scholarly journals The effects of increased market competition on hospital services in Shandong and Henan Provinces

2002 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Forbes ◽  
Don Hindle ◽  
Pieter Degeling ◽  
Kai Zhang ◽  
Lingzhong Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Market Competition ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Hospital Competition ◽  
Social Efficiency ◽  
Global Budgets ◽  
Major Reform ◽  
Increase Productivity ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
The Government ◽  
Insured Patients

The Chinese government began a major reform of the hospital sector in the early 1980s. The main aim was to increase productivity by phasing out prospective global budgets from the government, and encouraging between-hospital competition for the business of user-pay and insured patients. This goal was to be achieved without unreasonable prejudice to the financial sustainability of hospitals or to the fairness of access and service provision. We explored the effects of these changes by analysing data for four levels of hospital in two of the most populousprovinces between 1985 and 1999. We used data envelope analysis, and found that the majority of hospitalsexperienced a decline in productivity. Social efficiency (measured by the level of provision of unnecessary services) alsodeclined, especially in the largest hospitals that could easily increase the use of expensive technologies. Most hospitals increased their economic sustainability, measured as the ratio between revenue and expenditures. However, the lowest-levelhospitals experienced stable or reduced sustainability due to their inability to compete with marketing by higher-levelhospitals. We conclude that, although there were many benefits, the overall impact of the introduction of market forces may have been negative. An important factor was that not all aspects (such as supplier-induced demand) were adequatelycontrolled by government agencies. We suggest ways of alleviating the most problematic elements of current arrangements.

scholarly journals Impact of Chinese Government Subsidies on Enterprise Innovation: Based on a Three-Dimensional Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1288
Author(s):  
Lili Jia ◽  
Eunyoung Nam ◽  
Dongphil Chun
Keyword(s):  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Technology Innovation ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Market Competition ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Government Subsidies ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Government subsidies are an important means to guide enterprises’ investment in technological innovation. While countries are increasing government subsidies to enterprises, how to effectively leverage government subsidies is a concern of the academic community. At present, scholars’ research conclusions on the impact of government subsidies on enterprise technological innovation include promotion effect, extrusion effect, and mixing effect. Relevant research is often conducted from a single perspective. This paper studies the relationship between government subsidies and enterprise technological innovation, and integrates the macro-institutional environment, meso-market structure, and micro-corporate governance into the same framework. Taking information transmission, software, and information technology service companies as samples, it analyzes the influencing factors of the Chinese government research and development (R&D) subsidies on enterprises’ innovation investment. This paper uses Stata16 software to perform the least square analysis. The research shows that the Chinese government R&D subsidies have a significant incentive effect on corporate technology innovation investment. The higher the marketization process, the more dispersed its equity, and the government subsidy promotes corporate technology innovation investment. The more significant it is; for industries with different product market competition, government subsidies have no significant impact on enterprises’ investment in technological innovation. Based on empirical research conclusions, this study puts forward policy recommendations to increase the intensity of government subsidies and optimize the structure of corporate equity to increase the leverage effect of government subsidies.

Building China's Telecommunications Network: Industrial Policy and the Role of Chinese State-Owned, Foreign and Private Domestic Enterprises

2007 ◽  
Vol 190 ◽  
pp. 311-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Harwit
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Policy ◽  
Joint Ventures ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Market Competition ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
State Control ◽  
Telecommunications Network ◽  
The Government ◽  
Domestic Companies

AbstractThis article uses theories of industrial policy to analyse the growth of China's telecommunications equipment industry over the past 20 years. It highlights the role of the Chinese government in shaping the sector, by first utilizing imported equipment, then promoting Sino-foreign joint ventures and finally fostering domestic companies. Significantly, the government encouraged market competition, and avoided the pitfall of monopoly state control. Today, key telecommunications players include joint ventures, state-owned companies and even a major Chinese private corporation. The article concludes that the government's fiscal and regulatory industrial polices were successful, in that they rapidly built a modern communications network while promoting a vibrant free-market competitive environment.

How to Tell the Truth without Outraging the Press?

MedienJournal ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Li Xiguang
Keyword(s):  
News Media ◽  
Public Affairs ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
The Public ◽  
News Stories ◽  
The Press ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Government ◽  
Chinese News Media

The commercialization of meclia in China has cultivated a new journalism business model characterized with scandalization, sensationalization, exaggeration, oversimplification, highly opinionated news stories, one-sidedly reporting, fabrication and hate reporting, which have clone more harm than good to the public affairs. Today the Chinese journalists are more prey to the manipu/ation of the emotions of the audiences than being a faithful messenger for the public. Une/er such a media environment, in case of news events, particularly, during crisis, it is not the media being scared by the government. but the media itself is scaring the government into silence. The Chinese news media have grown so negative and so cynica/ that it has produced growing popular clistrust of the government and the government officials. Entering a freer but fearful commercially mediated society, the Chinese government is totally tmprepared in engaging the Chinese press effectively and has lost its ability for setting public agenda and shaping public opinions. 

Challenges of Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) in Business Growth: A Case of Footwear Industry

2020 ◽  
pp. 2516600X2097412
Author(s):  
A. K. M. Hedaitul Islam ◽  
Md. Rayhan Sarker ◽  
Md. Israil Hossain ◽  
Kauser Ali ◽  
K. M. Asadun Noor
Keyword(s):  
Delphi Method ◽  
Market Competition ◽  
Bank Loan ◽  
Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process ◽  
Business Growth ◽  
Fuzzy Delphi ◽  
Footwear Industry ◽  
Research Gap ◽  
The Government ◽  
Hierarchy Process

Small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) create more employment opportunities and thus, contribute to the national economy of a country. Footwear SMEs have been identified as an emerging economy in Bangladesh, which is facing several challenges. Very few studies focused on the challenges of SMEs’ business growth. However, until now, no literature particularly focused on the challenges of footwear SMEs and discussed how to tackle these challenges. To fill this research gap, we use the Fuzzy Delphi Method and fuzzy analytical hierarchy process, to find out the degree of importance of critical challenges of footwear SMEs. In our study, 16 critical challenges are identified among which lingering in cash flow (F3), fierce market competition (E1), access to finance (F2), unfavorable bank loan policy (F1), and poor supply chain management (E2) have been ascertained as the top five critical challenges, respectively. This study contributes to the existing literature of SMEs by identifying five new challenges from the context of the footwear industry. Furthermore, we suggest some possible measures to overcome the identified challenges. This study can guide the government, practitioners, and SME policymakers to address these challenges for the growth of any SME sector.

scholarly journals State-Mediated Globalization Processes and the Adoption of Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting in China

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Marquis ◽  
Juelin Yin ◽  
Dongning Yang
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Political Legitimacy ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Csr Reporting ◽  
Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting ◽  
Global Norms ◽  
The Government ◽  
Corporate Social

ABSTRACTDespite the prevalence of global diffusion, little is known about the processes by which international practices are adopted and adapted within organizations around the world. Through our qualitative research on the introduction of corporate social responsibility (CSR) reporting at two leading Chinese companies, we identify a unique set of political mechanisms that we labelstate-mediated globalization, whereby powerful nation-state actors influence the ways in which corporations adopt and adapt global norms and practices. We find that businesses’ needs for political legitimacy from a key stakeholder, in this case the government, leads them to deviate systematically from the global practice in bothformandcontent. These intentional practice adaptations are then legitimized by the government to createinternationalization toolsandlocalized standardsto aid adoption by other organizations. Our findings illustrate previously unidentified mechanisms by which powerful stakeholders such as the Chinese government may mediate, and thereby direct, the ways in which corporations adopt and adapt global CSR practices. Contributions to understanding the political processes of institutional translation in the context of globalization are discussed.

Currency Internationalization and Reforms in the Architecture of the Monetary System: the case of Digital Yuan

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Ji ◽  
George Abuselidze ◽  
Valeriia Lymar
Keyword(s):  
Financial System ◽  
The State ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Security Technology ◽  
Digital Currency ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Monetary System ◽  
The Government ◽  
Financial Transactions ◽  
Global Financial System

In the paper, the authors prove that the application of the Chinese currency in the less developed regions reveals that the Chinese Yuan, despite its limited turnover, can replace the national currency. The following positive and negative results on the global financial system are highlighted promoting the internationalization of the digital Yuan: ensuring and unlimited transparency of the government and visibility of internal financial transactions; transparency of all offshore financial transactions within a country as well as of non-resident users; providing a framework for the global financial system and controlling the monetary policies of regional economies that have actively adopted the Yuan. The paper analyses that the strategy of the Yuan internationalization was implemented through the mechanism of the currency swap agreements with central banks of different countries, respectively, the growing international application of the Yuan gradually stimulated the creation of the „Yuan zone". It is proved that the Yuan internationalization has become a part of the state strategy of the Chinese government in transition to a new type of economic growth, so the digital Yuan should eventually replace cash and will become the main innovation in the global financial system since the appearance of digital currency. According to the conducted research, it is shown that the main technology of the state digital currency of China accommodates security technology, transaction technology, and reliable guarantee technology. The system of Digital Currency, Electronic Payment - DCEP includes a digital currency tracking method system and a digital currency management system based on certain conditions. Launch conditions include terms of economic conditions, interest rate terms of the loan, the terms of the subject flow, and time conditions.

scholarly journals How does the pharmaceutical industry influence prescription? A qualitative study of provider payment incentives and drug remunerations in hospitals in Shanghai

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Yang
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Medical Department ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Provider Payment ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
The Government ◽  
Funding Pressure ◽  
Care System

AbstractOver-prescription has become one major problem in China’s health care sector. Incorporating interview data from hospitals in Shanghai, this paper provided empirical evidence on how the process of over-prescription was carried out in day-to-day clinical settings, and demonstrates various mechanisms that allow over-prescription to continue vigorously in the context of the Chinese health care system. In particular, this study identified four levels of incentives that over-prescription was carried out: hospital, medical department, doctors and pharmaceutical companies. Due to the insufficient funding from the government and rising operational costs, hospitals had to rely on the sales of drugs and provision of medical services to survive. This funding pressure then transferred to specific revenue targets for medical departments. A combination of incentives, including drug remunerations, bonus system, low pay and high workloads motivated over-prescription at doctor level. At pharmaceutical company level, high profits of pharmaceuticals products as well as lack of emphasis on efficacy of drugs led to under-table payments and illicit drug remunerations. The study argued that the way that the Chinese health care system operates was based on the profit-seeking principle rather than on fulfilling its social functions, and called for a systematic reform of provider incentives to eradicating the problem of over-prescription.

Consumers’ WTP for certified traceable tea in China

2015 ◽  
Vol 117 (5) ◽  
pp. 1440-1452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaolin Liu ◽  
Lingling Xu ◽  
Dian Zhu ◽  
Linhai Wu
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Price Premium ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Payment Card ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Traceability System ◽  
Consumer Organizations ◽  
The Government ◽  
Premium Income ◽  
The Cost

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine consumer attitudes toward and willingness to pay (WTP) for traceability of tea in China. Design/methodology/approach – The authors used the payment card method to elicit WTP for certified traceable tea and logistic regression model to analyze the factors that affected consumers’ WTP. Findings – The results revealed that most consumers in China were concerned over tea safety; however, their WTP for certified traceable tea was limited. Only income and the degree of concern over tea safety affected the consumer’s WTP for certified traceable tea greatly. When it came to consumers’ WTP a positive price premium, income level, education, and attitude toward traceability of tea significantly influenced the actual premium consumers were willing to pay. Practical implications – The Chinese government and tea producers should pay attention when implementing tea traceability system. First, raising the consumers’ income contributes to the premiums that consumers are willing to pay for certified traceable tea. Second, social groups, consumer organizations and tea producers should popularize knowledge of tea traceability. Third, given the low price premiums that consumers are willing to pay, the establishment of viable traceability of tea in China requires the producers and the government to bear some of the cost associated with the implementation of this system. Originality/value – In past studies on WTP for certified traceable food, the study is focussed on meat in developed countries, and the research has expanded range of study, by conducting a survey in China to determine consumers’ WTP for certified traceable tea, and by empirically examining the main factors that influence the willingness of consumers to pay a price premium for certified traceable tea, as well as the premium that these consumers are willing to pay.

scholarly journals Managing compliance with the World Anti-Doping Code: China’s strategies and their implications

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tien-Chin Tan ◽  
Alan Bairner ◽  
Yu-Wen Chen
Keyword(s):  
Field Research ◽  
High Price ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Sporting Events ◽  
Winter Olympics ◽  
Fair Competition ◽  
The World ◽  
World Anti Doping Agency ◽  
The Government ◽  
One Year

With the problems of doping in sport becoming more serious, the World Anti-Doping Code was drafted by the World Anti-Doping Agency in 2003 and became effective one year later. Since its passage, the Code has been renewed four times, with the fourth and latest version promulgated in January 2015. The Code was intended to tackle the problems of doping in sports through cooperation with governments to ensure fair competition as well as the health of athletes. To understand China’s strategies for managing compliance with the Code and also the implications behind those strategies, this study borrows ideas from theories of compliance. China’s high levels of performance in sport, judged by medal success, have undoubtedly placed the country near the top of the global sports field. Therefore, how China acts in relation to international organizations, and especially how it responds to the World Anti-Doping Agency, is highly significant for the future of elite sport and for the world anti-doping regime. Through painstaking efforts, the researchers visited Beijing to conduct field research four times and interviewed a total of 22 key sports personnel, including officials at the General Administration of Sports of China, the China Anti-Doping Agency, and individual sport associations, as well as sport scholars and leading officials of China’s professional sports leagues. In response to the World Anti-Doping Agency, China developed strategies related to seven institutional factors: ‘monitoring’, ‘verification’, ‘horizontal linkages’, ‘nesting’, ‘capacity building’, ‘national concern’ and ‘institutional profile’. As for the implications, the Chinese government is willing and able to comply with the World Anti-Doping Agency Code. In other words, the Chinese government is willing to pay a high price in terms of money, manpower and material resources so that it can recover from the disgrace suffered as a result of doping scandals in the 1990s. The government wants to ensure that China’s prospects as a participant, bidder and host of mega sporting events are not compromised, especially as the host of the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing.

Private Enterprise Development in a One-Party Autocratic State: The Case of Alibaba Group in China’s E-Commerce

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (01) ◽  
pp. 1850001
Author(s):  
FU LAI TONY YU
Keyword(s):  
Financial Stability ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Private Enterprise ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Industrial Growth ◽  
Party Members ◽  
Private Entrepreneurs ◽  
The Government ◽  
The One

This study attempts to explain China’s industrial development with special reference to e-commerce. It argues that in a one-party autocratic regime such as China, the collaboration between government officials and private entrepreneurs in strategic industries can promote industrial growth. Since Internet can jeopardize communist party’s goal of maintaining cohesiveness and absolute political power, the Chinese government has imposed surveillance on private operation in all IT operations. Specifically, in e-commerce industry, through collaborations with private enterprises, the communist party can “kill two birds in one arrow.” On the one hand, party members are able to preserve national security and maintain social and financial stability by closely monitoring the private enterprise operation. Moreover, party members can seize tangible and non-tangible benefits from the growth in e-commerce firms. On the other hand, private e-commerce enterprises, by building close connection with public officials and senior party members, can obtain strong support from the government, and thus boosting its business growth. This argument is applied to explain the miraculous growth of Alibaba Group, a private e-commerce enterprise in China. In particular, the paper attempts to show the relationship between the Chinese government and the private entrepreneur in the e-business development and how their collaboration enhances growth in the Internet market.

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