3D numerical simulation of injection into a porous natural gas storage
The increasing demand for the consumption of natural gas has attracted the interest to store natural gas in depleted reservoirs. Natural gas is injected into the depleted reservoir and then produced once needed to be supplied to the consumers through pipelines. Changes of reservoir fluid pressure due to injection/ depletion will result in the local changes of stress regime inside the reservoir as well as the surrounding rocks. These stress fluctuations will primarily lead to the deformations and changes of the loads exerted on the wellbore. This can potentially trigger hazardous events such as considerable land surface movements, wellbore instability and casing collapse, fault reactivation, and cap rock failure. Therefore a good knowledge of reservoir geomechanics is required when planning storage of natural gas in a depleted reservoir. In this paper the concept of effective stress and pore pressure will be reviewed. A 3D finite element (FE) numerical modelling technique is developed to investigate the changes in stresses and displacements either during the injection or the depletion in a complete isotropic elastic media. The numerical code is used to simulate the injection-induced stress and displacement fields at a field scale for a hypothetical model with an embedded porous formation. The effect of formation rock mechanical properties such as Young’s modulus is also investigated through a series of sensitivity analysis. The results are presented and interpreted and various conclusions are made.