Structured Perceptual Input Imposes an Egocentric Frame of Reference—Pointing, Imagery, and Spatial Self-Consciousness

Perception ◽  
10.1068/p5183 ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Marcel ◽  
Christian Dobel
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Deprivation ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Logical Necessity ◽  
Structural Description ◽  
Relative Location ◽  
Egocentric Frame ◽  
The World ◽  
Axes Of Symmetry

Perceptual input imposes and maintains an egocentric frame of reference, which enables orientation. When blindfolded, people tended to mistake the assumed intrinsic axes of symmetry of their immediate environment (a room) for their own egocentric relation to features of the room. When asked to point to the door and window, known to be at mid-points of facing (or adjacent) walls, they pointed with their arms at 180° (or 90°) angles, irrespective of where they thought they were in the room. People did the same when requested to imagine the situation. They justified their responses (inappropriately) by logical necessity or a structural description of the room rather than (appropriately) by relative location of themselves and the reference points. In eight experiments, we explored the effect on this in perception and imagery of: perceptual input (without perceptibility of the target reference points); imaging oneself versus another person; aids to explicit spatial self-consciousness; order of questions about self-location; and the relation of targets to the axes of symmetry of the room. The results indicate that, if one is deprived of structured perceptual input, as well as losing one's bearings, (a) one is likely to lose one's egocentric frame of reference itself, and (b) instead of pointing to reference points, one demonstrates their structural relation by adopting the intrinsic axes of the environment as one's own. This is prevented by providing noninformative perceptual input or by inducing subjects to imagine themselves from the outside, which makes explicit the fact of their being located relative to the world. The role of perceptual contact with a structured world is discussed in relation to sensory deprivation and imagery, appeal is made to Gibson's theory of joint egoreception and exteroception, and the data are related to recent theories of spatial memory and navigation.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF MENTALITY IN THE ETHNOS WORLD CULTURE FORMING: Philosophical Aspects

2018 ◽  
pp. 476-483
Author(s):  
Elena A. Norkina
Keyword(s):  
Identity Formation ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Collective Unconscious ◽  
World Culture ◽  
Philosophical Interpretation ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
Interpretation Method

Introduction. The mentality is the integrated characteristic of the people living in the certain culture describing their peculiar vision of the world around and explaining specifics of response to it. The phenomenon of mentality is revealed through a frame of reference, of the estimates, norms and moods, which are based on knowledge, beliefs, and traditions, available in this society. It sets together with the dominating requirements and archetypes of the collective unconscious the beliefs, the characteristic of the nation, ideals, tendencies, interests distinguishing one ethnos from another. Materials and Methods. The existence philosophical interpretation method is a key method used in the present research. It is based on comparison of different nations ethnic pictures. Results. There is presented the analysis of studies covering issues relating to the term “mentality”, its role in the cultural and philosophical identity formation. There were compared the following concepts: “mentality” vs “mindset” and “mentality” vs “ethnic identity”, those are close in their meanings but are not the same in their pragmatics. Discussion and Conclusions. Ethno mentality is fixed materially in art through the incorporation of ethnic values. The study of the mentality from the philosophical point of view provides opportunities for research introducing conceptual elements and solving complex issues. Keywords: a mentality, a culture, an ethnos, a nation, a tradition, philosophical interpretation.

The Cold War and the Imperialism of Nation-States

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prasenjit Duara
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Weak Links ◽  
Nation States ◽  
The World ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Political Economic

This chapter examines the role of the imperialism of nation-states in the Cold War. It suggests that the Cold War rivalry provided the “frame of reference” in which the historical forces of imperialism and nationalism interacted with developments such as decolonization, multiculturalism, and new ideologies and modes of identity formation. The chapter also argues that while the equilibrium of Cold War rivalry generated an entrenched political and ideological hegemony limiting the realization of political, economic, and imaginative possibilities in much of the world, the developing world represented significant weak links and played an equally important role in its collapse.

What Brandom won’t make explicit

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-60
Author(s):  
Anna Michalska
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Recognition ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Paradigm Case ◽  
Linguistic Practice ◽  
The World ◽  
Perceptual Distortions ◽  
Normative Pragmatics ◽  
Normative Standard

In this contribution, I refer to a discussion between Jürgen Habermas and Robert Brandom on the latter’s normative pragmatics as advanced in Making it Explicit. Parting with Habermas, I intend to show that though both normative pragmatics and formal pragmatics postulate similar discursive ideals, the former, as compared with the latter, is not a particularly well-calibrated critical tool. I argue that whereas Brandom focuses on making conceptual norms explicit, and takes mutual recognition among participants to a linguistic practice for granted, Habermas proposes a universal frame of reference (to oneself, each other, and the world), which delineates what should be taken as a paradigm case of perception and (inter-)action, and thus a normative standard according to which all kinds of human endeavors can be judged. Thus construed, the formal frame of reference points to possible perceptual distortions along any of the three dimensions: the subjective, social, and objective worlds.

Ultrastructure of neuromuscular relationships in the canine heartworm (dirofilaria immitis)

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 278-279
Author(s):  
W. L. Steffens ◽  
Nancy B. Roberts ◽  
J. M. Bowen
Keyword(s):  
Dirofilaria Immitis ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Structural Description ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Canine Heartworm ◽  
The World ◽  
Synaptic Region ◽  
Muscle Innervation ◽  
Insight Into

The canine heartworm is a common and serious nematode parasite of domestic dogs in many parts of the world. Although nematode neuroanatomy is fairly well documented, the emphasis has been on sensory anatomy and primarily in free-living soil species and ascarids. Lee and Miller reported on the muscular anatomy in the heartworm, but provided little insight into the peripheral nervous system or myoneural relationships. The classical fine-structural description of nematode muscle innervation is Rosenbluth's earlier work in Ascaris. Since the pharmacological effects of some nematacides currently being developed are neuromuscular in nature, a better understanding of heartworm myoneural anatomy, particularly in reference to the synaptic region is warranted.

The essence and causes of the spiritual and moral decline of mankind in the XX century

1998 ◽  
pp. 124-127
Author(s):  
V. Tolkachenko
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
Social Force ◽  
The World ◽  
Role Of Religion

One of the most important reasons for such a clearly distressed state of society was the decline of religion as a social force, the external manifestation of which is the weakening of religious institutions. "Religion," Baha'u'llah writes, "is the greatest of all means of establishing order in the world to the universal satisfaction of those who live in it." The weakening of the foundations of religion strengthened the ranks of ignoramuses, gave them impudence and arrogance. "I truly say that everything that belittles the supreme role of religion opens way for the revelry of maliciousness, inevitably leading to anarchy. " In another Tablet, He says: "Religion is a radiant light and an impregnable fortress that ensures the safety and well-being of the peoples of the world, for God-fearing induces man to adhere to the good and to reject all evil." Blink the light of religion, and chaos and distemper will set in, the radiance of justice, justice, tranquility and peace. "

The problem of periodization of the history of religion

1997 ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Borys Lobovyk
Keyword(s):  
Religious Studies ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Religious Development ◽  
History Of Religion ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Role Of Religion

An important problem of religious studies, the history of religion as a branch of knowledge is the periodization process of the development of religious phenomenon. It is precisely here, as in focus, that the question of the essence and meaning of the religious development of the human being of the world, the origin of beliefs and cult, the reasons for the changes in them, the place and role of religion in the social and spiritual process, etc., are converging.

External Factors of Big Business Transformation in Russia

2005 ◽  
pp. 72-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya. Pappe ◽  
Ya. Galukhina
Keyword(s):  
Financial Market ◽  
Capital Market ◽  
Business Groups ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Big Business ◽  
Business Transformation ◽  
Global Standards ◽  
The World ◽  
Principal Subject

The paper is devoted to the role of the global financial market in the development of Russian big business. It proves that terms and standards posed by this market as well as opportunities it offers determine major changes in Russian big business in the last three years. The article examines why Russian companies go abroad to attract capital and provides data, which indicate the scope of this phenomenon. It stresses the effects of Russian big business’s interaction with the world capital market, including the modification of the principal subject of Russian big business from integrated business groups to companies and the changes in companies’ behavior: they gradually move away from the so-called Russian specifics and adopt global standards.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document