sighted, congenitally blind, late-blind, and low-vision subjects was studied in a series of experiments. The major aim of the study was to examine the value of perspective drawings for haptic pictures and visually impaired individuals. In experiment 1, subjects felt two wooden boards joined at 45°, 90°, or 135°, and were instructed to pick the correct perspective drawing from among four choices. The first experiment on perspective found a significant effect of visual status, with much higher performance by the low-vision subjects. Mean performance for the congenitally blind subjects was not significantly different from that of the late-blind and blindfolded-sighted subjects. In a further experiment, blindfolded subjects drew tangible pictures of three-dimensional (3-D) geometric solids, and then engaged in a matching task. Counter to expectations, performance was not impaired for the 3-D drawings as compared with the frontal viewpoints. Subjects were also especially fast and more accurate when matching top views. Experiment 5 showed that top views were easiest for all of the visually impaired subjects, including those who were congenitally blind. Experiment 5 yielded higher performance for 3-D than frontal viewpoints. The results of all of the experiments were consistent with the idea that visual experience is not necessary for understanding perspective drawings of geometrical objects.

Visually Impaired Teenagers: Ambitions, Attitudes, and Interests

1988 ◽  
Vol 82 (10) ◽  
pp. 414-416
Author(s):  
M.J. Tobin ◽  
E.W. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Young People ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Visually Impaired ◽  
School Achievement ◽  
Marriage And Family ◽  
Visually Impaired People ◽  
Impaired People ◽  
Medical Advances ◽  
Partially Sighted

A group of blind and partially sighted teenagers were interviewed, at the end of 12-year longitudinal study of cognitive development and school achievement, about their current interests and their aspirations for the future. The study began when the participants were five years of age. The topics discussed included their opinions about schooling, what they did in their free time, their career ambitions, expectations about marriage and family life, medical advances that might affect them, the attitudes of society at large toward visually impaired people, and their thoughts about the kind of world they will inhabit as adults. The present paper focuses upon vocational aims, marriage, and recreational activities. The authors infer that, with a few exceptions, the views of these young people do not mark them out as obviously different from their fully sighted peers.

Application of IoT Based Stick for Visually Impaired People in CVIS System

CICTP 2020 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ammar Muhammad ◽  
Qizhou Hu ◽  
Muhammad Tayyab ◽  
Yikai Wu ◽  
Muhammad Ahtsham
Keyword(s):  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Visually Impaired People ◽  
Impaired People

Widening the horizons: Information space of the library for the blind as the resource to improve quality of life of visually impaired people

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Novikova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Continuing Education ◽  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Information Space ◽  
Advanced Training ◽  
Improve Quality ◽  
Visually Impaired People ◽  
Impaired People ◽  
Special Library

The special library acts as the cultural and educational center for visually impaired people, and as the center for continuing education. The multifunctional performance of the library is substantiated. The joint projects accomplished in cooperation with theatres and museums and aimed at integrating the visually impaired people into the society are described. Advanced training projects for the library professionals accomplished in 2018 are discussed.

Touching Blind Bodies: A Critical Inquiry into Pedagogical and Cultural Constructions of Visual Disability in the Nineteenth Century

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather Tilley ◽  
Jan Eric Olsén
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Blind People ◽  
Embodied Experience ◽  
Visual Disability ◽  
Visually Impaired People ◽  
Educational Challenges ◽  
Impaired People ◽  
The Senses ◽  
Cultural Constructions

Changing ideas on the nature of and relationship between the senses in nineteenth-century Europe constructed blindness as a disability in often complex ways. The loss or absence of sight was disabling in this period, given vision’s celebrated status, and visually impaired people faced particular social and educational challenges as well as cultural stereotyping as poor, pitiable and intellectually impaired. However, the experience of blind people also came to challenge received ideas that the visual was the privileged mode of accessing information about the world, and contributed to an increasingly complex understanding of the tactile sense. In this chapter, we consider how changing theories of the senses helped shape competing narratives of identity for visually impaired people in the nineteenth century, opening up new possibilities for the embodied experience of blind people by impressing their sensory ability, rather than lack thereof. We focus on a theme that held particular social and cultural interest in nineteenth-century accounts of blindness: travel and geography.

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